Horror tour of China bear farm

Letter from Lydia Wong Jui Fang (Ms), Straits Times Forum 28 Mar 08;

ABOUT two years ago, my mother signed up for a China tour. She had looked forward to the trip with her friends but she was not prepared for what awaited her when she was there.

She was horrified when the tour guide took them to a reservation-cum-farm that sold bear bile for so-called medical consumption. The tour group was warned not to take photographs of the place for fear of bad publicity. And my mother had to endure screams of the tormented creatures locked in small and filthy cages. The bears were beaten, underfed and had dirty tubes inserted in them to drain their bile.

Upset with the experience, she refused to enter the compound further when she realised what the business was about and exchanged harsh words with the tour operator. Needless to say, it spoiled what could have been an enjoyable holiday for her. It has been a while but she still recounts the experience with sadness and anger.

I urge everyone who intend to go on holidays to check with their tour operators to ensure that their itineraries are free of such programmes. As tourists, we have a moral responsibility of not supporting such causes.

Related link

Acres and trade in bear parts in Singapore
on the Acres website


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Nigeria's forests to disappear by 2020: expert

Yahoo News 27 Mar 08;

Nigeria will lose all of its remaining forests in the next 12 years if the rate of deforestation remains unchecked, an environmental expert warned Thursday.

"Considering the rate at which trees are chopped down without any regeneration efforts ... all of Nigeria's forests will disappear by 2020," Kabiru Yammama told AFP.

Yammama, who heads up the National Forest Conservation Council (NFCCN), a body that acts as a consultant to the Nigerian government, said all forests in northern Nigeria have been depleted and deforestation is moving southwards.

"The north has lost virtually all its forests. Our 1999 survey showed that the rate of deforestation in northern Nigeria alone stood at 400,000 hectares per annum," he said.

Nigeria uses 40.5 million tonnes of firewood every year, he said, adding: "Imagine the depredation wrought on the vegetation in the last decade."

According to the most recent NFCCN report, released in 2007, 35 percent of arable land in 11 northern states has been swallowed by desert.

This has affected the livelihood of over 55 million people, more than the combined population of Mali, Burkina Fasso, Senegal and Mauritania.

Nigeria has the seventh-largest gas reserves in the world but has so far failed to harness them to produce affordable cooking gas, meaning the bulk of the population still relies on wood or charcoal for cooking.

"Now that the forests in the north are gone, attention has shifted to ... southern Nigeria where trees are burnt for charcoal. This is more destructive than tree chopping because it is more rapid and kills all the flora and wildlife," Yammama further warned.

"If this trend continues unchecked Nigeria will join the league of Ethiopia which has lost all its forests," he said.

He cited desertification, rain shortages and drought as some of the consequences of deforestation that northern Nigeria is facing.

Earlier this month Nigeria's meteorological agency warned that the rainy season is getting shorter, particularly in the north, where it has dropped to 120 days from 150 days 30 years ago.

Rain fell for even less than 120 days in the last crop season which adversely affected yields and sent food prices up.


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Russia calls for sturgeon fishing ban in Caspian

Dario Thuburn, Yahoo News 27 Mar 08;

Russia on Thursday proposed that Caspian Sea states impose a five-year ban on fishing for sturgeon, prized for its caviar eggs, to save stocks from collapse, a spokesman for the fisheries agency said.

"We are ready to announce a moratorium," said spokesman Alexander Savelyev, adding that Russia would formally propose the ban to the other four Caspian Sea states of Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan soon.

"This is because the sturgeon is about to disappear," said Savelyev, adding that Russia was not able to fish its annual quota of 50 tonnes of sturgeon last year because overfishing and poaching had depleted stocks.

The fisheries agency also put forward a draft law on Thursday for the creation of a state monopoly on sturgeon fishing and caviar sales in an effort to stop poaching -- a business worth one billion dollars (634 million euros) a year, Savelyev said.

Poaching is "a ruthless, pitiless business motivated only by profit," he continued. The draft law, which also proposes tax breaks for private sturgeon farms, is set to be examined by parliament in the next few days.

Almost all the world's sturgeon, one of the oldest species of fish, live in the Caspian Sea. Their eggs have been prized as a delicacy for centuries and environmentalists say the fish are heading for extinction.

