Best of our wild blogs: 13 Jan 08


First Dive of the Year at Pulau Hantu
with marinelife galore! on the colourful clouds blog

Squishy echinoderms of Singapore
but please don't squish them on the singapore celebrates our reefs blog

Wedding without wading into sharks' fins
Many useful tips on the flying fish friends blog

15 of the greenest buildings in the world
not one in singapore :-( on the geek.about.com blog

The Monkey's Land Dilemma
what would Singapore do with lots of land? on the leafmonkey blog

Marathon walk in Singapore's central forests

on the blooo blog and tidechaser blog and manta blog

What will we use for rubbish if we cut down on plastic bags?
your suggestions please on the blooooo blog

Daily Green Actions
a compilation on the leafmonkey blog

What do hornbills eat in Thailand?
on the bird ecology blog


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MM Lee: Who's restricting your freedom?

The New Paper 13 Jan 08;

HIS eyes may have been smiling, but the glint they held reflected a fierce passion for Singapore.

It took a question from a 23-year-old Singaporean Reuters reporter to light the fire MM Lee is famous for.

It is the same question that he has often fielded from Western reporters and it came near the end of the one-hour-15-minute dialogue session at Suntec City ConventionHall.

MM Lee had said he wanted Singapore to become a cultivated society like Italy and Austria in 10 to 15 years.

The Reuters reporter asked: 'How do you expect society to become cultivated given the restricted civil liberties?'

MM Lee fired back: 'Tell me, what are your limited civil liberties?'

The woman said freedom of speech and expression, for instance, 'need(ing) a licence to speak at Hong Lim Park'.

MM Lee said, to laughter from the audience: 'You just put your name, that'sall.'

Speakers must register at the Kreta Ayer Neighbourhood Police Post before they speak.

He asked her again for specific examples where she or her friends' freedom of expression was restricted.

She could not answer.

'What school did you go to?' he asked.

'Why does that matter?' she said indignantly.

'Was anyone suppressing your freedom in school?' MM asked.

She said she was sometimes told not to speak up. Again, MM Lee pressed her for specific examples. He added that a free press is not the answer to all of a country's development problems.

'Don't take what the Western media say about us as true.'


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Malaysians spend to save economy

Hazlin Hassan, Straits Times 13 Jan 08;

Aggressive sales, more malls and pay rise for civil servants take the edge off rising prices

KUALA LUMPUR - SINCE last year, civil servant Khairolyn Ismail has not only been eating more frequently at restaurants but also spending more on each visit.

She also uses her car more often, as compared to the past when she was more reliant on public transport. All because she has more money,said the 29-year-old mother of two.

It is consumers like her with higher disposable incomes and a bigger appetite for spending that the government is depending on to bolster the economy.

Experts are optimistic that strong domestic demand will help Malaysia's economy grow steadily amid a slowdown in the United States economy and global uncertainties for the early part of the year, at least.

Retail figures show that inflation and ever-increasing living costs have not stopped Malaysians from hitting the malls.

Experts attribute the spending spree to: a pay rise which saw some one million civil servants get up to a 35 per cent increase last July; the opening of flashy new shopping centres and aggressive year-end sales.

The pay rise played a major factor, Kenanga Investment Bank head of research Yeonzon Yeow told The Sunday Times. The quantum of consumer loans taken out by civil servants has been growing an average 3 per cent a month since last August.

New malls and super sales have also contributed to the buying spree.

Shopper Madam M.C. Loo, 42, stepping out of a warehouse sale by trendy Spanish clothes label Zara, said: 'I usually spend about RM200 (S$88) to RM300 each time at a warehouse sale, which is actually more than I would usually spend in one go.

'But that's how I save money, by buying things cheaply from these sales.'

Such warehouse sales, selling old stocks of clothes, books, make-up and other goods at rock-bottom prices, have become a trend here in recent years. And they are making even careful shoppers like Madam Loo spend more, helping to drive up consumption.

Industry experts say that an estimated RM70 billion was spent on retail last year, with tourists accounting for 20 to 30 per cent. In 2000, the figure was just over half that amount, at RM38 billion.

It is clear that although the year-end rise in consumption is an annual trend, as Malaysians prepare for the festive season, figures for last year were among the highest ever.

Suria KLCC, located at the base of the Petronas Twin Towers, saw a total of 46 million people spending a record RM2 billion shopping, as at end-November last year.

Sales were up by 15 per cent compared to a year ago, its chief executive officer Andrew Brien told the New Straits Times recently.

The daily said that the amount was the highest level of retail sales registered by retailers within the mall.

Malaysian shoppers now are also more prepared to use their credit cards to make payment. Bank Negara figures reveal that local credit card transactions totalled RM4.75 billion last October, up from RM4.4 billion in September.

But some of that increased spending is attributable to price hikes in items such as flour, sugar and milk, said Mr Michael Hawkins, general manager of TNS Worldpanel, a retail consultancy.

His figures show that inflation rose from 1 per cent in March to 3 per cent in December.

Figures from TNS Worldpanel, which monitors the grocery spending habits of 2,500 households in Malaysia, showed that sales in this area had surged 7.4 per cent from November 2006 to the same month last year.

The rapid expansion of hypermarkets gives Malaysians a wide choice even when it comes to shopping for food and home products.

Last year, Tesco added eight new stores to its existing 11, Carrefour two to its previous 10, and Giant five new stores to its 52.

But expect things to slow down a little in the second half of this year, analysts say. There will be inflationary pressures, with a reduction in fuel and gas subsidies, increase in toll prices and possible higher commodity prices leading to higher food prices.

But this would be offset by government spending, said Mr Yeow. The government is expected to award more contracts in the second half of the year under its economic blueprint, the Ninth Malaysia Plan.

Hopefully, this would in turn buoy private consumption, he said.

The government will also hope that civil servants like Ms Khairolyn will continue splurging.


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Kallang River makeover

Ho Lian-Yi, The New Paper 13 Jan 08;

Viewing decks, giant screws and fun wheel dot Kolam Ayer's new waterfront

THE Kallang River flowed languidly, muddy from the sediment churned up by heavy rains the night before.

Here, where it dissects the heartland estate of Kolam Ayer near Geylang Bahru, is not its most idyllic part.

