WWF says China's wild tigers face extinction

Yahoo News 19 Jan 10;

BEIJING (AFP) – The World Wildlife Fund warned on Tuesday that the wild tiger faced extinction in China after having been decimated by poaching and the destruction of its natural habitat.

"If there are no urgent measures taken, there is a high risk that the wild tiger will go extinct," Zhu Chunquan, conservation director of biodiversity at WWF China, said ahead of the start of the Year of the Tiger on February 14.

Zhu said that China's State Forestry Administration (SFA) estimated there were only around 50 tigers left in the nation's wilderness.

"Globally, WWF estimates that if poaching and other threats continue, there are around 30 years left until tigers go extinct," he told AFP.

Loss and degradation of the tigers' habitat in China and poaching of the animals as well as their prey -- or source of food -- were behind the rapid disappearance of the animal, he added.

The SFA says around 20 Siberian tigers remain in China's northeast, 20 Bengal tigers in Tibet, and 10 Indochinese tigers in the southwest of the nation.

"As for the South China tiger, after the late 1970s, there has been no concrete evidence to show that there are any left," Zhu said.

In the 1950, about 4,000 of the South China variety roamed China, he said.

The WWF says on its website that the tiger is one of the top 10 species to watch in 2010, pointing out that there may be just 3,200 of the animals left globally in the wild.

China banned international trade in tiger bones and related products in 1993, Zhu said, but preventing all poaching and illegal trade remains a challenge.

Authorities in the Asian nation have in the past meted out heavy punishment to those found guilty of killing the endangered species.

In December, a man who shot dead an Indochinese tiger was sentenced to 12 years in prison and fined 580,000 yuan (85,000 dollars).

Zhu urged the Chinese government to raise awareness of the issue, by pushing people not to hunt the tiger's typical prey, which include wild boar and deer.

He added that local communities should be encouraged to find alternatives to livelihoods such as timber harvesting, as these activities contributed to the degradation and loss of the tiger's habitat.

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Giant, leaping Asian carp threaten US Great Lakes

Mira Oberman Yahoo News 20 Jan 10;

CHICAGO (AFP) – Huge Asian carp, which act like "aquatic vacuum cleaners" and leap into the air when spooked by motorboats, may have invaded the US Great Lakes despite a massive effort to block them, officials said Tuesday.

Researchers analyzing water samples have discovered fragments of Asian carp DNA in Lake Michigan, although there is still no evidence that that fast-breeding fish have breached electric barriers set up along Chicago-area waterways.

"Clearly this is not good news," said Major General John Peabody, commanding general of the US Army Corps of Engineers' Great Lakes and Ohio River division.

The Corps is one of a host of state and federal agencies working to stop the spread of the voracious carp which can grow up to seven feet long (2.1 meters) and weigh 150 pounds (68 kilos).

Federal officials have warned that Asian carp - which have no natural predators - could have a "devastating effect on the Great Lakes ecosystem and a significant economic impact" on the seven-billion-dollar sport and commercial fishing industry.

"From what we have seen in other parts of the country, Asian carp could out-compete our native, sport and commercial fish in southern Lake Michigan," Charlie Wooley, deputy regional director of the US Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), said in a statement.

"We call them an aquatic vacuum cleaner because they filter important food resources out of the water and turn it into carp biomass."

It's possible that the DNA discovered in two different samples could come from a decomposed carp which was carried through the electric barriers, officials said.

Or it could come from eggs that were transported on the belly of a bird. Another possibility is that flooding may have allowed the carp may to swim around the barriers.

"The short answer is we just don't know," said FWS spokeswoman Ashley Spratt.

"We have not actually seen live carp above the barrier," she told AFP. "The information we currently have does not suggest they're there in sustainable populations."

Teams will set out on boats as soon as weather allows to search the lake for signs of live carp, and the regional coordinating committee will accelerate its efforts to block their spread, she said.

Officials are considering a number of options including another mass kill through poisoning, sterilizing males to slow breeding, building new electrical barriers and researching other "biological controls."

The test results were released hours after the fight to block the carp was dealt a blow by the US Supreme Court, which refused to force the closure of the Chicago shipping canal system as an emergency measure to stop the invasion.

"The motion of Michigan for preliminary injunction is denied," the Supreme Court wrote in a single line ruling.

Michigan Attorney General Mike Cox called upon President Barack Obama to use his executive powers to close the locks and said he hoped the Supreme Court would consider the issue more carefully in another pending case.

"I am extremely disappointed the Supreme Court did not push the pause button on this crisis until an effective plan is in place," Cox said in a statement.

"While the injunction would have been an extraordinary step by the court, Michigan and the other Great Lakes states are facing an extraordinary crisis that could forever alter the lakes, permanently killing thousands of jobs at a time when families can least afford it.

Asian carp were originally imported to the southern United States in the 1970s to help keep retention ponds clean at fish farms and waste water treatment plants.

Heavy flooding helped them escape into the Mississippi in the 1990's and they have since migrated into the Missouri and Illinois rivers.

Should they make it into Lake Michigan in large numbers it would be extremely difficult to stop their spread throughout the five interconnected Great Lakes and up into the St. Lawrence Seaway.