The international environmental watchdog WWF warned earlier this year that the population of Caspian Sea sturgeon, including the osetra, servruga and beluga species, had fallen by as much as 70 percent in the past few decades.

Almost 12 tonnes of illegal caviar were sold in Europe between 2000 and 2005, according to official data from the European Union. Experts believe that is only a fraction of the caviar poached from the Caspian.

Russian police have stepped up raids on illegal caviar in recent years. In one of the latest incidents, nearly two tonnes of black caviar were confiscated from stores in the Moscow region in August last year.

Russia has also launched a sturgeon breeding programme but says its efforts are being undermined by fishing in other parts of the Caspian Sea and has therefore said any action needs to be taken jointly by Caspian Sea states.

Local scientists at the one of the sturgeon breeding centres in the region of Astrakhan in southern Russia also blame the boom in offshore oil and gas development in the Caspian Sea for depletion of stocks.

"We can keep the population at the same low level but we cannot revive the glory of the Caspian since human activity has a very large impact," Alexander Kitanov, a local scientist, said.

"The sturgeon could disappear from the Caspian Sea just like it has disappeared everywhere else. If it falls out of the food chain, its place will be taken up by other species and it will never be able to return."


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Consensus reached to fight tuna overfishing: Japan

Hiroshi Hiyama, Yahoo News 27 Mar 08;

"But in the end, everyone knew that to conserve the fish we can't continue fishing like we're doing now,"

Tuna eating and catching nations agreed Thursday to review rules to fight chronic overfishing, paving the way for stricter catch quotas later this year, Japanese officials said.

Officials, scientists and fisheries industry people from 13 nations held two days of talks in Tokyo amid concern that the growing popularity for Japanese food around the world is endangering tuna populations.

"There was opposition to the idea that the rules might be tightened, particularly from fisheries operators in the Mediterranean, who said the regulations are pretty tight as they are," said a Japanese official who attended the closed-door talks.

"But in the end, everyone knew that to conserve the fish we can't continue fishing like we're doing now," he said.

A 2006 deal agreed to cut the annual catch of bluefin tuna in the eastern Atlantic Ocean by one-fifth to 25,500 tonnes by 2010.

A report issued in France last year said that France, Italy, Japan and Spain were the biggest violators of international quotas for bluefin tuna.

Fishing operators also have violated rules not to go tuna fishing during the breeding season and to avoid catching small fish.

Experts have repeatedly warned that that tuna will eventually become extinct at current fishing rates. The United States has in the past suggested a complete temporary ban on tuna fishing to ensure the fish survives.

"Japan's position is that we do not want to encourage overfishing and we would accept stricter fishing quotas based on scientific evidence," the official said.

The Tokyo meeting informally brought together members of the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas.

The commission is preparing to issue the latest data on tuna population and catch in June, in a report that is likely to suggest urgent need for controlling tuna fishing, the Japanese official said.

Some participants at the meeting warned that the commission's authority to control tuna fishing might be taken away by other conservation bodies if the quotas go ignored and tuna populations continue to shrink.

"It is difficult to speculate how strict the reviewed quota will be. But it is hard to imagine the new data indicating optimistic prospects for the tuna population," the official said.

The commission will hold a meeting in the latter half of the year based on the report to be issued in June, aiming to put forward a plan to increase tuna populations, the official said.

Japan is by far the biggest consumer of tuna, served raw in sashimi slices or with rice in sushi rolls.

But demand has been rising around the world as a growing number of people eat Japanese food, which is perceived as healthy.

Foreign fisheries operators say Japanese and other buyers are asking for a growing amount of tuna. Japanese businesses maintain they only buy fish that are legally caught.


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People power to deal with litter problem in the UK

People Clearing Litter aims to clean-up streets
Paul Eccleston and Steve McCormack, The Telegraph 27 Mar 08;

A campaign to clean up other people's discarded litter has been launched.

Steve McCormack, founder of People Clearing Litter, is attempting to recruit public-spirited volunteers to clean up eyesore sites.

He claims authorities are overwhelmed by the scale of the problem and the only solution is for like-minded people to do the job themselves.

Mr McCormack has set up a website - www.peopleclearinglitter.co.uk - as a focal point for the campaign where people can gain information and encouragement.