Bare concrete lines its sides, brown from age. Housing Board flats tower over the water and industrial buildings sit in the distance. Tall cranes on the opposite shore rumble busily, building new HDB flats.

But it is about to get a lot prettier.

PUB, the national water agency, will soon finish its project to bring waterfront living to heartlanders at Kolam Ayer.

A PUB officer, who was showing this reporter around on Wednesday, said: 'This area was chosen as it is near the residents.'

It is part of Active, Beautiful, Clean (ABC) Waters, a programme to transform Singapore's reservoirs, rivers and canals into recreation centres over the next 10 to 15 years.

ABC Waters at Kolam Ayer is part of the programme's first phase, which will be implemented islandwide over the next five years, and includes upgrading Bedok and MacRitchie Reservoirs. Work on the 200m stretch of the river at Kolam Ayer costs $2.5million.

Work started in April 2006. It is expected to be finished in end-February this year.

Already the viewing decks - wooden platforms over the river - are complete.

On the water sat the skeleton of a floating deck, to be paved with wooden boards.

The mostly-finished biotope - an array of vegetation planted along the bank to act as a natural cleansing system for the river - is already giving the budding park a garden feel.

Most eye-catching, at this time, are the three large Archimedes Screws that jab from the park like ridged fingers into the Kallang River.

Made of stainless steel, they are powered by good old human muscle. Turn a wheel and the screw turns, drawing up water that flows into the biotope.

It exists for entertainment and educational purposes, not practical ones, considering the laborious effort it took this reporter to muster up a middling flow.

'This is more for children,' said the PUB officer while showing this reporter around.

The water flows to a large wheel, which is connected to a set of pedals. Work the pedals to make the wheel churn and get a workout.

To find out what residents wanted, PUB invited 120 participants to check out the newest attraction in their neighbourhood last month.

Suggestions included kayaking, carnivals, concerts and mini-gardens, where residents can grow their own plants.

One participant, Mr Ma'il Bin Karchil, 47, is vice-chairman of the Kolam Ayer Community Club Senior Citizens' Executive Committee.

SENSE OF BELONGING

He said the river used to be dirty but it was much cleaner now. ABC Waters at Kolam Ayer, he felt, would give residents a sense of belonging and they would become less likely to throw rubbish into the water.

Mr P Subramaniam, 59, a freelance interpreter, is also enthusiastic and agreed that the park is like bringing a little of the East Coast into the heartland.

'It's a good thing. They should have done (the programme) years ago. At least they're doing it now,' said Mr Subramaniam, who has lived in nearby Geylang Bahru since 1975.

Not everyone was entirely pleased, though. One resident, Mr Sun Wenlong, 70, a former taxi driver, complained that the area did not have enough facilities for old people. He also wondered if there'll be enough space on the river for so many activities.

Still, there is one activity, loved by young and old, that the new park will certainly be used for.

Fishing.

At the charming Kolam Ayer Bridge, two middle-aged fishermen threw their lines.

Half an hour later, a boy cycled by and joined them.

One of the fishermen, Mr Jeffrey Lin, a 47-year-old painter, said in Mandarin: 'There's lots of fish in the water.'

As he spoke, his friend hooked a small silver fish.

'Fishing is fun. When the park is built, it'll be even better,' he said.


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Isolation: It's part and parcel of city life

Straits Times 13 Jan 08;

PEOPLE living in packed cities are so sick of crowds that, when they head home, all they want is to be alone.

When it comes to this, Singaporeans are no different from those living in other densely populated cities, such as Tokyo and New York.

Sociologists said that Singapore is not the only country experiencing the trend of neighbours becoming increasingly isolated from one another.

'In a dense city, you get people in your face all the time, so you learn to value the privacy of your home,' explained sociologist Paulin Straughan.

Dr Straughan, an associate professor with the National University of Singapore, added that Singaporeans often do not poke into their neighbours' lives because they respect their boundaries, and not because they are selfish.

She said: 'If you don't want your neighbours to walk into your house whenever they see you home, you won't do it too.'

Madam Cynthia Phua, an MP for Aljunied GRC, said that, besides keeping to themselves, neighbours are getting into more conflicts.

She said that the designs of newer flats, which have fewer common corridors, also reduce the opportunities that neighbours have to interact.

In fact, a hawker in the vicinity is usually the first to notice when something goes wrong; say, for example, when an elderly person goes missing.

Sociologist Angelique Chan explained it thus: 'Old people tend to have a routine and, when the coffee shop owner doesn't see them for days, they will notice.'

In future, with Singaporeans living longer and on their own, Dr Chan said that the danger of isolation would be 'very high'.

Madam Phua wants more residents to attend community events to get to know their neighbours better.

She said: 'I always say, a good neighbour is better than a thousand relatives.'

Hey neighbour, don't be a stranger
Mavis Toh, Straits Times 13 Jan 08;

A poll of 200 households reveals that up to 20 per cent have never spoken to their neighbours

THEY have been neighbours in the Lentor estate for 20 years but housewife Lin Su Li and the folks next door may as well be living on different planets.

Mrs Lin, 60, knows nothing about the people living just a few metres away - not their names, what they do for a living or even how many actually live in the terrace house.

'Singaporeans are all the same,' she said. 'We keep to ourselves and don't interact with neighbours.'

That is sadly true with a Sunday Times poll of 200 households finding that many Singaporeans are generally not too chummy with the people next door.

Even more disturbing, about 53 per cent said they would 'do nothing' even if they felt something amiss, such as not seeing their neighbours for a long period of time.

The poll mirrored a tragic reality last week when the badly decomposed bodies of 82-year-old Mr Wong Tong Seng and his daughter were found in their Lorong Ah Soo flat.

His 80-year-old wife, Madam Ngai Hong Chee, was in the flat as well, but she was alive.

Neighbours had not seen the family for up to seven weeks but the police were called only when the smell from the home became unbearable.

Neighbours said later that they had assumed the family had been travelling.

More recently, on Friday, a 76-year-old cleaner who lived alone in her Jalan Bukit Ho Swee flat was discovered only two days after she died in her bed.

She was discovered only when her nephew turned up at her flat to check on her after she did not turn up for work for two days.

Lentor resident Ivy Chow, 50, said she would have thought the same if she hadn't seen her neighbours for a long time.

