Madeleine Coorey Yahoo News 5 Jan 11;
SYDNEY (AFP) – Australia's spectacular Great Barrier Reef is under threat from massive floods swamping the country's northeast which are pouring harmful debris and sediment into the sea, an expert said Wednesday.
The full impact of the floods, which are rushing huge volumes of water into the pristine surrounds of the world's largest coral reef, is not yet known, but the influx will stress the colourful corals, said Michelle Devlin.
"This does impact on the reef. It just impacts on the reef's resilience so you get very stressed corals, you get stressed sea grass," Devlin, a researcher at James Cook University in northern Queensland, told AFP.
"So let's just say that a big cyclone came along, knocked them all out. They might not recover so well because they are already very stressed."
Devlin said while the rivers have always poured into the reef, the floods were no longer bringing just rainwater but also sediment, nutrients and pesticides.
"Top soil will run straight off into the water and that will come straight out into the Great Barrier Reef," said the researcher, who chased the flood plumes by boat to take samples and track the extent of the damage.
"There's a lot of water around and already it would be influencing the reef," she said, describing the mixture of fresh, warm water, nutrient-heavy soil and pesticide run-offs as a harmful "cocktail" for the corals.
"There is just going to be this cocktail of water containing a lot of things that they (the corals) wouldn't necessarily have seen before. It is fresh, warm water and that will stress corals out as well."
Devlin said flood plumes were visible near the coastal city of Rockhampton, where floods have virtually cut off the town of 75,000, and already stretched to up to 40 kilometres (25 miles) offshore.
As more floodwaters brought by weeks of torrential rains make their way to the coast, the dirty river water will pour into the reef for weeks, enabling the plume to extend for hundreds of kilometres, she said.
And although the worst of the flooding is at the southern end of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, experts expect the floodwaters to drift towards the Whitsunday Islands, a tourist hotspot at centre of the colourful attraction.
Already the plume is at the scenic Keppel islands north of Rockhampton and Devlin said these would likely bear the brunt of the flood impact.
"I think the Keppels reefs... they will have quite high mortality," she said.
Delvin said the floods were some of the biggest in decades and it was too early to know what impact they would have overall on the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, which stretches some 2,300 kilometres up the northeast coast.
But she said it was possible that sea grass beds -- a key feeding ground for marine creatures such as dugongs -- could be wiped out in some areas while the additional nutrients in the water could allow the crown of thorns starfish -- a pest on the reef -- to flourish.
"This is a really massive event," Devlin said. "It has the potential to shift the food web, it has the potential to shift how the reef operates."
"But it is a really robust ecosystem," she said of the reef which teems with marine life and boasts hundreds of coral species.
Great Barrier Reef threatened
Rosanne Barrett The Australian 7 Jan 11;
THE floodwaters that have polluted dozens of Queensland cities and towns could also cause problems for the Great Barrier Reef.
Pesticides, fertilisers, top soil and sediment are being washed through the river systems out to sea, influencing the reef's salinity and water quality.
Farms and grazing properties have been inundated, leaving some of the runoff contaminated, while environmental groups remain concerned about the pollution from various mine sites across the state.
Australian Institute of Marine Science principal research scientist Katharina Fabricius said flood plumes from agricultural areas of Queensland would reduce salinity and increase nutrients and sedimentation on inshore areas. Floodwaters could damage corals, reduce species diversity and increase the abundance of seaweeds on reefs.
In the past, large floods of the Burdekin River had lead to outbreaks of crown-of-thorns starfish, and there was concern that a new wave could soon form on the reef.
"The timing and location of the three observed outbreaks of crown-of thorns starfish in the past have all coincided with the the times and place where the three largest Burdekin floods on record have impinged on the reef," Dr Fabricius said. "These outbreaks of coral-eating starfish are still the greatest source of coral mortality on the Great Barrier Reef."
The sediment can also affect seagrass beds, leading to the starvation of marine life including dugongs that feed in and around the reef, including in Gladstone harbour. Reported dugong strandings have increased in recent years after a flood event.
But it is not only sediment being washed out to sea: a dead cow has been found on North Keppel Island, 12km off the coast. Police initially reported the cow had been found alive, but a Rockhampton Regional Council spokesman told AAP efforts to prevent the animal drowning were unsuccessful.
"It was washed out through the river," the spokesman said. "It was struggling. They put some flotation devices - I don't know what sort of flotation devices (but) not a lifejacket - but something to keep it buoyant. They were trying to get it to the nearest island, but unfortunately it didn't make it."
AgForce believes stock losses in Queensland will be minimal, with most graziers able to move cattle to higher ground, where they have survived on feed drops.
The impact on wildlife, however, is likely to be significant.