Michigan Locks Bid Denied In Great Lakes Carp Case
James Vicini and Andrew Stern, PlanetArk 20 Jan 10;

WASHINGTON/CHICAGO - The U.S. Supreme Court on Tuesday rejected a request by the state of Michigan for an injunction to force the closing of two Chicago-area waterway locks to keep Asian carp from invading the Great Lakes.

The voracious Bighead and Silver carp are considered a dire threat to the lakes' $7 billion fisheries.

Michigan last month took the unusual step of asking the high court for an order that would close the two locks and would require authorities to take all other action necessary to keep the carp from entering the lakes.

Michigan asked that the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the state of Illinois and Chicago's sewer authority take more steps to block the carp during flooding and ultimately to separate the Great Lakes from the Mississippi River watershed.

The invasive carp may have already reached Lake Michigan, with authorities saying on Tuesday that water samples recently taken in an Indiana harbor contained carp DNA.

However, sampling for environmental DNA is a new technique and authorities are seeking proof that actual Asian carp are swimming in the lake.

"We would like the confirmation of a physical specimen," said Major General John Peabody of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Netting and electro-fishing are being conducted.

Closing a lock and dam and the other measures could help keep the carp from entering the lakes, but it also court hurt shippers, who transport 15 million tons of commodities through the connecting waterways each year.

Nearby Midwestern states such as Minnesota and Ohio supported Michigan's request while Illinois and the federal government opposed it.

U.S. Solicitor General Elena Kagan told the court that Michigan failed to show likely irreparable harm, that the state cannot prevail on the merits of its theory and Michigan cannot justify the mandatory relief it demands.

If the Army Corps makes a final decision to reject the steps Michigan wants, then the state can ask a federal judge to decide if the agency acted lawfully, Kagan said.

While the court denied the preliminary injunction, it took no action on Michigan's separate request to reopen cases dating back to the 1920s that control how much water Chicago can withdraw from Lake Michigan. Environmentalists said they remained optimistic the court would act on the other request.

A huge engineering project a century ago reversed the direction of the Chicago River and diverts lake water into a canal that connects Lake Michigan to the Mississippi River watershed. The goal was to stop sewage releases into the lake.

Kagan said Michigan was trying to use old cases about water flows and allotments to litigate an entirely different environmental protection issue involving the carp.

After the court denied the injunction, the governors of Michigan and Wisconsin sent a letter to the White House asking the administration to set up a meeting of governors from Great Lakes states to discuss the Asian carp threat.

(Editing by Eric Walsh)

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Whale row prompts Japan-Australia defence rethink

Yahoo News 19 Jan 10;

TOKYO (AFP) – Japanese ruling party lawmakers have questioned a plan to sign a defence logistics accord with Australia as the two countries are at loggerheads over Japan's annual whale hunts, an official said Tuesday.

The move comes as anti-whaling activists of the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society have been harassing a Japanese whaling fleet on its annual hunt for hundreds of the sea mammals in Antarctic waters.

Australia opposes the hunts, carried out despite a 1986 international moratorium on commercial whaling under a loophole that allows "lethal research" whaling, and has threatened international legal action against Japan.

Japan's government is considering submitting a bill to parliament on a defence pact that would allow the two countries' militaries to share food, fuel and other supplies and services in their operations overseas.

But some lawmakers of the ruling centre-left coalition called on the government to "cautiously" handle the accord when the vice defence minister, Kazuya Shimba, explained the bill to them, a defence ministry spokeswoman said.

The lawmakers argued that signing a so-called Acquisition and Cross-servicing Agreement should be reconsidered in light of the recent harassment of Japan's whaling fleet.

"According to our vice minister, one of the lawmakers said he wants the government to insist on Japan's current position," defending its right to hunt whales as part of its national heritage, the ministry spokeswoman said.

The vice minister had replied to the group of lawmakers that, although any two countries face their own particular bilateral issues, it was important "to maintain military relations of trust," she told AFP.

In the latest showdown between Japanese whalers and the activists, the environmentalists' high-tech superboat, the New Zealand-registered Ady Gil, sank in Antarctic seas in early January after a collision with the whaling fleet's security ship.

New Zealand and Australian authorities are investigating the incident, while Japan has lodged a strong protest with the Wellington government.

Both the whalers and the protesters blame each other for the crash.

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Putin under fire over world's deepest fresh water lake

Alissa De Carbonnel Yahoo News 19 Jan 10;

MOSCOW (AFP) – Environmentalists on Tuesday condemned Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin for allowing a controversial paper plant on Siberia's pristine Lake Baikal to reopen, calling it a "crime."

Putin's decree, signed on January 13 but made public on Monday, reverses an earlier ban on the production of cellulose paper and storage of waste around Lake Baikal, the world's deepest freshwater lake.

It is expected to allow operations to restart at the Baikal paper plant, owned by Russian billionaire Oleg Deripaska, which has been closed since October 2008.

"This decree is a crime because to protect the interests of one particular oligarch, Putin is casting aside Russia's entire net of ecological laws," Roman Vazhenkov, head of Greenpeace's Lake Baikal campaign, told AFP.

"To allow chemical wastes to be dumped there: What else can you call it but a crime?" he added.