'If they still don't appear after a few months, then I might try knocking on their door,' said the housewife.

Most people feared being labelled a 'busybody' if they 'probed' into a neighbour's affairs.

About 20 per cent of those polled had never even spoken to their neighbours while most would only chat when they bumped into each other at the lift lobby in the corridor.

The survey also found 81 per cent did not have their neighbours' phone numbers and 60 per cent did not even know their neighbours by name. These were consistent across all housing types.

The results also showed some surprising trends.

Residents in one- and two-room flats said the shady characters in their estate had made them more wary, whereas those in landed homes, often regarded as being more private, even have karaoke sessions together.

According to the results, people living in three- to five-room flats are friendly with long-time neighbours while condo dwellers tend to keep to themselves.

Engineer Tan Xin Wei, 28, has been living in her Yio Chu Kang condo for 10 years but knows her immediate neighbour only as 'uncle'.

'I don't say more than a 'hi' or 'bye', so I don't see a need to know their names,' she said. 'Also, I don't want them to know too much about my private life.'

Like Ms Tan, 61 per cent of respondents said chats with neighbours do not go beyond casual greetings.

The chairman of Marsiling Zone 1 residents' committee, Mr Selva Raj, said residents today are more isolated, unlike in the old days when people lived in kampungs. 'In the kampung, everyone knew one another by name,' he said.

Madam Halimah Yacob, an MP for Jurong GRC, said people keep to themselves because they are so busy.

She also noted that families with young children are more likely to attend community events and mingle.

Serangoon resident Png Siew Chin, 43, also noted that children and pets help break down the barriers.

Mrs Png, who has three young children and a dog, said most of her neighbourhood pals are mothers or dog lovers.

'When I take my dog to the park, we'll just start talking,' she said. 'My children also go to my neighbour's house and play with the kids.'

Mr Raj encouraged neighbours to interact more because they would be each other's first source of help in an emergency.

Just ask Hougang resident Rebecca Kok, 55. Her neighbour Veronica was a lifesaver.

It was Veronica who noticed how pale Mrs Kok appeared one day and insisted on taking her to the doctor. The doctor quickly referred Mrs Kok to a hospital where she was diagnosed with a mild stroke.

While Mrs Kok's husband, Boon Leong, 56, rushed to the hospital from work, it was Veronica who stayed by her side. Now, when Mr Kok and his two sons are at work and school, neighbours cook meals for Mrs Kok.

'I'm really thankful for the neighbours' help,' said Mr Kok. 'If not for them, I'll worry about my wife when she's home alone.'


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Singapore: Severe oyster shortage due to tainted China shipments

Shucks, no oysters in my omelette?
Severe shortage due to tainted China shipments rejected by AVA
Tara Tan & Jamie Ee Wen Wei, Straits Times 13 Jan 08;

SOME hawker centres are taking oyster delicacies off the menu because a tough crackdown by hygiene watchdogs is severely curbing supplies from China.

About 80 per cent of all oyster imports were rejected last year, leaving eateries with desperate shortages.

Hawkers at Newton, Bedok and Old Airport Road centres said supplies would last for at most a week or two. Most hawkers The Sunday Times spoke to said they had been relying on frozen stock that they had stockpiled.

Mr Patrick Tan, 22, stopped serving oyster omelette at his Marine Parade stall yesterday after his supply ran out.

He used to sell about 40 plates of oyster omelette a day - that meant earnings of about $150 - but now he sticks to his other dishes.

Some hawkers are even looking at alternatives for their recipes.

Mr Jeffrey Lim, 50, who serves oyster omelette at Bedok, said: 'I am asking customers if they don't mind having prawns instead.'

Shih Lin Taiwan Street Snack, famous for its handmade oyster mee sua, has switched to scallop and more shredded chicken.

The oysters - about 139.5 tonnes - were rejected by the Agri-Food and Veterinary Authority (AVA) last year because of noroviruses, which cause food poisoning.

Noroviruses are found in either food contaminated with faeces from an infected person or in polluted waters.

Importer Lee Tak Seng of TS Frozen Foods said his business has dipped at least 20 per cent because of the crackdown.

The AVA has suggested that importers look at other sources such as Australia and New Zealand.

But importers say these markets are pricier than China and the meat would be too expensive for local hawkers.

Mr Lee described this as the worst period he has seen in his 10 years in the trade.

In the past months, he has had to dump 10,000kg of oysters and has tried to send back another shipment of 20,000kg to his suppliers in China.

'It's been crazy, I have to pay duties both ways when I try to send back stuff - one consignment costs me at least $70,000,' he said.

Some hawkers, including Mr Tan Ah Piang, 65, went to the AVA on Wednesday to ask for leniency. But the AVA said food safety is its primary concern and it cannot approve products that are unsafe.

But it did assure the hawkers that it will speed up checks to allow them to get their oysters earlier.

AVA spokesman Goh Shih Yong also told importers: 'They should look at other sources for supply if the consignments that come from the same country always fail to pass the test.'

The high incidence of infection last year is in stark contrast with 2006, when only 6 per cent of frozen oyster imports failed AVA tests.

Mr Goh added: 'Yes, there is a definite shortage. But we consider food safety of paramount importance.

'Oysters are considered high-risk foods. So we test each and every batch coming in.'


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Japan vows to continue whaling, despite Greenpeace chase

ABC News 12 Jan 08;

Japan has defended its plans to kill up to 1,000 whales in the Southern Ocean despite the interception of its fleet by Greenpeace.

Greenpeace protest ship the Esperanza located the fleet in the Southern Ocean early this morning and the environmental group has vowed to stop the Japanese fleet from killing any whales.

But Japan Foreign Ministry spokesman Tomohiko Tanaguchi says the annual whale hunt is not breaking international law and has urged the protesters not to use violence.

"According to the International Whaling Commission, scientific research is perfectly legal and the Japanese fleet is engaged in the legal activities," he said.

Greenpeace said they contacted the Japanese fleet and made it clear they would not threaten the crew.

Mr Tanaguchi says the whaling will go ahead regardless of the pursuit.

Earlier, Federal Government spokesman Chris Bowen urged Greenpeace members on board Esperanza to be cautious.

