Malaysia: Thousands hectares set apart for aquaculture in Sabah

Durie Rainer Fong The Star 27 Sep 11;

KOTA KINABALU: Several thousand hectares of coastal lands and seas will soon be gazetted as aquaculture industrial zones to enable the sustainable management of aquaculture development.

This also includes the substantive on-going preparations by many stakeholders on the proposed Tun Mustapha Marine Park, north of Sabah by 2015.

“This park will be the largest multiple-use park in South-East Asia,” said permanent secretary to the state Agriculture and Food Industry Ministry Datuk Ujang Sulani.

There was no point to pursue a future based on wealth creation, unsustainable growth that will deplete resources and displace communities, which will have dire consequences for future generations, he added.

“Hence, the decision to earmark these zones for sustainable aquaculture development,” he said at the second CTI Regional Exchange on the Implementation of Ecosystem Approach and Fisheries Management Activities in the Coral Triangle Countries workshop here recently.

Ujang said much attention had been placed on the issue of resource depletion and the impact of development to the health and biodiversity of the wider ecosystems in recent times.

“The Coral Triangle is a treasure trove of marine biodiversity and a source of aesthetic, spiritual, cultural and recreational values for the 120 million people that live within the region,” he said.

“Naturally I hope the workshop will come up with a management framework that is adaptable and workable to each country,” he said.

In this respect, Ujang explained that there are presently four mil ha of sustainable managed forests, mangrove, marine and wildlife reserves and sanctuaries in Sabah.

The Coral Triangle refers to a roughly triangular area encompassing the tropical waters of Malaysia, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, Solomon Islands and Timor-Leste.

The Triangle contains hundreds of species of reef-building corals in each eco-region.

Malaysia, principally Sabah, through its participation in the Sulu Sulawesi Marine Eco-region Programme, is also engaged in the Sulu Celebes Sea Sustainable Fisheries Management project.


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Floods kill 158 in Thailand, 61 in Cambodia

Reuters AlertNet 26 Sep 11;

BANGKOK, Sept 26 (Reuters) - The death toll from flooding in Thailand since mid-July has risen to 158, while 61 people have died in neighbouring Cambodia in the past two weeks, authorities in the two countries said on Monday.

More than 2 million acres of farmland in Thailand are now under water, an area 11 times the size of Singapore.

"Twenty-three provinces in the lower north and central Thailand are under water and nearly 2 million people have been affected by severe floods and heavy rain," Thailand's Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation said.

Flooding has also affected the capital, Bangkok, which sits only two metres above sea level. The Chao Phraya river has overflowed into roads in some areas, although the authorities have reinforced its banks to prevent serious flooding.

The Meteorological Department warned 39 provinces, mostly in central and northeast Thailand, to be ready for possible flooding and heavy rain in the coming week.

Thailand's main rice crop of the year is normally harvested from October. According to media reports, some farmers have started harvesting early to try to get their crop in before floods hit, which could result in lower yields.

Some may be unable to harvest properly because fields are inundated.

Thailand is the world's biggest rice exporter. It is forecast to produce 25.1 million tonnes of unmilled rice in the main crop, up from 24 million last year.

Its monsoon season usually runs from August to October.

After a teleconference with governors in flood-hit areas, Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra said 40 billion baht ($1.2 billion) was expected to be used in long-term projects for flood prevention, but she gave no detail of the projects.

In Cambodia, Keo Vy, deputy information director of the National Disaster Management Committee (NDMC), said the death toll in provinces along the Mekong River and Tonle Lake was likely to rise once provincial authorities submitted new reports.

"The worry now is about a lack of food, and the health of people and animals," Keo Vy said, adding that 163,000 hectares (407,000 acres) of rice paddies and 63,000 homes were under water.

NDMC Vice-President Nhim Vanda said flooding in August had already damaged rice paddies around the country.

"The damage is now double," Nhim Vanda said. "We are worried that the water will go down slowly, which will destroy rice that is already planted."

Cambodia produces around 7 million tonnes of unmilled rice a year at the moment. Very little of it is directly exported. A great deal goes over the border to Vietnam to be milled and re-exported. (Reporting by Jutarat Skulpichetrat in Bangkok and Prak Chan Thul in Cambodia; Editing by Alan Raybould)


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Indonesia: President Signs Decree to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Fidelis E. Satriastanti Jakarta Globe 26 Sep 11;

President Susilo Bambang Yuhdoyono has signed a presidential decree creating a National Action Plan to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions, known as RAN-GRK, but environmental groups have questioned whether the decree will actually produce any action.

Greenpeace doubts that the government will be able to cut down on greenhouse gas emissions.