Lake Baikal, which is on UNESCO's World Heritage list, contains 20 percent of the world's fresh water supply and has been hailed as the "Galapagos of Russia" for its endemic flora and fauna.

Generations of environmental activists have fought to shut the Soviet-era paper mill, founded in 1966, which they say endangers Baikal's fragile ecosystem by spewing waste into the lake.

But the plant is also an economic boon to the region, and 16,000 employees were cut loose when it was forced to shut in October 2008, driven bankrupt by fines for polluting and difficulties amid the global economic crisis.

Activists had worried the aged plant would be reopened in August when Putin, in a surprise stunt, plumbed the lake's depths aboard a mini-submarine and emerged to declare it "ecologically clean."

Putin's decree is a "mistake" for economic as well as ecological reasons, said Igor Chestin, head of the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) in Russia.

Though long the largest employer in the thickly forested region, the paper mill has now become less crucial and ecotourism has developed as a competing source of jobs, Chestin said.

"In the year and three months since the factory closed the situation has changed. People have already begun to find work in other spheres, specifically in tourism and hospitality," Chestin told AFP.

"This is a mistake not only because it relaxes the law but because it allows for the comeback of a manufacturer whose importance is waning."

Both Chestin and Vazhenov vowed to appeal to UNESCO to add Lake Baikal to its list of World Heritage site in danger.

"This not on some secret site but Lake Baikal -- a UNESCO site and a place the whole country should be proud of," Vazhenkov added. "This will be a huge blow to Russia's prestige."

The Russian government has taken numerous measures to shore up its struggling Soviet-era industry and halt mass job losses, amid fears that social unrest could spread in economically hard-hit regions.

Metals tycoon Deripaska had been Russia's richest man before the financial crisis but saw his fortune decimated by the slowdown.

Federal regulators in 2001 required the Baikal paper factory to install a closed-water system to mitigate waste leakage into the lake, but the huge cost of the requirements led to the plant's financial insolvency.

Activists said it was unclear whether the new decree would allow the plant to function without the closed-water system.

Putin Allows Lake Baikal Paper Mill To Reopen
Guy Faulconbridge, PlanetArk 20 Jan 10;

MOSCOW - Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin has decreed that a paper mill on the shores of Siberia's Lake Baikal can restart production despite years of complaints about pollution of the world's largest freshwater lake.

Putin, in a decree published on the government's website, allowed the plant to resume making pulp, paper and cardboard in the area surrounding the lake, about 5,000 km (3,100 miles) east of Moscow.

Controlled by indebted Russian tycoon Oleg Deripaska, the Soviet-era plant on the southern tip of Baikal was mothballed in 2008 amid a row over pollution of the lake.

Environmental groups have long attacked the mill, saying it threatens the lake which harbors 1,500 species of animals and plants, including a unique type of freshwater seal.

Greenpeace said it was deeply concerned by the plans and that it would ask President Dmitry Medvedev to overturn Putin's decision.

"The Baikal Pulp and Paper plant is an ecologically dangerous enterprise," Greenpeace said in a statement. "It simply has no place on the shores of the sacred lake."

Putin, after personally inspecting the bed of Baikal last year, said that scientists had told him the mill does not harm the lake, which holds one fifth of the world's total surface fresh water and is revered as sacred by Siberian tribes.

The mill employs about 2,000 people and is the main employer in the town of Baikalsk, which has a population of 17,000. It also runs the only heating station in Baikalsk, where temperatures plunge to minus 30 Celsius in the winter.

"The plant does not pose a threat to the ecology of Lake Baikal so we warmly welcome ... (Putin's) decision," Oksana Gorlova, a spokeswoman for the paper plant, said by telephone.

"Almost every family in the town was connected to this enterprise so this decision was taken for the people of Baikalsk," said Gorlova. "Production will start this year."

The plant, built in the 1960s, is controlled by LPK Continental Management, part of Deripaska's Basic Element industrial group. The other 49 percent is owned by the state.

Situated in southeast Siberia, Baikal is the world's oldest and deepest lake, according to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).

(Editing by David Stamp)

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Carbon-neutral city being planned by Malaysia

New Straits Times 19 Jan 10;

MALAYSIA is mulling the building of its first carbon-neutral city as one of the projects to be undertaken by a joint venture between Abu Dhabi's Masdar and 1Malaysia Development Bhd (1MDB).

Masdar, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Abu Dhabi's Mubadala Development Company, and 1MDB signed a cooperation agreement in Abu Dhabi on Sunday to jointly explore clean technology projects and investments.

Both companies will also cooperate and invest in carbon reduction projects and clean technology venture capital.

If fully implemented, the cooperation agreement will lead to the development of new catalytic projects worth about US$100 million (RM338 million).

The agreement was signed by Masdar chief executive officer Dr Sultan Ahmed Al Jaber and his 1MDB counterpart, Shahrol Halmi, and witnessed by Prime Minister Datuk Seri Najib Razak and Abu Dhabi's Crown Prince Gen Sheikh Mohammad bin Zayed Al Nahyan.

Najib is here on an official visit and to attend the World Future Energy Summit where he delivered a keynote address.

"We value this partnership with Malaysia and applaud its move to actively pursue and invest in new green technologies," Sultan Ahmed said.

Incorporated in 2006, Masdar is a company focusing on renewable energy and sustainability.