"The message of my campaign - that public bodies alone will never be able to tackle the litter problem - is not a counsel of despair, but one of optimism, because it provides the chance for ordinary people to show they are prepared to work together to improve their environment," he said.

He is asking people with a few minutes to spare fill up a bag or two of rubbish and then to register with the site, to report what they have done in their own area. They can also link up to jointly tackle the worst eyesores.

The website currently reports that 165 sites have so far been cleared of litter.

Here he explains his mission:

How we can solve the litter problem?

When I first suggested to friends that I was thinking of starting a national campaign to try to persuade British people to pick up litter thrown away by others, most thought I was on the mad side of naïve.

Although enough of them had noticed, with distaste, the increasing accumulation of litter in places they passed on foot or in cars, they doubted there'd be many people willing to get their hands dirty and actually help clear it up.

Worthy, but doomed to fail was the thrust of what they thought of my idea.

There were two reasons behind their pessimism. They thought people had an ingrained resistance to clearing up someone else's mess, particularly if that person could be categorised as lazy or anti-social.

And they said people would object to performing a task that was already the responsibility of public bodies, funded of course by the taxpayer.

But I saw flaws in both these cases. First, if no-one ever lifted a voluntary finger to put right the mistakes or misdeeds of others, we'd truly sink as a society. And second, our taxes are already spent on litter clearing. It is just that we, as a society, are tossing so much litter away that the authorities can't cope.

But what about Keep Britain Tidy, I hear you ask? Aren't they on top of the problem? Are they hell. First, they effectively re-branded themselves out of existence a couple of years ago by being swallowed up by an organisation no-one's ever heard of, called Encams.

And second, they manage to spend large chunks of their £10m annual budget (most of which is our taxes) on producing lengthy, wordy reports few will ever read.

The last of these concluded (I kid you not) that the litter problem had not got any worse over the last four years, when the truth staring us in the face every day is the complete opposite.

It's clear, I'm afraid, that publicly funded bureaucracies, with half an eye on their Government paymasters, can do nothing more than scratch the surface in this area.

We, the people, are the ones with the power.

So, a fortnight ago I launched the campaign and the website (www.peopleclearinglitter.co.uk) on Jeremy Vine's lunchtime BBC Radio 2 programme. My simple message was that, if we want to get rid of litter eyesores, we had better do some of the work ourselves.

I was overwhelmed and heartened by the response. Supportive phones calls flooded the programme, my email inbox was engulfed by messages promising active help, and within 24 hours, the website had registered 15,000 hits.

It was gratifying to know I wasn't alone, and I sensed a similar feeling of relief around the country. 'I thought I was the only one going around with an old carrier bag picking up litter,' wrote a woman from Windsor.

'It's such a relief to know that there are more of us around,' said another woman, from Kent, along with photographs of the cans, bottles, sweet wrappers and plastic bags she's just collected from a path near her home.

In a letter arriving the next day, a man from Sussex wrote: 'Thank heavens there are other like-minded people supporting your efforts. I was beginning to despair.'

By the end of the first day, hundreds of these and other supporters had recorded their recent litter-picking exploits on the website and started using the Forum area to communicate with like-minded people in their localities.

One of my initial aims was that the website, by providing this central rallying point for the campaign, would embolden and encourage people who might feel a little nervous or self-conscious collecting litter in public. Happily, the early signs are that this objective is being achieved.

A man from Burnley wrote: 'Great idea. I find rubbish spoiling my walks in the countryside, but I won't feel like a lone nutter if your idea takes off.'

In similar vein, a man told me of his resolve to do something about the 'thousands' of plastic bags stuck in trees next to his local Tesco store in Huntingdon. 'I am going to sort out this mess. You have given me the final push,' he reported.

One way in which I hope the campaign will spread is as a result of the visibility that will be created by supporters wearing the green campaign badges, and, more powerfully, tying up the bags of litter they collect with the green People Clearing Litter ribbon available through the website. The idea is that these flashes of green will attract the eye, as bulging bags are left for collection alongside council litter bins on footpaths and pavements.

This might just do two other things. First, councils might be encouraged to raise their game, as they surely should. And second, some of the current litter-droppers might just think twice the next time they causally toss that empty can into the bushes, or wind down their car window and chuck out a burger box and empty bottle.