“Although the Indonesian government listed forestry as pivotal to the efforts of reducing emissions, since Yudhoyono announced his commitment to reduce emissions, by 26 to 41 percent in 2009 mainly from the forestry sector, the forest conditions have not gotten better,” said Yuyun Indradi, forest campaigner from South East Asia Greenpeace.

The RAN-GRK decree is an action plan for implementing several activities, directly or indirectly, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions according to the national development target.

Cabinet secretary Dipo Alam said the decree was issued based on Indonesia’s geographical location, which makes it prone to the impacts of climate change.

“This is a follow-up to the Bali Action Plan agreement during the 13th Conference of Parties United Nations Climate Change Convention (COP-UNFCCC) in Bali, December 2007. It also fulfills the commitment of the Indonesian government to voluntarily reduce greenhouse emissions by 26 percent on our own or a reduction of 41 percent with international help,” Dipo said.

“For that reason, there should be guidance in the drafting effort and steps to reduce greenhouse emissions.”

Yuyun said the new decree is a test for the president to make his commitment a reality.

“The problems related to forests are complicated and it is not enough to solve them with the moratorium decree or with RAN-GRK.”

SBY Vows to Protect Forests
Arientha Primanita & Fidelis Sastriastanti Jakarta Globe 27 Sep 11;

President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono on Tuesday stated his commitment to ensure sustainable development of the country’s environment and forests.

“I will continue my work and dedicate the last three years of my term as president to deliver enduring results that will sustain and enhance the environment and forests of Indonesia,” Yudhoyono said in a speech in his opening address at the Forests Indonesia Conference.

The president said the country’s people, economy, environment and way of life are tightly intertwined with its forests.

“Our success in managing our forests will determine our future and the opportunities that will be available to our children,” Yudhoyono said.

But he will need to work hard to convince the nation’s environmental groups, who have previously accused the government of making grand statements on conservation but failing to deliver results.

The conference was hosted by the Center for International Forestry Research and was attended by 900 participants from the government, the business community and civil society as well as foreign donors.

Its purpose was to discuss the future of forests in Indonesia, which has the third-largest amount of tropical forest in the world.

While many now recognize the importance of safeguarding the country’s many forests, however, they remain under “tremendous” pressure, Yudhoyono said.

“As a developing country, we are prioritizing economic growth and poverty eradication. But we will not reach those aims by sacrificing our forests,” Yudhoyono said.

Indonesia should be able to find a balance, he said.

“We must change the way we treat our forests so that they are conserved even as we drive hard to accelerate our economic growth,” he said.

Yudhoyono said he did not want to have to tell his granddaughter someday that the country failed to save its forests.

To alleviate the pressure on forests, Yudhoyono said the government had set up programs to enhance agricultural productivity as well as ensure an adequate stock of staple food, including rice.

The government has also launched a tree-planting campaign that will aim for at least one billion new trees annually, Yudhoyono said.

“It is said that ‘an apple a day keeps the doctor away.’ I would like to say: ‘A billion trees a year shields the world’s lungs from decay,’ ” he said.

Yudhoyono also said that Indonesia remained steadfast in its pledge to cut its greenhouse gas emissions by 26-41 percent by 2020.

Globally, deforestation accounts for up to 20 percent of greenhouse gas emissions. In Indonesia, however, that figure is 85 percent, making the country one of the highest emitters in the world, the president said.

“A long journey still awaits us. We know we must do more to address the primary sources of our greenhouse emissions, such as illegal logging, forest encroachment, forest and land fires and peat land drainage,” Yudhoyono said. “And indeed we are working hard and comprehensively to overcome these challenges.”

Yudhoyono emphasized the long-term importance of caring for the country’s forests while continuing to pursue a path of development.

Cifor director general Frances Seymour said that leadership was needed not only from the government but also from business and civil society to chart the best way forward for Indonesia .

“While there are some win-win opportunities to reconcile forest management to meet both global and domestic objectives, there will also be some trade-offs that will require leadership,” Seymour said.

REDD+ potential funds reach up to Rp270 trillion: CIFOR
Antara 26 Sep 11;

Bogor, West Java (ANTARA News) - The potential flow of funds from advanced nations to developing countries to deal with deforestation through REDD+ programs is estimated to reach up to US$30 billion or Rp270 trillion annually, according to the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR).

"The potential funds flow from developed countries to developing nations for REDD+ programs is quite huge, reaching 30 billion US dollars," Budhy Kristanty, the spokesman of CIFOR said here on Monday.

The REDD+ (Reducing Emission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation Plus) is a global mechanism to reduce emission and deforestation as well as forest degradation.