"It is our intention to explore business opportunities relating to the development of an environmentally friendly carbon-neutral city in Malaysia," Shahrol said.

1MDB is a strategic development company owned by the Malaysian government. It serves as a catalyst for long-term sustainable economic development through a new economic model based on innovation, creativity and high-value creation.

It has a planned initial funding of RM11 billion and the first tranche of RM5 billion was raised through the issuance of Islamic bonds guaranteed by the government.

The agreement came close after 1MDB set up a joint US$2.5 billion investment fund with Saudi Arabia's PetroSaudi, which would also target renewable energy sources and long-term sustainable economic development projects in Malaysia and abroad.

Najib arrived in Abu Dhabi late on Saturday in his Middle East swing that also included an official visit to Saudi Arabia. He is scheduled to visit India, on his way home.

Earlier, Najib visited several key projects undertaken by Malaysian companies in Abu Dhabi, including the Sheikh Zayed Sport City development being built by a joint venture company involving Malaysia's Sunway Group.

He toured the almost-completed Yas Island Formula One race track which was built by a joint venture involving Bahrain-based Cebarco and Malaysia's WCT Engineering Bhd.


He also toured the Al Reem mixed-development project undertaken by a consortium of four Malaysian companies comprising IJM Bhd, Sunway Construction Sdn Bhd, Zelan Holdings Bhd and LFE Engineering Sdn Bhd.

Malaysia to depend less on fossil fuel, says Najib
New Straits Times 19 Jan 10;

MALAYSIA is mapping out a plan to reduce its dependence on fossil fuel, by such methods as increasing usage of energy from renewable resources to 2,000 MW by 2020 from 50 MW now.
The plan, which forms part of Malaysia's role in the global effort to cut carbon emission and improve global energy security, was highlighted by Prime Minister Datuk Seri Najib Razak in a keynote address at the World Future Energy Summit which started in Abu Dhabi yesterday.

Najib's address, which painted a gloomy picture if the world continued to ignore the negative impact excessive carbon emission was having on global climate change, could not have come at a better time since the world had been experiencing some of the most extreme weather patterns ever recorded.

The northern hemisphere is facing one of its harshest winters in history.

He said Malaysia had introduced several incentives to promote renewable energy, including the Small Renewable Energy Programme which provided for a higher purchasing price for electricity generated through renewable energy resources by the grid operator.

"We are in the process of instituting a renewable energy law and one of the mechanisms we are looking into is feed-in tariffs to promote usage of this type of energy."

Feed-in tariffs is a mechanism which guarantees that energy generated through renewable resources is purchased by the national grid operator. It has worked successfully in Europe and is being practised in more than 60 countries.

He also spoke of Malaysia's plan to increase the use of solar power through the "Suria 1000 Programme".

Reminding the developing economies to make their energy industries more efficient amid increasing energy prices and harmful emissions, Najib said Malaysia had commissioned a study to restructure and realign its energy sector.

Malaysia established the Energy, Green Technology and Water Ministry early last year, essentially to transform the country into a green nation.

"We will be looking at four main sectors to implement green technologies, namely energy, transport, buildings and water."

To benefit from a green economy while reducing carbon footprint, Malaysia has launched the National Biotechnology Policy and the National Biofuel Policy in 2005. The policies seek to leverage on the natural strengths of Malaysia where at least 50 per cent of land area remains forested.

"Our embracing of green technology is not only to conserve our resources, but also to act as a new economic impetus for Malaysia."

He said the international community failed to seize the opportunity at the last summit on climate change in Copenhagen as they did not manage to face the issue decisively.

Najib, here on a working visit, was scheduled to visit Dubai, an emirate in the United Arab Emirates. He was scheduled to meet UAE Vice-President, Prime Minister and Ruler of Dubai Sheikh Mohammad bin Rashid Al-Maktoum and tour the world's tallest building, the Burj Khalifa.

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India Unveils Rules To Boost Green Power Investment

PlanetArk 20 Jan 10;

NEW DELHI - India has crafted rules for trading of certificates aimed at rewarding producers of clean energy, a move expected to boost the share of electricity from renewable sources in one of the world's top carbon polluters.

India's power regulator has laid out regulations on renewable energy certificates (RECs), which can be bought by companies to meet statutory obligations to purchase a minimum level of renewable energy, the government said in a statement.

"This concept seeks to address the mismatch between availability of renewable energy sources and the requirement of the obligated entities to meet their renewable purchase obligation," it said.

Renewable energy accounts for barely 8 percent of India's total capacity of about 150,000 megawatts but the government aims to double green power generation to 25,000 megawatts in four years.

The rules stipulate clean energy producers either sell their electricity at a preferential tariff fixed by provincial power regulators or sell the electricity generation and environmental attributes associated with renewable power separately.

A central agency would also administer the certificates trading among renewable power generators. The value of a certificate would be equivalent to one megawatt hour of electricity.

"It is also expected to encourage renewable energy capacity addition ... as the REC framework seeks to create a national level market for such generators to recover their cost," it said.

BOOST TO INVESTMENT

Carbon business analysts agreed.

"What it does is it gives government a tool to enforce its regulation. Those states which don't have enough natural resources to generate power could buy renewable certificates from others and meet their quota," CLSA analyst Rajesh Panjwani said.