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Experts seek answers on water footprint

Arthur Max, Associated Press Yahoo News 27 Mar 08;

It's not only our carbon footprint we should worry about. Experts are looking for solutions to our growing water footprint, as urban populations explode and the demand for biofuels adds stress on water for farmland.

Nearly half the people on Earth, about 2.5 billion, have no access to sanitation, many of them in urban slums. The world's cities are growing by 1 million people a week, and soon their aging water systems will not cope.

"What we are doing now can't keep up with the issues we already have," says Carol A. Howe, an expert working for a UNESCO-led water development project called Switch.

"Something needs to change. It needs to change quickly, and it needs to be fairly dramatic," she told a symposium of journalists Wednesday.

The threat of climate change has drawn attention to carbon footprints, the amount of greenhouse gases produced by human activity. Now scientists have begun calculating a water footprint, the amount of water needed to produce goods or services.

A report published this month by UNESCO-IHE, the Institute for Water Education in Delft, says it takes 70-400 times as much water to create energy from biofuels as it does from fossil fuels.

It said the production of crude oil requires slightly more than one cubic meter of water for one unit of energy, compared with 61 cubic meters to grow biomass in Brazil — mostly sugar used for ethanol — for the same amount of energy. The water footprint of biomass grown in the Netherlands is 24 cubic meters, the report said.

Engineers are experimenting in a dozen cities from Lima to Beijing to find ways to ease the pressure on water resources.

The pilot projects, run by the U.N. Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization and funded by the European Union, range from turning rooftops into gardens, capturing and recycling rain, recharging underground water reservoirs with waste water, and swapping traditional flush sanitation for dry toilets.

The English city of Birmingham is monitoring the effects of green roofs to reduce flooding during storms, to cut energy needs and to study how to capture run-off to reduce water needs in the buildings or surrounding areas, Howe said.

A project in Tel Aviv, Israel, channels treated waste water into the aquifer through the natural filtering system of the soil, and is testing whether it can be reused for drinking water, she said.

Gary Amy, a professor of urban water supply and sanitation with UNESCO-IHE, said the United Nations is almost certain to miss its 2015 goal of halving the percentage of the world's population who lack adequate sanitation. The goal takes 1990 as the base level.

Accounting for population growth, some 500,000 new people every day would have to be connected to a sanitation system to meet the U.N. target, he said.

Waterless toilets, using either chemicals or composting, are being tested in Ghana, Kenya, Peru, Egypt and elsewhere. They also enhance the possibility of separating human waste, using liquid waste as a rich source of nutrients for crops, Amy said.

"If we captured all the urine in Africa, it could match all the nitrogen and phosphates used for agriculture," he said.

Howe said standard mechanisms consume about 25 percent of all residential water — drinking water that is literally flushed down the toilet. "It takes a lot of energy and money to bring in the water, to treat it, to put into the toilet, to treat it again, and to put it into the river system," she said.


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The man making 'wind bags' to store wind energy

Brady Haran, BBC News 26 Mar 08;

Seamus Garvey wants to "store the wind".

He believes the future of energy is storing it as compressed air in giant bags under the sea. And a major power company has invested in the scheme.

Professor Garvey, a long-time proponent of compressed air, feels vindicated by the research grant.

He said: "As the country and the whole world moves toward using more renewable energy, we're going to need energy storage." His idea would utilise familiar renewable sources - wind, waves and tidal power.

But Professor Garvey does not believe we should be forced to "use it or lose it" when conditions are best.

Energy would instead be used to compress and pump air into underwater bags, anchored to the seabed.

When energy demand is highest, the air would be released through a turbine, converting it to electricty.

Store or waste?

Professor Garvey, from the University of Nottingham, said: "The demand for electricity's not constant.

"In the middle of the day we want a lot of it, at night almost nobody wants electricity.

"Also, the wind does not blow at the same speed all the time.

"We will have times (as wind power becomes more common) when the amount of electricity generated by the wind is more than the total demand for the whole country... then you have to store it or waste it."

Power company E.ON has granted 300,000 euros (£236,000) towards building two prototypes - the first on land, then an underwater version powered by waves.

Using compressed air to store energy is not new - for example, it has previously been done in disused mines.

But Professor Garvey will do it under the sea, in flexible containers he has dubbed "energy bags".

