Michael Perry, PlanetArk 5 Aug 08;
SYDNEY - Untouched natural forests store three times more carbon dioxide than previously estimated and 60 percent more than plantation forests, said a new Australian study of "green carbon" and its role in climate change.
Green carbon occurs in natural forests, brown carbon is found in industrialised forests or plantations, grey carbon in fossil fuels and blue carbon in oceans.
Australian National University (ANU) scientists said that the role of untouched forests, and their biomass of green carbon, had been underestimated in the fight against global warming.
The scientists said the UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the Kyoto Protocol did not distinguish between the carbon capacity of plantation forests and untouched forests.
Yet untouched forests can carry three times the carbon presently estimated, if their biomass of carbon stock was included, said the ANU report released on Tuesday.
Currently, forest carbon storage capacity is based on plantation forest estimates.
The report "Green Carbon, the role of natural forests in carbon storage" said a difference in the definition of a forest was also underestimating the carbon stock in old-growth forests.
The IPCC defines a forest as trees taller than 2 metres (six feet) and a canopy cover greater than 10 percent, but in Australia a forest was defined as having trees taller than 10 metres (33 feet) and a canopy cover greater than 30 percent.
The report said southeast Australia's unlogged forests could store about 640 tonnes per hectare (1,600 tonnes per acre), yet the IPCC estimate put it at only around 217 tonnes of carbon per hectare.
The scientists estimated that around 9.3 billion tonnes of carbon can be stored in the 14.5 million hectares of eucalypt forests in southeast Australia if they are left undisturbed.
The IPCC estimates only one third of this capacity and only 27 percent of the forests' biomass carbon stock.
"MORE RESILIENT"
Not only did natural forests store more carbon but because they remained untouched, they stored the carbon for longer than plantation forests which were cut down on a rotation basis.
The report found that "natural forests are more resilient to climate change and disturbances than plantations".
Co-author of the report Brendan Mackey said protecting natural forests served two purposes: it maintained a large carbon sink and stopped the release of the forest's stored carbon.
"Protecting the carbon in natural forests is preventing an additional emission of carbon from what we get from burning fossil fuel," Mackey told Reuters.
The carbon stored in the world's biomass and soil was approximately three times the amount in the atmosphere, said the report. About 35 percent of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is a result of past deforestation and 18 percent of annual global emissions is from continued deforestation.
The report said logging resulted in more than a 40 percent reduction in long-term carbon compared with unlogged forests.
"The majority of biomass carbon in natural forests resides in the woody biomass of large old trees. Commercial logging changes the age structure of forests so that the average age of trees is much younger," it said.
"The carbon stock of forests subject to commercial logging, and of monoculture plantations in particular, will therefore always be significantly less on average than the carbon stock of natural, undisturbed forests."
The scientists said preventing further deforestation of southeast Australia's eucalypt forests was the equivalent of preventing emissions of 460 million tonnes of carbon dioxide a year for the next 100 years.
Allowing logged forests to regrow to their natural carbon storage capacity would avoid emissions of 136 million tonnes of carbon dioxide a year for the next 100 years -- about 25 percent of Australia's total emissions in 2005.
"In Australia and probably globally the carbon carrying capacity of natural forests is underestimated and therefore misrepresented in economic valuations and in policy options," said the report. (Editing by David Fogarty)
Scientists warn forest clearing more harmful than thought
Yahoo News 5 Aug 08;
Clearing natural forests in Australia would pose a greater danger to the global climate than previously thought because they hold three times as much carbon as estimated, a report released Tuesday said.
The Australian National University report warns that all nations, not just those in the developing world, should prevent the clearing of their forests because this could release huge amounts of harmful carbon into the atmosphere.
"From a scientific perspective, green carbon accounting and protection of the natural forests in all nations should become part of a comprehensive approach to solving the climate change problem," the report said.
While current international talks focussed on reducing the destruction of forests in developing countries only, the forests of nations such as Australia, Canada, Russia and the US also needed to be protected, it added.
"Protecting the carbon in Australia's and the world's natural forests is no longer an option -- it is a necessity," report co-author Professor Brendan Mackey said.
"If natural forests continue to be cleared and degraded then the carbon dioxide released will significantly increase concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere."
The scientists found that unlogged natural eucalypt forests in Australia's southeast stored about 640 tonnes of carbon per hectare.
That compares with the 217 tonnes per hectare estimated by the world's leading scientific body on the issue, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
In some areas, the storage levels are estimated to be ten times higher than previously thought.
Mackey said the findings highlighted the need for a new approach to account for carbon stored in natural forests.
"To date, in climate change discussions in the forest sector, all the attention has been on reforestation and afforestation," he told AFP.
"At the Bali climate change conference (in December) everybody kind of woke up and realised that natural forests store a vast amount of carbon and that we can't afford to allow further emissions from deforestation and forest degeneration because these are on top of fossil fuel burning."
Mackey said deforestation accounted for 17.5 percent of annual greenhouse gas emissions globally.