"It will also encourage states to invest in companies or renewable capacities in states where there are renewable resources."

Ashutosh Pandey, chief executive of Emergent Ventures' carbon advisory business, said: "I feel RECs will definitely bring market-based innovations in the market to propel renewable energy development in the country."

India is one of the world's top producers of wind energy, and also generates solar energy and power from biomass. It hopes to attract about $21 billion worth of investments in renewable energy by 2012.

The country laid out in September new tariff rules for electricity from renewable energy sources, promising to provide about 19 percent pre-tax return on investment for renewable energy plants for an initial period of 10 years.

Benefits from thermal power plants, which account for about 60 percent of India's total generation, work out to about 18.4 percent, according to Indian power officials.

India offers subsidized loans to companies building alternative energy power plants and provides tax breaks and tariff subsidies to encourage development of the renewables industry.

(Editing by David Fogarty)

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Masdar's First Carbon Capture In Abu Dhabi In 2012

Stanley Carvalho, PlanetArk 20 Jan 10;

ABU DHABI - Abu Dhabi state-owned Masdar said on Tuesday its first carbon capture and storage (CCS) project would be cutting greenhouse gas emissions in the United Arab Emirates by the end of 2012.

The UAE is one of the world's largest emitters of greenhouse gas per capita. Abu Dhabi has pumped billions into clean energy initiative Masdar as it looks to both cut emissions and prepare the world's third-largest crude exporter for a future less dependent on supply of oil.

The first CCS project would capture emissions from a new UAE steel plant, said Sam Nader, director of Masdar's carbon management unit told reporters.

"The first capture is 800,000 tonnes from the Emirates Steel plant in 2012," Nader said. "A contract will be awarded this year for the first capture."

By 2014, Masdar would have captured a total of five million tonnes of CO2, he added.

Masdar aims to set up a network of pipelines in the UAE to pump carbon from emitting sites to oilfields, where it would be injected into reservoirs to maintain pressure and increase oil recovery. The network should be completed by 2015, he said.

The first phase of the plan is to capture CO2 from industrial units such as the Emirates Steel plant and from power plants.

Masdar is working closely with state-run Abu Dhabi Company for Onshore Oil Operations (ADCO) to transport and inject CO2 into its oil reservoirs. ADCO runs the onshore crude fields for the Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC).

Other emitters that Masdar is targeting for carbon capture are the Emirates Aluminum plant, a gas-fired power station run by the Abu Dhabi Water and Electricity Authority and also a planned hydrogen power plant it is building with BP.

Carbon captured would back carbon credits sold under the UN's clean development mechanism, which allows developing countries to sell emissions reductions from energy intensive industry to help rich countries offset their own contribution to climate change.

The UAE embarked on a CO2 emission reduction programme in 2007. Abu Dhabi aims to slash the emirate's CO2 output by about one-third by 2020 and in doing so to free up more oil for exports.

(Editing by Simon Webb and Keiron Henderson)

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Brazil Opens World's First Ethanol-Fired Power Plant

Denise Luna, PlanetArk 20 Jan 10;

JUIZ DE FORA - Brazil on Tuesday opened the world's first ethanol-fueled power plant in an effort by the South American biofuels giant to increase the global use of ethanol and boost its clean power generation.

State-run oil giant Petrobras and General Electric Co, which helped design the plant, are betting that increased use of ethanol generation by green-conscious countries will boost demand for the product.

Brazil, the top global ethanol exporter, is already in talks with Japan to develop biofuels power generation there.

"We have great expectations to show the viability and economy of generating electricity from ... an alternative feedstock to fossil fuels," Maria das Gracas Foster, head of Petrobras' natural gas division, said.

Petrobras with the help of GE upgraded the 87-megawatt power plant to switch between running on natural gas or ethanol instantaneously. Brazil primarily relies on hydroelectric power but needs backup thermoelectric generation during the dry season.

John Ingham, Latin America Products Director for GE, said tests showed switching the plant to ethanol reduced carbon dioxide emissions without lowering energy output.

GE has around 770 turbines like those used in the Juiz de Fora plant, including many in Japan, that could be converted to run on ethanol, he said.

"A plant like that consumes a lot of ethanol, so it has to be in a place that makes sense (such as) places that have no access to gas, like Japan, some islands, or places that depend heavily on diesel like the Amazon region," he said.

Brazil is expected to produce a record 27.8 billion liters of ethanol in the 2009/2010 season. It began its biofuels program 30 years ago and now mandates a minimum 20 percent of ethanol in gasoline.

Petrobras itself is only starting to enter the ethanol market. Brazil's ethanol production comes from sugar cane milled by companies such as Cosan or commodities giants including Cargill Inc, Bunge and ADM Co..

Domestic demand for ethanol is being driven by the popularity of the flex-fuel car technology that was launched in 2003 and now makes up around 90 percent of new vehicle sales.

(Editing by Marguerita Choy)

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German solar industry faces subsidy cut: minister

Yahoo News 19 Jan 10;

BERLIN (AFP) – Germany, the world's biggest market for solar cells, is poised to slash its subsidies for solar power by as much as 17 percent, Economy Minister Rainer Bruederle said on Tuesday.

