Beh Lih Yi & Ratri M. Siniwi Jakarta Globe 13 Jul 16;
Jakarta. The World Resources Institute’s global forest monitoring network, Global Forest Watch (GFW), has launched a new tool that can spot potential forest fires as the dry season draws nearer in Indonesia.
The Fire Risk Map, launched last Thursday (07/07), will help authorities prevent fires before they spread to forests in Indonesia and Malaysia — the cause of last year’s haze emergency.
“We hope the Fire Risk Map will help government officials and land managers to be more proactive about fires,” Susan Minnemeyer, a forest fire expert at GFW, told Thomson Reuters Foundation on Tuesday (12/07).
According to Susan, the Fire Risk Map is updated daily to calculate fire risks using satellite-based data on temperature, humidity and rainfall. It can also estimate the wetness or dryness of forest litter.
Dry forest litter indicates a higher risk of forest fires, as it easily catches fire and spreads it.
“It is cheaper to prevent fires than to react to them,” Susan said in a statement.
The map was developed with help from the environmental group Conservation International and is based on the U.S. Forest Service’s Fire Danger Rating System.
New US tool to help RI predict hot spot locations
Hans Nicholas Jong The Jakarta Post 14 Jul 16;
As the country enters the dry season, from June to October, a new tool may help the country overcome the annual fires by detecting fire risks daily.
The tool, developed by a team of experts with Conservation International’s Firecast initiative, the Global Solutions Group and the World Resources Institute (WRI), is based on the US Forest Service’s fire danger rating system.
The tool comes in the form of a fire risk map that calculates the risk of a fire catching and spreading in a given area using satellite-based data on temperature, humidity and rainfall.
These measurements help estimate how wet or dry forest litter (dead tree and plant materials) is —the drier the litter, the higher the risk.
“We’re using data from Terra and Aqua satellites by NASA. And then we aggregate the data into our platform by adding contextual information, such as concessions, land cover, peat or non peat,” WRI Indonesia deputy director Andika Putraditama told The Jakarta Post.
Indonesia, however, already has its own fire danger rating system, says the Environment and Forestry Ministry’s fire mitigation director, Raffles Brotestes Panjaitan.
“We’ve been using FDRS [fire danger rating system] since 2006 with the help of Canada and we also have fire prone map in 10 provinces, which we’ve shared with governors,” he told the Post.
However, Andika said the system was not as robust as the one provided by the WRI.
“We can only see hot spots and their number in each regency. But we wouldn’t be able to know what’s actually happening on the ground because we don’t have contextual information on that,” he said.
Through the tool, a computer model generates a new interactive map every day showing where dry conditions increase fire risk in Indonesia and Malaysia.
“If we can access the data of hot spots and wind direction, which is updated daily, we can know where the fires might spread,” said Andika.
Therefore, the tool can help decisionmakers take action to prevent fires before they start, especially during the current dry season, which will last until October, when fires typically spike and air quality deteriorates.
This year’s dry season is expected to be less dry than last year, which had an abnormally long dry season due to El Niño, a cyclical climate event that warms sea temperatures.
El Niño has now largely ended. Instead, there is a 75 percent chance of La Niña, the cooler inverse of El Niño, which would create wetter-than-average conditions for Indonesia and perhaps a shorter dry season.
So far in 2016, most of Indonesia has been relatively rainy and with few fires, although conditions are growing drier.
The new fire risk data shows that average fire risk is at moderate to low in provinces that saw significant fire outbreaks last year, but beginning to enter high-risk conditions in portions of Riau, Central Kalimantan and West Kalimantan.
Last week, 288 hot spots were detected throughout the country, with North Sumatra having the largest number of hot spots.
As the threat of land and forest fires grows, the government could use the fire risk map to inform the public when fire risk is high.
In the US, fire danger warnings help forest users know whether it is safe to build a campfire or operate certain equipment.
Similar warnings or prohibitions on fires on dry days could help raise awareness.
The government could also coordinate fire response actions when fires occur to prevent spreading based on information from the fire risk map.
“If the WRI has a more up-to-date map, then it is nice to utilize it as well,” Raffles said.