Under the REDD+ mechanism, it has also been agreed globally to boost conservation and sustainable forest management as well as to icnrease the world forest carbon reserves.

Budhy said Indonesia has the highest number of REDD+ pilot projects in various development stages.

"Indonesia has become an early participant in various bilateral and multilateral initiatives to prepare the implementation of REDD+ at the national level," he said.

The REDD+ program implementation plan at the national level will be discussed in a CIFOR conference on the future of Indonesian forests and the climate change to be held in Jakarta on Tuesday (Sept 27).

The conference is expected to be participated in by around 1,000 people consisting of experts, NGO activists and forest stakeholders.

President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono is scheduled to official open the conference.

The one-day conference is entitled "Forests Indonesia: Alternative futures to meet demands for food, fiber, fuel and REDD+".

The conference will feature agenda-setting keynote speakers and a series of engaging forums under two themes, namely "Trade and investment: Implications for forests", and "REDD+ in transition to a low-carbon future."
(Uu.F001/HAJM)

Editor: Priyambodo RH

Indonesia's SBY Pledges to Save the Forests
Asia Sentinel 29 Sep 11;

But we’ve heard that before

Although Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono told a conference in Jakarta Tuesday that he is committed to ensuring sustainable development of the country’s tropical forests, the third largest in the world, there are plenty of reasons to believe he won’t be able to keep that promise.

For instance, Yudhoyono made the statement in the middle of one of the worst years on recent record for smoke and haze extending across a wide swath of Southeast Asia. Haze from illegal burning has become a permanent feature in Jakarta, the country’s capital. The smoke, from illegal clearing of forest in Sumatra and Kalimantan, was so dense earlier this month that Singapore offered to send firefighting planes to try to douse the blazes out of a fear that decreased visibility could endanger the 300-kilometer per hour plus Formula 1 cars racing on the city’s road circuit in trials and the Grand Prix from Sept. 23 to Sept. 25.

The president has made repeated statements calling attention to the need to preserve the country’s forests. Indonesia, with almost no smokestack industries, nonetheless ranks third in the world behind China and the United States in the production of greenhouse gases, which are universally assumed to be the main cause of global warming, other than by cranks in the US Congress. While globally deforestation accounts for up to 20 percent of greenhouse gas emissions, in Indonesia, that figure is 85 percent, the president said.

“I will continue my work and dedicate the last three years of my term as president to deliver enduring results that will sustain and enhance the environment and forests of Indonesia,” Yudhoyono told the conference, which was hosted by the Center for International Forestry Research, adding that he didn’t want to tell his grandchildren someday that the country had failed to preserve its forests.

Privately, however, say sources in Jakarta, Yudhoyono regularly complains that orders his ministers simply ignore his orders. A recent poll has shown the administration’s once-high approval rating has fallen from 52 percent in January 2010 to just 38 percent today. Although there are myriad other reasons for his descending ratings, including a massive corruption scandal over construction of a sports facility, Yudhoyono said prior to the poll that only half of his orders are carried out.

The Forestry Ministry, headed by Zulkifli Hasan, a former businessman and secretary general of the National Mandate Party, would be a good place to start searching for orders to be carried out. The ministry earns US$15 billion in fees from land permits. It is currently being pursued by the

Corruption Eradication Commission, known by its Indonesian-language initials KPK, which is investigating the ministry for the granting of illegal permits.

According to the NGO Greenomics Indonesia, the forestry ministry’s lack of commitment to protecting its forests was demonstrated by an announcement in mid September that 7.4 million hectares of oil palm concessions in Kalimantan would be legalized and categorized as forest areas, and would be treated as additional forest cover for the purpose of mitigation of climate change. Under a Ministry of Forestry Regulation dated Aug. 25, the ministry is now using climate change mitigation as a legal justification to legalize plantations with legally defective licenses.

Thus, not only are the areas being cleared not being recorded as such, they will instead be treated as additional forest cover. But not only are oil palm plantations not considered to be mitigating climate change, the underlying peatland destroyed to allow for the clearing of plantations are -- or were – valuable carbon sinks.

Indonesia Corruption Watch, a private watchdog, was quoted by Reuters in an investigation of the country’s timber industry as saying illegal logging and violations in issuing forest use permits produce as much as US$2.3 billion in bribes annually. The Reuters story warned that corruption in the ministry was making a mockery of western attempts to set up a program for buying and selling carbon credits

The country’s 17,000 islands boast total forest cover today of 88.5 million hectares. Given growing population pressures as well as destroying forest and peatlands for oil palm plantations, primary forest is disappearing at a rate of about 2 percent per year. Some 28.07 million hectares of primary forest have disappeared since 1990, or 24.1 percent of forest cover, according to the website Mongabay, which monitors environmental degradation worldwide..