"I envisage an order of magnitude of 16 to 17 percent," Bruederle said at an energy conference in Berlin.

Electricity produced by solar power in Germany is sold at a minimum price guaranteed by the government to help producers compete with firms using fossil fuels and nuclear power that can produce power much more cheaply.

This guaranteed price has already been reduced gradually -- the subsidy was already cut by 10 percent from January 1 this year -- but pressure has grown on the government to accelerate the process.

Experts say the subsidy fails to spur competition in the industry, which represents less than one percent of the total electricity production in Germany, Europe's top economy.

The solar sector itself has said it is prepared to accept a cut in the subsidy, but that anything above 10 percent would be intolerable.

After years of dazzling results, Germany's solar industry has succumbed to the gloom enveloping the broader economy, with competition from Asia also taking the shine off the sector.

The world's top solar cell maker, Q-Cells, saw its turnover plunge by over 40 percent in the first nine months of 2009.

German Minister In Favor Of Slashing Solar Tariffs
Christoph Steitz, PlanetArk 20 Jan 10;

BERLIN - Slashing feed-in tariffs for the solar industry by 16-17 percent is feasible, German Economy Minister Rainer Bruederle said on Tuesday, dealing a blow to the sector which is still hoping for smaller cuts.

"Regarding the photovoltaic (industry), cuts of 16-17 percent can be made. This is my opinion, this is not yet the position of the government," Bruederle said.

Shares in German solar companies extended losses on the news, with Q-Cells, SolarWorld, Conergy, SMA Solar and Phoenix Solar down 1.2-3.8 percent by 1024 GMT.

The OekoDAX, a composite of Germany's biggest renewable companies, fell 2.5 percent.

"It looks as if there really will be a cut in tariffs and investors are nervous," said a Frankfurt-based trader.

Bruederle's comments came less than a week after Reuters cited sources as saying that such cuts were envisaged for April, sending solar stocks around the globe lower on fears that demand in Germany -- the world's biggest solar market -- would fall.

Markets have been awaiting plans by the German government to cut the industry's feed-in tariffs -- prices utilities pay generators of renewable energy -- which are now considered as being too high, but so far hoped for cuts of about 5-10 percent.

A double-digit reduction in solar feed-in tariffs in the middle of 2010 would ruin many German firms and end Germany's worldwide leadership in solar technology, Germany's BSW solar industry association said on Friday.

Investors' appetite for shares in the once fast growing solar sector has been curbed already by oversupply of cells and modules as well as tight credit conditions, which have thrown the sector into a prolonged crisis.

(Editing by Jon Loades-Carter)

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House Blasts Indonesia Climate Change Summit Results

Jakarta Globe 19 Jan 10;

Adding to public criticism of the Indonesian delegation’s achievements at the December Climate Change summit in Copenhagen, the House of Representatives on Monday said it was not satisfied with the delegation’s report.

The Copenhagen summit was deemed a failure by environmentalists, including Indonesian green groups, because its final outcome — the Copenhagen Accord — was not a binding agreement, nor was it ratified by all parties.

Members of the delegation have praised the country’s contribution to the accord, including President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono’s demands for a stronger commitment from all countries to reduce carbon emissions, significant funding from developed countries and the continuation of the Reduced Emission from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD) scheme.

Satya W. Yudha, a Golkar lawmaker who is a member of House Commission VII overseeing environmental issues, said the Indonesian delegation should have consulted with the House before engaging in international negotiations because they could have important consequences.

“The government should not work alone in these kinds of issues, they need to cooperate with the legislature because we could help lobby the other countries’ parliaments, such as in Southeast Asia, to push developed countries to get deeper emission cuts,” Satya said.

As a result, he added, there were no specific indicators to determine the negotiations as a failure or a success for Indonesian interests.

“The legislature needs to be involved because we could use our networks in other developing countries so that we can push developed countries to really commit to set up emission targets,” Satya said.

The Commission invited a number of major Indonesia environmental groups, who had been critical of the outcome of the talks in Copenhagen, to the hearing to discuss the performance of the Indonesian delegation. The groups included the Indonesian Forum for the Environment (Walhi), the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), Indonesian Center for Environmental Law (ICEL) and the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR).

Ahmad Farial Husein, deputy chair of the Commission from the United Development Party (PPP), said the House was unsatisfied with the delegation’s report because there was no specific breakdown on how emission cuts would be achieved.

“We have set the target of a 26 percent cut in emissions but we have never been informed officially from the government how they will achieve that,” he said.

Rachmat Witoelar, head of the Indonesian delegation to the Copenhagen meeting, blamed the failure on the host country, Denmark, and a grouping of countries known as ALBA, a Venezuelan-inspired club of five socialist Latin American nations.

Climate Council Budget Questioned by Lawmaker
Fidelis E Satriastanti, Jakarta Globe 19 Jan 10;

A day after the House of Representatives criticized the nation’s achievements at the December climate change summit in Copenhagen, a lawmaker on Tuesday questioned the establishment of the National Council on Climate Change.

“The president has the right to form any kind of council to help him do his job, however, we should be informed if it concerns the use of the state budget,” said Effendi Simbolon, deputy chair of House Commission VII, which oversees environmental issues. “We’ve heard about this council but we weren’t aware they were using the state budget.”