"The people actually at the site, on the high seas, need to be very careful," he said.

"They need to exercise restraint because their own personal safety is at risk, and the personal safety of others is at risk.

"The Government's very concerned that nobody puts themselves in harm's way unnecessarily."

Greenpeace says it has not yet had contact with the Federal Government since it intercepted the fleet.

Federal Government ship the Ocean Viking will be monitoring the whaling fleet and is expected to reach the scene in the next few days.


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South Korean police seize tonnes of whale meat: official

Yahoo News 12 Jan 08;

Police have broken an illegal whale poaching racket, confiscating more than 50 tonnes of Minke meat in the largest seizure of its kind in South Korea, an official said Saturday.

Police said they had raided two warehouses in the southeastern port of Ulsan where the refrigerated meat from some 60 Minke whales was found in boxes.

Some 70 people including fishermen, distributors and operators of 46 whale meat restaurants have been brought in for questioning, police said.

"This investigation is still underway. We're not in a position to release further details," a police detective in Ulsan told AFP by phone.

Whale meat can be legally sold in South Korea if the animals were caught by accident in fishing nets in what is known here as a "bycatch."

Each bycatch needs to be reported to the government, with marine police inspecting the whales to determine whether they were caught accidentally or deliberately. Intentional catches are punishable with a jail term of up to three years or a fine of 20 million won (21,000 dollars).

Fishermen report accidentally snaring some 200 whales every year. But with Minke whales fetching 35 million won (37,000 dollars), environmentalists say fishermen have a powerful incentive to seek out the mammals.

They suspect some 400 whales are actually caught annually and consumed in South Korea, meaning some 200 are unreported to authorities.

Primitive skills are still used for whaling in South Korea, the Joongang daily said Saturday, with three one-tonne boats, each with three fishermen on board, operating together to hunt down the animals.

One crew is responsible for the killing, the daily said, by harpooning the whale which then drags the boat around until it tires and bleeds to death.

The other crews then help butcher the animal at sea and smuggle the meat onto shore, the Joongang daily said.


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Boat spills 100 tons of fuel in Vietnam river: report

Yahoo News 12 Jan 08;

More than 100 tons of petrol and kerosene spilled into a Vietnamese waterway after two vessels collided last week, an official said Saturday, in the latest case of growing industrial pollution.

About 40,000 litres of petrol, 70,000 litres of kerosene and a load of construction material contaminated the Vam Co Dong river south of Ho Chi Minh City after the accident, a local official said.

"We recovered several dozen litres of fuel," Nguyen Van Thuan, head of the Long An provincial Natural Resources and Environment Department, told AFP. "The cause of the collision is still unknown."

Environmental experts and the country's communist government have raised concern about the heavy pollution of rivers by industrial parks arising from former rice fields amid the country's 8.5 percent annual economic growth.

Contamination of the Saigon River, which flows through the industrial hub and main port of Ho Chi Minh City, "has risen alarmingly due to massive industrial and domestic discharges," the Thanh Nien daily reported this week.

Tests by HCMC University of Technology and Japanese researchers have shown heavy metal and bacterial pollution far above safe levels, the newspaper said.

Bui Thanh Giang, head of a utility that treats the river water for Ho Chi Minh City's water supply, said industrial parks and residential areas pumped untreated effluent into the waterway and its tributaries, the report said.

Vietnam's Ministry of Natural Resources and the Environment, in its first ever river pollution report last year, highlighted industrial and medical waste pollution in the northern Cau and Nhue-Day and the southern Dong Nai rivers.


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Debris another culprit harming marine life in Puget Sound

Lost fishing gear, creosote pilings add to dangers
Lisa Stiffler, Seattle Post-Intelligencer 11 Jan 08;

Lost fishing nets are deathtraps.

In a single week, a gillnet lost near the San Juan Islands killed: one harbor seal, 68 red rock and kelp crabs, 30 spiny dogfish sharks, 25 sockeye and five chinook salmon, 30 rockfish, 40 kelp greenlings, 90 flatfish, 110 spotted ratfish and 30 ling cod.

Creosote pilings are stealthier killers.

The chemicals that keep marine worms and other pests at bay are fatal to herring eggs. The saturated wood will leach its toxic chemicals for half a century, causing fatal mutations in the developing eggs even at low levels of exposure. Its deadly effects on other creatures are less well-known.

While polluted mud and stormwater grab headlines, Puget Sound's restoration efforts also are targeting the macroscopic junk trashing the marine environment. And they're making a difference.

In the past five years, 631 derelict fishing nets and 1,256 commercial and sport crab pots were pulled from the Sound. In the past three years, 1,200 tons of creosote-soaked driftwood and 2,000 tons of pilings were cleaned up.

"It really has been a rewarding project," said Lisa Kaufman, creosote cleanup lead with the state Department of Natural Resources.

"People can't see mercury contamination. People can see this," she said, standing among logs and blocks of wood oozing creosote on the shores of Myrtle Edwards Park near Seattle's Olympic Sculpture Park.

On Thursday and Friday, about eight workers with the department and the nonprofit group EarthCorps sorted through the driftwood, pulling out wood infused with creosote or other toxic preservatives. They sniffed weathered pieces for the characteristically sweet, oily stench of creosote. Larger chunks were hauled out using "log tongs" that encircled the wood and were attached to a wooden handle. Workers grabbed each side of the handle to haul them out.

It's tough to pinpoint the source of the polluted wood. Some are the tops of dock pilings, lopped off and left to float away. There are telephone poles and railroad ties -- whose prevalence led to talks with the railroad company to get them to stop the dumping, Kaufman said.

The two-day Seattle project was part of a Sound-wide cleanup led by the Department of Natural Resources. From 2002 until next year, the department has received $6 million to do creosote cleanup. Many beaches need to be revisited again and again, but new docks mostly are being built with noncreosote, environmentally friendly materials so the need for cleanups should decrease.

While the treated poles kill some species, others -- particularly colorful frilly anemones -- call them home. That's led some in the scuba community to worry about a loss of diving spots as the pilings are pulled.

"We care about Puget Sound and want to do the right thing, but we want to continue to dive and have places to dive," said Mike Racine, president of Washington Scuba Alliance. He hopes government agencies will fill the gap by improving access to other spots, such as public beaches.