He said: "We have to overcome the instinct that (this idea) is too simple to be good.

"And then to show that the economics stack up."

Professor Garvey anticipates his prototypes will be operating within 18 months.


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Hong Kong airport project seen threatening rare dolphins

Reuters 27 Mar 08;

HONG KONG (Reuters) - A population of rare Chinese white dolphins in Hong Kong's coastal waters may be threatened by several upcoming construction projects including a proposed new airport runway, a dolphin conservation group has warned.

Around 200 Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins -- commonly called Chinese white dolphins -- survive in Hong Kong's western waters near the Chek Lap Kok international airport on Lantau island.

While the resident population of these pink-hued cetaceans has remained steady over the past decade, the Hong Kong Dolphin Conservation Society says pressure to expand capacity at Hong Kong's bustling aviation hub posed a serious threat.


"The proposed third runway is quite close to some important habitats so that will further bring some disturbance to the dolphin population," said Samuel Hung, the group's chairman.

Besides extensive reclamation for the runway, Hong Kong plans other major engineering projects in prime dolphin habitat, including a monumental 30-kilometre (19-mile) bridge link to neighboring Macau and a new town project on Lantau.

"There is already a lot of development pressure in that area and it poses a great threat to the dolphins so I think if there's an additional project, that will be quite a disaster for the dolphins," said Hung, who has researched the creatures for years.

The Hong Kong dolphins which form part of a 1,300-strong estuarine population at the mouth of the Pearl River, are also at risk from heavy marine traffic, overfishing and pollution.

(Reporting by James Pomfret; Editing by Alistair Scrutton)


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Asia must reverse massive deforestation: U.N.

Krittivas Mukherjee, Reuters 27 Mar 08;

NEW DELHI (Reuters) - Parts of Asia are losing more than 28,000 square kilometers (10,800 square miles) of forest every year, a trend that must to be reversed immediately to fight climate change, a United Nations report said on Thursday.

Deforestation accounts for about 20 percent of global greenhouse gases -- trees soak up carbon dioxide when they grow and release it when they rot or are burnt.

A U.N. climate conference in Bali last year agreed to launch pilot projects to grant poor countries credits for slowing deforestation under a new long-term climate pact beyond 2012.

With 28,000 sq km of forests disappearing every year, South and Southeast Asia nations were among the most vulnerable to climate change, the report from the U.N.'s Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific said.

"If these trends continue, land-use emissions are likely to increase until 2050; much damage will already have been done by the time they start to recede," it said. "Reversing deforestation is thus critical."

Experts say reversing the trend would also help reduce the impact of soil erosion and drought, protect against floods and increase bio-diversity, and thus food security.

The report said governments in Asia and the Pacific were likely to face "eco-refugees" from their own countries and elsewhere in the region, seeking shelter from short term and long term environmental catastrophes.

"These refugees are likely to head to cities and towns, so government needs to plan for this influx both in the short term and long term." it said. "A regional food bank is one measure that countries can adopt for mutual assistance."

The report said it was unfair to expect developing countries to sacrifice growth to cut emissions, but it was also imperative to include them in all mitigating efforts.

"The solution is invest in carbon-reducing technologies," it said.

But the cost of returning greenhouse gas emissions to present levels by 2030 would be about $200 billion annually, the U.N says, through measures such as investing in energy efficiency and low-carbon renewable energy.

The report suggested top polluters such as China and India could held other developing countries in their region develop more practical and affordable green technologies.

"The countries of the region, whatever measure they undertake, need to develop policies that reduce greenhouse gas emissions," it said.

(Editing by Alex Richardson)


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Warning on plastic's toxic threat

David Shukman, BBC, 27 Mar 08

Plastic waste in the oceans poses a potentially devastating long-term toxic threat to the food chain, according to marine scientists.

Studies suggest billions of microscopic plastic fragments drifting underwater are concentrating pollutants like DDT.

Most attention has focused on dangers that visible items of plastic waste pose to seabirds and other wildlife.

But researchers are warning that the risk of hidden contamination could be more serious.

Dr Richard Thompson of the University of Plymouth has investigated how plastic degrades in the water and how tiny marine organisms, such as barnacles and sand-hoppers, respond.

