Michael Casey, Associated Press Yahoo News 27 Apr 09;
BANGKOK – Southeast Asia will be hit particularly hard by climate change, causing the region's agriculture-dependent economies to contract by as much as 6.7 percent annually by the end of the century, according to a study released Monday.
The Asian Development Bank study identified four countries as especially vulnerable: Indonesia and the Philippines with large coastal populations facing rising sea levels, and Thailand and Vietnam where rice yields could drop 50 percent due to water shortages.
"You have to think about developing countries' capacity," ADB Senior Economist Tae Yong Jung said. "They are not really well prepared. Their capacity to handle extreme events is much lower than the developed world."
He said globally climate change would cost the equivalent of 2.6 percent of gross domestic product each year by the end of the century.
If nothing is done to combat global warming, the report said that by 2100 the four Asian countries would see temperatures rise an average of 8.6 Fahrenheit (4.8 Celsius) from the 1990 level. They would also likely suffer drops in rainfall leading to worsening droughts and more forest fires, more destructive tropical storms and flooding from rising seas that could displace millions of people and lead to the destruction of 965 square miles (2,500 square kilometers) of mangroves.
The economic cost, according to the report, would be 6.7 percent of gross domestic product by 2100.
The key for Southeast Asia would be protecting its remaining tropical forests which have fallen victim in recent years to widespread illegal logging and the expansion of palm oil plantations, the report found. Deforestation represents as much as 75 percent of the four country's emissions.
Global warming threatens economic chaos in SE Asia-ADB
Rosemarie Francisco, Reuters 27 Apr 09;
MANILA (Reuters) - Southeast Asia is one of the world's most vulnerable regions to climate change and could face conflict over failing rice yields, lack of water and high economic costs, a major Asian Development Bank report shows.
The region's economies could lose as much as 6.7 percent of combined gross domestic product yearly by 2100, more than twice the global average loss, according to the ADB's report on the economics of climate change in Southeast Asia.
"By the end of this century, the economy-wide cost each year on average could reach 2.2 percent of GDP, if only market impact is considered...(to) 6.7 percent of GDP when catastrophic risks are also taken into account," the British-government funded report said.
This compared with an estimated global loss of just under 1 percent of GDP in market impact terms, the Manila-based ADB said.
The global economic downturn could delay funding for climate change mitigation measures by regional governments.
Yet this was the time to offer incentives for green investment schemes in the energy and water sectors, said the study focusing on Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam.
These schemes could involve the shift to renewable and clean energy options for the power and transport sectors across Southeast Asia, home to nearly 600 million people.
In particular, cutting carbon emissions from forest fires and deforestation was crucial since these were major contributors to the region's total emissions, it said. Renewable energy such as wind, solar, biomass and geothermal also offered great potential in slashing emissions.
VULNERABLE
But if nothing was done globally to fight climate change, Southeast Asia could suffer a decline in rice output potential of about 50 percent on average by 2100 against 1990 levels.
The yield drop ranged from 34 percent in Indonesia to 75 percent in the Philippines, with the fall forecast to start in 2020 for the four nations.
Southeast Asia is one of the most vulnerable regions to climate change because of the high economic activity along its long coastlines, and its heavy dependence on agriculture, forestry and other natural resources.
Unless the pace of climate change was checked, millions of people in the region would be left unable to produce or purchase sufficient food.
"More people will be at risk of hunger and malnutrition, which will cause more deaths. The possibility of local conflicts may increase," said the report.
Annual mean temperature in the four countries could also rise by an average 4.8 degrees Celsius by 2100 from 1990 levels if global emissions keep growing.
This would intensify water shortages in the dry season and raise flooding risks during wet periods.
The report says an increase in extreme weather events, such as droughts, floods and storms, and forest fires arising from climate change would also jeopardize export industries.
It said the region, which contributed 12 percent of the world's greenhouse gas emissions in 2000, had made significant efforts to counter climate change, but most steps were reactive and offered short-term benefits with implementation patchy.
Raising public awareness of climate change and its impact, increased funding and enhancing policy coordination, were crucial, it added.
Stepping up measures to adapt were also needed.
These included scaling up water conservation and management, developing heat-resistant crop varieties, more efficient irrigation systems and enhanced awareness-raising programs to prepare for more forest fires.
(Editing by David Fogarty and Sanjeev Miglani)
Climate change threat to SEAsia development
Yahoo News 27 Apr 09;
MANILA (AFP) – Climate change could "seriously hinder" Southeast Asia's development and efforts to reduce poverty, a new study released by the Asian Development Bank said Monday.
With its long coastlines and heavy dependence on agriculture and forestry, Southeast Asia is highly vulnerable to the effects of climate change, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) report said, warning: "The worst is yet to come."
"Combating climate change requires urgent action on both adaptation and mitigation -- there is no time to delay," the study said.
If the world continues with its "business-as-usual" approach, the average cost of climate change for Indonesia, the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam could be "equivalent to losing 6.7 percent of combined gross domestic product each year by 2100 -- more than twice the global average."
Already, climate change has led to extreme weather events such as heat waves, droughts, floods and tropical cyclones in recent decades in the region, the ADB said.
It noted also that the annual mean temperature in the region's four biggest countries was projected to rise by 4.8 degrees Celsius by 2100 from the 1990 level.
It said that during this period, the sea level in the region was expected to rise 70 centimetres (2.3 feet), while increasingly drier weather is likely in the next two to three decades.
"Southeast Asia is likely to suffer more from climate change than the global average," it said.