"If we can't figure out how to work together on an issue as easy and simple as this, we will never get to the point of working together on really, really thorny issues like stormwater runoff and growth and development," Racine said. "This is a perfect opportunity to learn how to play well together."

No one's objecting to the removal of derelict nets and crab pots.

"It's a significant threat to some marine resources, and it's so indiscriminate (in what it kills)," said Ginny Broadhurst, director of the Northwest Straits Commission, a government-funded agency that is leading the net removal effort.

Fishermen and divers are encouraged to report lost gear through a no-fault reporting system. Trained divers cut the nets loose and stuff them into float bags that rise to the surface.

A recent analysis found the project was cost-effective based on the market value of the fish and shellfish being killed. It concluded that $1,325 per net and $55 per crab pot was saved.

Declines in commercial fishing and new technology that helps fishermen avoid reefs and other features that snag nets has reduced the amount of gear being lost. The goal is to get nearly all of the nets removed by 2012, at a cost of about $5 million.

It's a step in the right direction to revitalizing the Sound.

"Puget Sound has a variety of ailments, and some of them are seemingly invisible, but marine debris is tangible and visible, and it's also causing harm," Broadhurst said. "We recognize that we need to tackle the whole thing. This is one piece we're focusing on."


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Fort Lauderdale told to dim beach lights to protect sea turtles

Trenton Daniel, Miami Herald 12 Jan 08;

A conflict between city and state over "turtle-friendly" lighting could jeopardize thousands of endangered sea turtles less than two months before the nesting season starts.

From March 1 to Oct. 31, cities are required by law to use low-wattage lights that are near the ground and not visible from the beach -- a measure meant to save turtles' lives.

Experts say the hatchlings of species such as loggerheads, green and leatherback sea turtles mistake artificial lights for sunlight and wander inland instead of toward the sea, where cars run over them and predators eat them.

If the lighting causes harm or injury to the turtles, the city could be prosecuted for failing to comply with a state marine turtle protection act and the U.S. Endangered Species Act of 1973.

Now, the state wants Fort Lauderdale to redo the lights in its famous two-mile "wave wall" along State Road A1A, but city leaders say the price is too steep.

In a Jan. 4 letter, the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission suggested the city install a different kind of lighting in the wave wall, Fort Lauderdale's signature beachfront feature, constructed in the 1990s.

That could take months and cost thousands, said Ted Lawson, a City Hall spokesman.

Also, it could mean digging up the wall.

"It wouldn't be Fort Lauderdale" without the wave wall, Lawson said. "They have offered us no quick fix. That's why we're trying to come up with our own."

The city's proposal to put hoods or "canvas shields" over some 200 street poles along the thoroughfare at a cost of $20,000 may not work, said Robbin N. Trindell, biological administrator for the wildlife commission.

Even though they may be shaded, it is unlikely that the lights can be illuminated during nesting season "without impacting nesting females and hatchlings on the adjacent beach," Trindell wrote in her Jan. 4 letter to the city.

"It could be problematic for these particular lights to again be lit during nesting season."

Last year, Fort Lauderdale simply turned off the harsh lights along the east side of the street after running out of options to meet state standards.

The Florida Department of Transportation and Florida Power & Light followed suit and shut off lights on the west side.

"It was crisis management," Trindell said. "The city did not have time to get alternative lights set up."

The sudden darkness last year raised the fears of nearby residents that it would bring a crime wave, something that Fort Lauderdale police have not reported.

Still the dark street gave some residents the jitters.

"You're in total, total darkness," early-morning jogger Teri Merritt said. "As the summer went on, I ran -- stepped -- over somebody who was passed out on the sidewalk. Another time, one man was showering in his underwear.

"I do know we need to do something," Merritt said.

Broward turtle conservationists formerly relocated nests to darker spots. But they stopped the practice last year after experts said that did more harm than good.

City officials admit they're worried about running out of time once again.

"We're trying to come up with our own solution," Lawson said. "We need something temporary. We need something immediate."

Both FDOT and FPL have plans to fix their lights to save the turtles.

FDOT will retrofit its lights on the west side of A1A to aim them at the sidewalk. The wildlife commission has accepted that plan.

FPL also is planning to attach shields to 27 lights, FPL spokeswoman Sarah Marmion said.

A handful of other cities along the coast have found a way to come up with ways to save the turtles.

In Hallandale Beach, city workers spent the past two years changing lights on city-owned buildings and walkways on beachfront parks.

"It wasn't a real big deal to us," said Gary Gibson, landscape superintendent for the city's public works department. "We're not Fort Lauderdale, either."


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Dragonfly 'should be climate change indicator' in the UK

Brian Unwin, The Telegraph 11 Jan 08;

Dragonflies should be officially rated as key indicators of climate change in Britain after a decade of dramatic alteration in the status and distribution of some species.

That's the view of three experts who argue that these top-of the-range insects - which need warm weather to survive, hence their greatest diversity in tropical regions - can provide valuable evidence about rising temperatures and the impact on the environment.

"So much has happened to dragonflies in Britain since the 1990s that there is a most compelling case for the Government to adopt them as indicators of climate change", said Steve Brooks, a London Natural History Museum research entomologist with a special interest in the response of freshwater insects to climate change.

He teamed up with Adrian Parr, migration recorder for the British Dragonfly Society (BDS) and Peter Mill, the BDS chairman and retired Reader in Invertebrate Zoology at Leeds University, to make the point in a report published in the latest edition of the journal British Wildlife.

They point out that birds and butterflies have been adopted by the British Government as indicators of biodiversity and that the European Environment Agency proposes to follow this policy.

As a result their response to climate change is being monitored, but there are sound reasons why dragonflies are "at least as well suited" for the indicator role.

They stress that in temperate climates, adults require moderately warm conditions to enable flight and the rate of development of larvae under water is also affected by temperature. Frosts affect the larvae of some species, such as the small red damselfly (Ceriagrion tenellum), a factor limiting their northern distribution.

"Dragonflies certainly complement birds and butterflies, not least because a significant part of the dragonfly's life-cycle is completed in freshwater. Understanding the response of freshwater organisms to climate change complements the response of terrestrial groups," the report states.