The council, also known as the DNPI, was established in 2008 through a presidential decree and is responsible for tackling climate change in the country. President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono acts as head of the body, which includes as its members the head of the Climatology, Meteorology and Geophysics Agency (BKMG) and 17 ministers whose areas of responsibility include the environment, fisheries, forestry, finance, foreign affairs, home affairs and health.

Effendi, who is also a member of the budgetary committee, said he did not know about the state budget allocation for the DNPI and said the committee planned to summon the council to explain the issue.

Arief Yuwono, secretary of the State Ministry of Environment, told the Jakarta Globe that the budget allocation for the council was on the right track and that the situation was already being communicated to the budgetary committee.

“When the council was being formed in 2008, the budget for that year had already been established. However, based on procedures, in a situation like this we can propose a new budget for emergency use, known as Post 99, which is under the direct supervision of the Finance Ministry,” Arief said.

He said to disburse the money, the fledgling council was placed under the State Ministry of Environment, given the executive head of the council and the environment minister were the same person, Rachmat Witoelar.

“However, for this year, the Council has already been allocated Rp 30 billion [$3.24 million] from the state budget. It will be used for council activities, such as sending delegations to international [climate change] negotiations,” he said.

Rhino Subagyo, executive director of the Indonesian Center for Environmental Law, said the DNPI could be a leader for climate change policies in the country and a strong presence at the international level.

“However, the council is still institutionally weak because it is only based on a presidential decree and its responsibilities and functions have not been clearly elaborated on. While it’s not a full ministry or even a state ministry, last year its budget was still being supported by the State Ministry of Environment,” he said. “As a result, it was not being fully supported, either from the budget and other institutions, even though its role is crucial.”

Rhino said the DNPI should be re-evaluated but not to weaken it but to make it stronger.

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Climate body admits glacier error

Richard Black, BBC News 19 Jan 10;

The vice-chairman of the UN's climate science panel has admitted it made a mistake in asserting that Himalayan glaciers could disappear by 2035.

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) included the date in its 2007 assessment of climate impacts.

A number of scientists have recently disputed the 2035 figure, and Jean-Pascal van Ypersele told BBC News that it was an error and would be reviewed.

But he said it did not change the broad picture of man-made climate change.

The issue, which BBC News first reported on 05 December, has reverberated around climate websites in recent days.



Some commentators maintain that taken together with the contents of e-mails stolen last year from the University of East Anglia's Climatic Research Unit, it undermines the credibility of climate science.

Dr van Ypersele said this was not the case.

"I don't see how one mistake in a 3,000-page report can damage the credibility of the overall report," he said.

"Some people will attempt to use it to damage the credibility of the IPCC; but if we can uncover it, and explain it and change it, it should strengthen the IPCC's credibility, showing that we are ready to learn from our mistakes."

Grey area

The claim that Himalayan glaciers could disappear by 2035 appears to have originated in a 1999 interview with Indian glaciologist Syed Hasnain, published in New Scientist magazine.

The figure then surfaced in a 2005 report by environmental group WWF - a report that is cited in the IPCC's 2007 assessment, known as AR4.

An alternative genesis lies in the misreading of a 1996 study that gave the date as 2350.

AR 4 asserted: "Glaciers in the Himalayas are receding faster than in any other part of the world... the likelihood of them disappearing by the year 2035 and perhaps sooner is very high."

Dr van Ypersele said the episode meant that the panel's reviewing procedures would have to be tightened.

Slow reaction?

The row erupted in India late last year in the run-up to the Copenhagen climate summit, with opposing factions in the government giving radically different narratives of what was happening to Himalayan ice.

In December, it emerged that four leading glaciologists had prepared a letter for publication in the journal Science arguing that a complete melt by 2035 was physically impossible.

"You just can't accomplish it," Jeffrey Kargel from the University of Arizona told BBC News at the time.

"If you think about the thicknesses of the ice - 200-300m thicknesses, in some cases up to 400m thick - and if you're losing ice at the rate of a metre a year, or let's say double it to two metres a year, you're not going to get rid of 200m of ice in a quarter of a century."

The row continues in India, with Environment Minister Jairam Ramesh calling this week for the IPCC to explain "how it reached the 2035 figure, which created such a scare".

Meanwhile, in an interview with the news agency AFP, Georg Kaser from the University of Innsbruck in Austria - who led a different portion of the AR4 process - said he had warned that the 2035 figure was wrong in 2006, before AR4's publication.

"It is so wrong that it is not even worth discussing," he told AFP in an interview.

He said that people working on the Asia chapter "did not react".

He suggested that some of the IPCC's working practices should be revised by the time work begins on its next landmark report, due in 2013.

But its overall conclusion that global warming is "unequivocal" remains beyond reproach, he said.

IPCC chief defends panel in Himalaya glacier flap
W.g. Dunlop Yahoo News 19 Jan 10;

ABU DHABI (AFP) – The chairman of the UN's panel of climate scientists defended his Nobel-winning group on Tuesday against criticism that it had erroneously forecast an early disappearance of the Himalayan glaciers.

A section of a 2007 report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) said the probability of glaciers in the Himalayas "disappearing by the year 2035 and perhaps sooner is very high."