He told the BBC: "We know that plastics in the marine environment will accumulate and concentrate toxic chemicals from the surrounding seawater and you can get concentrations several thousand times greater than in the surrounding water on the surface of the plastic.

"Now there's the potential for those chemicals to be released to those marine organisms if they then eat the plastic."

'Magnets for poison'

Once inside an organism, the risk is that the toxins may then be transferred into the organism itself.

"There are different conditions in the gut environment compared to surrounding sea water and so the conditions that cause those chemicals to accumulate on the surface of the plastic may well be reversed - leading to a release of those chemicals when the plastic is eaten."

According to Dr Thompson, the plastic particles "act as magnets for poisons in the ocean".

In an experiment involving plastic carrier bags immersed off a jetty in Plymouth harbour, he is assessing the time taken for them to fragment.

n related projects, he and colleagues have also added plastic powder to aquarium sediment to establish how much is ingested by marine life. Research on stretches of shoreline has shown that, at the microscopic level, plastic pollution is far worse than feared.

In a typical sample of sand, one-quarter of the total weight may be composed of plastic particles.

Studies have found that plastic traces have been identified on all seven continents.

Here on Midway, Matt Brown of the US Fish and Wildlife Service echoes the warnings of a long-term threat from plastic waste.

"The thing that's most worrisome about the plastic is its tenaciousness, its durability. It's not going to go away in my lifetime or my children's lifetimes.

"The plastic washing up on the beach today… if people don't take it away it'll still be here when my grandchildren walk these beaches."


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Two retention ponds to be built to alleviate Johor flood woes

The Star 27 Mar 08;

Ong said the floods had been occurring for the past 20 years but became a serious issue in the last 10 years due to development projects as the basic infrastructure could not handle the water flow.

JOHOR BARU: Two retention ponds and a water diversion system will be built to help alleviate the flood problems in Kulai.

Kulai MP Datuk Seri Ong Ka Ting said these were among the immediate measures to be taken to resolve the floods issue plaguing residents of Batu 21 in Kulai for the past 10 years.

The latest floods on Monday affected some 72 businesses and homes, particularly in Taman Nam Tat here, and caused substantial losses.

The retention ponds are to slow the water flow.

“The first retention pond will handle 50% of the water and is expected to be completed by July this year while the second one will handle the remaining half. This is still in the planning stages” he said, adding that the Drainage and Irrigation Department would implement the projects.

Ong, who visited the flood-hit areas yesterday, said the first retention pond cost about RM2.64mil, while the cost of the second one, which would be larger, had not been determined.

The MCA president said the Public Works Department and Kulai Municipal Council would clean drains in the area to ensure that rubbish did not block the water flow.

“We will also ask Tenaga Nasional Berhad to handle the problems caused by the company’s cables which are blocking some of the drains.

“I will have a meeting with TNB and other agencies on Monday to discuss the matter further,” he said.

He stressed that the cooperation of the relevant agencies was vital to solve the problem.

Ong said the floods had been occurring for the past 20 years but became a serious issue in the last 10 years due to development projects as the basic infrastructure could not handle the water flow.

“The floods has caused a lot of hardship for businesses and a lot of financial loss,” he said.

He added that he would work hard with agencies to come up with further ways to improve the drainage system.


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Best of our wild blogs: 27 Mar 08


31 Mar - 1 Apr: Code Blue features our reefs at NUS
a special event on the singapore celebrates our reefs blog

Semakau with Dr Dan and Commonwealth Youths
another glorious day out led by the naked hermit crabs on the nature scouters blog and wildfilms blog and the adventures with the naked hermit crabs blog photos and guestbook sketches, and leafmonkey blog and Dr Stan's Singapore blog.

Honorary Naked Hermit Crab: Prof Dan Rittschof
on the adventures with the naked hermit crabs blog

Seagrasses: I Am a Dugong Ambassador Part 2
on the flying fish friends blog

Dredging and works near Cyrene Reef
on the wildfilms blog

Earth Hour Singapore 2008
what's it all about and what you CAN do to support it on the metroblogging singapore blog. Also on the blooooooooooo blog.

TurnOFFyourLIGHTS
on the nature scouter blog

Jane Goodall Institute in Singapore
on the Asia is Green blog

Feeding fledglings
in the rain on the bird ecology blog

The House Crow
on the manta blog


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