"Nevertheless, adult dragonflies are strongly influenced by air temperatures, so dragonflies can provide an integrated response to climate change, reflecting both aquatic and terrestrial environments, a unique attribute when compared with butterflies and birds."

While the general trend has involved dragonflies that were previously unknown in Britain turning up and even colonising southern areas and existing residents expanding their range northwards, rising temperatures are not going to benefit all 39 breeding species.

Four of these species do not occur in southern Britain and are thought to be specially adapted to living in colder northern regions. Three of them - azure hawker (Aeshna caerulea), northern emerald (Somatochlora arctica) and northern damselfly (Coenagrion hastulatum) - are found only in Scotland.

Their distribution near the top end of the country means limited potential for a northward shift in response to milder weather so there is concern they may suffer range contraction.

Small red-eyed damselfly (Erythromma viridulum) provides one of the most vivid examples of distribution change. Previously unknown in the UK, the first recorded appearance was in Essex in 1999, and the species has since spread to many South East areas. It has been recorded through East Anglia north to The Wash and westwards across the Midlands.

Its range expansion, continuing a late 20th century northward spread in Europe, has been so rapid the report authors suspect it is not completely climate influenced.

"Most parts of southern and western Britain may already be suitable for it climatically.

"The rate of its initial expansion is more likely to be regulated by how rapidly it can colonise already suitable habitats. Once all suitable habitats are colonised, then we may see that its northern distributional limit is climate-related and further expansion slows down as it begins to track an expanding climate envelope."

Milder weather has enabled several formerly southern Britain-based breeding species to move into suitable habitats further north. Since 2001 two species, migrant hawker (Aeshna mixta) and emperor dragonfly (Anax imperator), have appeared in Ireland for the first time and two more, ruddy darter (Sympetrum sanguineum) and hairy dragonfly, (Brachytron pratense), have made north-west England debuts.


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Bering Sea may not remain productive fishery by 2100 due to ocean warming

The Cheers 12 Jan 08;

Ecologists have predicted that the Bering Sea, which is one of the world's most productive fisheries, would be unsustainable by the year 2100 because of warmer ocean surfaces with increased levels of carbon dioxide.

Experiments done by researchers from University of Southern California (USC) also point towards the fact that the ecosystem in the Bering Sea would change considerably by the next century.

As part of the experiments, the researchers collected the algae samples from the Bering Sea's central basin and the southeastern continental shelf.

"The experiments we did up there definitely suggest that the changing ecosystem may support less of what we're harvesting-things like pollock and hake," said USC marine ecologist Dave Hutchins.

According to Hutchins, while the study must be interpreted cautiously, its implications are harrowing, especially since the Bering Sea is already showing signs of warming.

"It's warmer, marine mammals and birds are having massive die-offs, there are invasive species-in general, it's changing to a more temperate ecosystem that's not going to be as productive," he said.

The crux of the study was examining how climate change is adversely affecting algal communities of phytoplankton, the heart of marine food webs.

Phytoplankton use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide into carbon-based food. As small fish eat the plankton and bigger fish eat the smaller fish, an entire ecosystem develops, which is the reason why the Bering Sea is highly productive because of the presence of diatoms, a large type of phytoplankton.

But, from the research, the scientists found that greenhouse conditions favored smaller types of phytoplankton over diatoms. Such a shift would ripple up the food chain because as diatoms become scarce, animals that eat diatoms would become scarce, and so forth.

A shift away from diatoms towards smaller phytoplankton could also undermine a key climate regulator called the "biological pump."

When diatoms die, their heavier carbon-based remains sink to the seafloor. This creates a "pump" whereby diatoms transport carbon from the atmosphere into deep-sea storage, where it remains for at least 1,000 years.

"While smaller species often fix more carbon, they end up re-releasing CO2 in the surface ocean rather than storing it for long periods as the diatom-based community can do," Hutchins explained.

This scenario could make the ocean less able to soak up atmospheric carbon dioxide.

"Right now, the ocean biology is sort of on our side," said Hutchins. "About 50 percent of fossil fuel emissions since the industrial revolution is in the ocean, so if we didn't have the ocean, atmospheric CO2 would be roughly twice what it is now," he added. (ANI)


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WWF, Abu Dhabi unveil plans for sustainable city

WWF 13 Jan 08;

London, January 13: WWF and the government of Abu Dhabi today launched a Sustainability Strategy to deliver the world’s greenest city.

Masdar City will be the world’s first zero-carbon, zero-waste, car-free city, meeting or exceeding a set of stringent sustainability goals established under the “One Planet Living” programme established by WWF and environmental consultancy BioRegional.

In a first for a city scale project, Masdar City's delivery on these targets is to be the subject of independent and public assessment. Another key undertaking differentiating Masdar City is the commitment to minimise any ec will be the world’s first zero-carbon, zero-waste, car-free city. Through the “One Planet Living™” programme, a global initiative launched by WWF and environmental consultancy BioRegional, WWF will work with Masdar to ensure the city meets standards of sustainability which include specific targets for the city’s ecological footprint.

Masdar City plans to exceed the criteria of the programme, making it a global benchmark for sustainable urban development. Masdar's delivery on these targets will be independently and publicly verified, a point of distinction with developments outside the One Planet Living framework.

The electricity for the six square kilometre city will be generated by photovoltaic panels, while cooling will be provided via concentrated solar power. Water will be provided through a solar-powered desalination plant. Landscaping within the city and crops grown outside the city will be irrigated with grey water and treated waste water produced by the city’s water treatment plant. Ground breaks for the construction of the city in early 2008.

The city is part of the Masdar Initiative, Abu Dhabi’s multi-faceted investment in the exploration, development and commercialisation of future energy sources and clean technology solutions. A model of Masdar City will be unveiled on January 21, at the World Future Energy Summit in Abu Dhabi.

Jean-Paul Jeanrenaud, Director of WWF International’s One Planet Living initiative, said, ”Today Abu Dhabi is embarking on a journey to become the global capital of the renewable energy revolution. Abu Dhabi is the first hydrocarbon-producing nation to have taken such a significant step towards sustainable living.

“Masdar is an example of the paradigm shift that is needed and the strategic vision of the Abu Dhabi government is a case study in global leadership. We hope that Masdar City will prove that sustainable living can be affordable and attractive in all aspects of human living – from businesses and manufacturing facilities to universities and private homes.”