IPCC chairman Rajendra Pachauri, addressing reporters at the World Future Energy Summit in Abu Dhabi, said that even if the remarks on Himalayan glaciers is incorrect, it does not undermine evidence supporting the existence of climate change.

"Theoretically, let's say we slipped up on one number, I don't think it takes anything away from the overwhelming scientific evidence of what's happening with the climate of this earth," he said.

"I've never used that figure in any of my talks, because I think it's not for the IPCC to make predictions of outcomes or dates. We always give ranges, and that's scientifically the way to do it. We always give ... scenarios of what might happen."

Pachauri, whose panel was harshly criticised by India's environment minister, said the IPCC will respond to the criticism by the end of the week.

"Before the end of the week, we will certainly come to a position and make it known. We are looking into the source of that information, the veracity of it and what it is that the IPCC should say on the subject."

In New Delhi, Environment Minister Jairam Ramesh was quoted on Tuesday by the Hindustan Times as saying "the IPCC claim that glaciers will vanish by 2035 was not based on an iota of scientific evidence.

"The IPCC has to do a lot of answering on how it reached the 2035 figure, which created such a scare."

Ramesh said he felt "vindicated" after repeatedly challenging the IPCC's work on glaciers. He believes there is no "conclusive scientific evidence" linking global warming to the melting of glaciers.

At the weekend, Britain's Sunday Times newspaper reported that the reference to 2035 came from the green campaign group WWF, which in turn took it from an interview given by an Indian glaciologist to New Scientist magazine in 1999.

There is no evidence that the claim was published in a peer-reviewed journal, a cornerstone of scientific credibility, it said.

Responding to a question, Pachauri said he feels he is being attacked personally over the potential flaw.

But he put a positive spin on the situation, saying: "You know, you can't attack the science, so attack the chair of the IPCC."

The IPCC is already under attack over hacked email exchanges which skeptics say reflected attempts to skew the evidence for global warming.

The new row has boosted climate skeptics, who have questioned scientific evidence behind global warming in the past and are on a roll after a scandal last month dubbed "climategate."

Indian minister slams UN body on glacier research
Yahoo News 19 Jan 10;

NEW DELHI (AFP) – India's environment minister slammed the UN's top climate body in comments published Tuesday, claiming its doomsday warning about Himalayan glaciers was not based on "scientific evidence."

The controversy focuses on a reference in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) landmark 2007 report that said the chances of Himalayan glaciers "disappearing by the year 2035 and perhaps sooner is very high."

"The IPCC claim that glaciers will vanish by 2035 was not based on an iota of scientific evidence," minister Jairam Ramesh told the Hindustan Times.

"The IPCC has to do a lot of answering on how it reached the 2035 figure, which created such a scare."

On Monday, the IPCC's chairman, Rajendra Pachauri, told AFP that the panel would review the 2035 figure.

Ramesh said he felt "vindicated" after repeatedly challenging the IPCC's work on glaciers. He believes there is no "conclusive scientific evidence" linking global warming to the melting of glaciers.

In November, Ramesh backed a study by Indian scientists which supported his view, prompting Pachauri to label his support "arrogant."

The Nobel-winning IPCC is already under attack over hacked email exchanges which skeptics say reflected attempts to skew the evidence for global warming.

The new row has boosted climate skeptics, who have questioned scientific evidence behind global warming in the past and are on a roll after a scandal last month dubbed "climategate."

Emails from scientists at Britain's University of East Anglia, a top centre for climate research, were leaked and seized on by sceptics as evidence that experts twisted data in order to dramatise global warming.

Ramesh conceded to the Hindustan Times that "most glaciers are in a poor state," but said they were receding at different rates and a few were even advancing.

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Binding climate deal 'reachable this year': UN

Yahoo News 19 Jan 10;

ABU DHABI (AFP) – Countries could reach a binding agreement on climate change in Mexico City this year after failing to do so in Copenhagen, the chairman of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change said Tuesday.

"I think we have a very short period of time in which the world has to get its act together. And if that happens, then certainly Mexico could produce a binding agreement," Rajendra Pachauri told a news conference at the third World Future Energy Summit in Abu Dhabi.

"It's a daunting, but certainly a doable, prospect," he said, referring to the next summit, planned for later this year in the Mexican capital.

Climate talks in Copenhagen last month ended with a non-binding agreement to reduce rises in global temperatures, a result that has been criticised as insufficient.

But if countries are to reach a binding agreement in Mexico City, "there are a few critical factors which would need a superhuman effort," Pachauri said.

"One of them is commitment from the US," he said.

Countries would also need to take steps such as agreeing on an institutional framework by which funding for developing nations to address climate change could be effectively utilised, he said.

Norwegian Foreign Minister Jonas Gahr Store too said a binding agreement in Mexico City is within reach.

"I agree with (Pachauri). It's doable, but I would add, it's hard. And we have to build on every positive experience with Copenhagen and we have to do everything to limit the negative experiences from Copenhagen," Store told AFP on the sidelines of the summit.

He added that the challenges posed by climate change would not be resolved soon.

"We who are policymakers will deal with climate change every day for the rest of our political lives," he said. "We have to stop thinking that this is something we solve at the next conference ... It's part of an ongoing process."

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