Dr. Sultan al Jaber, CEO of the Masdar Initiative, said, “Masdar City will question conventional patterns of urban development, and set new benchmarks for sustainability and environmentally friendly design – the students, faculty and businesses located in Masdar City will not only be able to witness innovation first-hand, but they will also participate in its development.”

“We are pleased to be able to work with One Planet Living to make our vision a reality,” he said.

Pooran Desai OBE, co-founder of BioRegional and Technical Director of the One
Planet Living Communities programme, said Masdar would be the largest and one of the most advanced sustainable communities in the world.


“The vision of One Planet Living is a world where people everywhere can lead happy, healthy lives within their fair share of the Earth’s resources. Masdar gives us a breathtaking insight into this positive, alternative future.

“In realising the goal of a sustainable future, Masdar is committed to achieving the One Planet Living Program’s Ten Guiding Principles, covering issues that range from how waste is dealt with to the energy performance of the buildings.”

The One Planet Living programme is based on 10 unique principles of sustainability. Masdar City will meet and exceed each of these, as detailed below.

These targets are to be achieved by the time the Masdar City is completed and fully functioning in 2012.

One Planet Living principle Masdar Target

ZERO CARBON 100 per cent of energy supplied by renewable energy – Photovoltaics, concentrated solar power, wind, waste to energy and other technologies

ZERO WASTE 99 per cent diversion of waste from landfill (includes waste reduction measures, re-use of waste wherever possible, recycling, composting, waste to energy)

SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT Zero carbon emissions from transport within the city; implementation of measures to reduce the carbon cost of journeys to the city boundaries (through facilitating and encouraging the use of public transport, vehicle sharing, supporting low emissions vehicle initiatives)

SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS Specifying high recycled materials content within building products; tracking and encouraging the reduction of embodied energy within material sand throughout the construction process; specifying the use of sustainable materials such as Forest Stewardship Council certified timber, bamboo and other products
SUSTAINABLE FOOD Retail outlets to meet targets for supplying organic food and sustainable and or fair trade products

SUSTAINABLE WATER Per capita water consumption to be at least 50 per cent less than the national average; all waste water to be re-used

HABITATS AND WILDLIFE All valuable species to be conserved or relocated with positive mitigation targets

CULTURE AND HERITAGE Architecture to integrate local values.

EQUITY AND FAIR TRADE Fair wages and working conditions for all workers (including construction) as defined by international labour standards

HEALTH AND HAPPINESS Facilities and events for every demographic group

In June 2007, Masdar City received the first World Clean Energy Award from the Transatlantic21 Association in Basel, Switzerland. In September 2007, the city’s design was voted “Sustainable Region/ City of the Year” at Euromoney and Ernst & Young’s Global Renewable Energy Awards.

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Survey shows eco-warriors are worst polluters

The Telegraph 13 Jan 08;

A survey of travel habits has revealed that the most environmentally conscious people are also the biggest polluters.

"Green" consumers have some of the biggest carbon footprints because they are still hooked on flying abroad or driving their cars while their adherence to the green cause is mostly limited to small gestures.

Identified as "eco-adopters", they are most likely to be members of an environmental organisation, buy green products such as detergents, recycle and have a keen interest in green issues.

But the survey of 25,000 people, by the market research company Target Group Index, found that eco-adopters are seven per cent more likely than the general population to take flights, and four per cent more likely to own a car. The survey found similar trends in France and the United States.

Geoff Wicken, the author of the report, pointed to David Cameron, the Conservative leader, as a classic eco-adopter because despite styling himself as a green warrior he also takes flights in private helicopters and planes.


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New clashes in Sardinia as Naples garbage flows in

Reuters 12 Jan 08;

ROME (Reuters) - Six protesters were arrested in Sardinia on Saturday after a second night of clashes with Italian police over tons of trash that were shipped to the Mediterranean island from Naples to ease a garbage crisis there.

Around 1,000 protesters in Cagliari, Sardinia's capital, burned garbage containers, threw rocks at police and dumped trash bags outside the villa of regional governor Renato Soru, whom they criticize for agreeing to take some of Naples' waste.

A police spokeswoman said eight policemen were slightly injured, adding the protest had subsided early on Saturday.

Sardinia, a popular holiday destination, was the first region to heed a call from Prodi for local authorities nationwide to help ease the crisis in and around Naples, where 140,000 tons of rotting garbage piled up in the streets after all dumps filled up.

On a trip to Malta, Prime Minister Romano Prodi condemned the violence, saying he thought "very badly" of the protesters.

"The government cannot tolerate that this problem remains unsolved," he told reporters, saying everyone had a duty of solidarity towards Naples. "This emergency is a shame for the whole of Italy."

The first shipments of trash arrived in Sardinia late on Thursday, sparking scuffles between locals and police.

Other parts of Italy, such as Sicily, have now reluctantly agreed to take some of the trash mountains and in Naples the army is helping clear up the streets.

The Naples crisis is an embarrassment for Prodi and his centre-left coalition, which runs the city and the surrounding Campania region. Thousands of people marched through the city this week and one suburb became a lawless no-go area at night.

European Commission President Jose Manuel Barroso will discuss the situation with Prodi later on Saturday. The EU is closely following the dispute and an official said Brussels could speed up legal proceedings it has already launched against Rome over waste management if there is no quick improvement.

Naples has been in a state of emergency over waste disposal, a business in which the local mafia is heavily involved, for 14 years.

Prodi this week appointed a former national police chief as "trash tsar" and gave him four months to solve the crisis. But a huge incinerator in the Naples area that had been due to open last year may not come on line until 2009.

(Reporting by Giselda Vagnoni in Malta and Roberto Bonzio in Milan; Editing by Alison Williams)


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Global warming impact on rising seas may be overstated

The Telegraph 10 Jan 08;

Scientists have discovered that glaciers survived for hundreds of thousands of years during an era when crocodiles roamed the Arctic, reports Roger Highfield

The most pessimistic predictions of sea level rises as ice sheets are melted by global warming may have to be scaled back as a result of an extraordinary discovery that ice persisted when the Earth was much hotter than today.

Scientists have discovered that glaciers survived for hundreds of thousands of years during an extraordinary era when crocodiles roamed the Arctic and the tropical Atlantic Ocean was as warm as human blood.

They had thought that Earth was ice free during the so called Turonian period, a "super greenhouse world" between 93.5 million and 89.3 million years ago. But now evidence has been found of hothouse glaciers that persisted by studies of tiny plankton and other marine organisms.

Large ice-sheets existed about 91 million years ago, during one of the warmest periods in the past 500 million years, an international team of scientists reports in Science.

The scientists from the UK, Germany, USA and Netherlands found evidence of an approximate 200,000 year period of widespread glaciation, with ice sheets about 60 per cent the size of the modern Antarctic ice cap.

The team obtained their evidence from analyses of organic carbon-rich sediments that were deposited in the western Equatorial Atlantic at Demerara Rise off Surinam at that time. They contained glassy carbonate shells of tiny sea creatures, foraminifera. These shells 'captured' the chemical conditions that were present at the time, providing clues about the temperature, composition and salinity of the seawater in the hot tub oceans.

By analysing the different types of oxygen atoms (isotopes) in these shells scientists were able to reconstruct sea temperature, both at the surface and at depth. Meanwhile, a European team at the Universities of Newcastle and Cologne in the UK and Germany, and the Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research in the Netherlands studied the composition of organic molecules from other organisms in the sediments, providing an independent temperature record of surface waters for the Cretaceous western tropical Atlantic.

Professor Thomas Wagner, of Newcastle University, says: "Speculation about whether large ice caps could have formed during short periods of the Earth's warmest interval has a long history in geology and climate research, but there has never been final conclusive evidence. Our research from tropical marine sediments provides strong evidence that large ice sheets indeed did exist for short periods of the Cretaceous, despite the fact that the world was a much hotter place than it is today, or is likely to be in the near future',

Today, the Antarctic ice cap stores enough water to raise sea level by about 60 metres if the whole mass melted and flowed back into the ocean. But the new results are consistent with independent evidence that sea level fell by about 25-40 metres at this time. Sea level is known to fall as water is removed from the oceans to build continental ice-sheets and to rise as ice melts and returns to the sea.

Dr André Bornemann, who led the research at Scripps Institute of Oceanography, University of California, and who has since moved to Leipzig University, Germany, says it is not clear where such a large mass of ice could have existed when the Earth was so hot or how ice growth could have started. 'This study demonstrates that even these super-warm climates were not warm enough to always prevent ice growth.

"However, paradoxically past greenhouse climates may actually have aided ice growth by increasing the amount of moisture in the atmosphere and creating more winter snowfall at high elevations and high latitudes,' he said.

The findings support for another related study from The University of Sheffield and Yale University in the journal, Nature Geoscience which suggested there could still be cold spells in a general greenhouse world.

Although such work might someday help researchers to better evaluate global warming on geological timescales, Dr Bornemann emphasised global climate change is now happening on a completely different, much more rapid, time scale.


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Cellulosic ethanol: Next-generation biofuels edge to center

Timothy Gardner, Reuters 12 Jan 08;

NEW YORK (Reuters) - The quest by executives and venture capitalists to build a next-generation biofuels industry has made strides this year as oil reached $100 a barrel and the world's largest energy consumer laid down ambitious new mandates for alternative fuels.

Prices for the agricultural commodities that traditional biofuels are made from have soared to historic levels in recent months on global demand for both fuels and food, driving up all grain prices and hurting customers ranging from Mexican peasants to U.S. beer makers.

The price of corn, the traditional U.S. feedstock for ethanol, has hit an 11-year high, while soy, the country's main ingredient in biodiesel, set a record this week, adding further incentives to kick-start non-food sources for alternative fuels.

Cellulosic ethanol, a fuel that can be made from grasses and wood pulp, holds promise, but the first trickle of that fuel into the ocean of global motor fuel is not expected for at least four years.

"I think cellulosic ethanol will come. The question is how high will the price of food crops have to go before it becomes profitable to use new materials to make new fuels," said Lester Brown, the president of the Earth Policy Institute, who had predicted last year that corn prices would spike.

The Reuters Global Agriculture and Biofuels Summit, to be held in the Americas, Asia, and Europe on January 14 and 15, will explore these issues and more, including production wars between the world's biggest ethanol producers, and the struggles for profits between them and oil refiners.

The chief executive of the No. 1 U.S. ethanol company, Poet, and an executive from Archer Daniels Midland (ADM.N: Quote, Profile, Research) are scheduled to give their outlooks at the summit.

Versun Energy Corp (VSE.N: Quote, Profile, Research), which is merging with U.S. BioEnergy Corp (USBE.O: Quote, Profile, Research) to become the country's largest ethanol company, is also lined up to participate, along with Brazil's state oil company, Petrobras.

MANDATES

The new U.S. energy law signed by President George W. Bush late last month calls for output of ethanol made from corn to peak in 2015 and for new advanced biofuels to begin growing in overdrive that year.

By 2022, production of U.S. biofuels made from new sources -- even garbage that contains carbon -- is mandated to overtake output of corn ethanol, and the law calls for the country to boost overall blending of biofuels five-fold to 36 billion gallons per year.

Studies have found that switchgrass, expected to be a leading fuel source for cellulosic ethanol, could cut greenhouse gas emissions much more than gasoline and fuels made from corn and sugar. But the price of cellulosic ethanol is currently about double the price of corn-based ethanol. Whether companies can cut the costs is uncertain.

"Corn is still going to be grown to make ethanol. Whether (cellulosic) ever takes a chunk of crop land away from corn is all going to come down to economics," said Ken Vogel, a researcher for the U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Nagging questions linger about the wisdom of pushing the land harder over the next few years to fuel more vehicles, whether with industrial corn in the United States or palm oil in Asia.

And other countries, such as Argentina, Colombia, and the Democratic Republic of Congo, are beginning to take part in the boom.

The sky high grain prices threaten a recovery in profit margins this year for making corn ethanol. The smaller biodiesel industry may see new bankruptcies and closures.

But is cellulosic ethanol the answer?

Touted as ideal to grow on marginal lands where food crops can't be grown, it has received criticism from ecologists who say growing crops on such lands will lead to massive soil erosion.

(Editing by Walter Bagley)


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