“Logging for tropical timbers and pulpwood is the best-known cause of forest loss and degradation in the country,” the NGO wrote in a report on Indonesia. “Indonesia is the world's largest exporter of tropical timber, generating upwards of US$5 billion annually, and more than 48 million hectares (55 percent of the country's remaining forests) are concessioned for logging. Logging in Indonesia has opened some of the most remote, forbidding places on earth to development. After decimating much of the forests in less remote locations, timber firms have stepped up practices on the island of Borneo and the state of Irian Jaya on New Guinea, where great swaths of forests have been cleared in recent years and logging firms have to move deeper and deeper into the interior to find suitable trees.”

One of the best examples of the forestry ministry’s corruption revolved around Wandojo Siswanto, Indonesia’s lead negotiator at the 2009 United Nations Conference on Climate Change in Copenhagen, Denmark, and described as a “key architect” of Indonesia’s role in the UN’s Collaborative Program on Reducing Emissiions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Developng Countries, known as REDD.

In December 2010, Wandojo was arrested and given three years in prison for taking a US$10,000. At the time, Wandojo was responsible for tendering a global positioning system procurement project for the ministry. At the time of the arrest, Wandojo insisted he had carried out the deal on orders from his superiors.

“A long journey still awaits us. We know we must do more to address the primary sources of our greenhouse emissions, such as illegal logging, forest encroachment, forest and land fires and peat land drainage,” Yudhoyono said in his speech. “And indeed we are working hard and comprehensively to overcome these challenges.”


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Australia: Turtles and dugongs die in droves

9News 26 Sep 11;

Deaths of turtles and dugongs off Queensland have nearly doubled this year as seagrass struggles to recover from floods, an international conference on rivers has heard.

The Department of Environment and Resource's Dr Julia Playford told the International River Symposium in Brisbane that the animals were scavenging mango seeds and algae because seagrass beds, their major food source, had been destroyed by sediment, turbidity and low salinity after last summer's floods and Cyclone Yasi.

She said one million tonnes of sediment had washed into Brisbane's Moreton Bay from the floods, three times the annual average in just 10 days.

South of Brisbane, 344,000 tonnes of sediment flowed down the Logan and Albert rivers, 10 times the annual load.

In the state's north, Cyclone Yasi had stirred up sediment at depths of up to 190 metres.

"That has been followed up with a significant increase of strandings of marine wildlife," Dr Playford told the symposium.

In the year to September 20, 150 dugongs had become stranded, with only three released, she said.

That's compared to 68 in the same period in 2010, 37 in 2009 and 30 in 2008.

Meanwhile, 999 turtles had died, compared with 555 in 2010, 625 in 2009 and 552 in 2008.

"When we find those animals we find that they are frequently emaciated, don't have seagrass in their stomachs," Dr Playford said.

"They are mostly dying from natural causes, from diseases, although there are some boat strikes and netting impacts."


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Fishing boats 'killing up to 320,000 seabirds a year'

Report says some albatross, petrel and shearwater species nearing extinction as fleets failing to implement simple measures
James Meikle guardian.co.uk 26 Sep 11;

Up to 320,000 seabirds a year are being killed worldwide each year by being caught up in fishing lines, according to a study being presented to the World Conference on Marine Biodiversity on Tuesday.

Some species and populations of albatross, petrels and shearwaters are being pushed to the edge of extinction because many fishing fleets are not taking simple measures to prevent birds chasing bait, experts will warn.

Some fleets have drastically cut the carnage though methods such as bird-scaring lines and weighting of hooks. But others are failing to monitor the problem or implement steps that could reduce the problem to "negligible proportions", according to authors of a study that is attempting to set a global baseline against which progress could be measured.

Much of the available data is poor, say researchers from the RSPB and BirdLife International, whose work for the global seabird programme will be discussed at Tuesday's conference in Aberdeen. They say that information is absent on bird deaths around Iceland, the Faroe Islands and Norway, distant Asian fishing grounds and the Mediterranean.

Their estimates of bird deaths range from about 160,000-320,000, with the Spanish longline fleet fishing the Gran Sol grounds off south-west Ireland potentially killing more than 50,000 birds a year (mostly shearwaters and fulmars), and the Japanese tuna fleet killing 20,000 birds a year, seriously affecting albatross populations.

Orea Anderson, policy officer for the programme and lead author of the study: "It is little wonder that so many of the affected seabird species are threatened with extinction – their slow rate of reproduction is simply incapable of compensating for losses on the scale this study has demonstrated."

Co-author Cleo Small said: "Using simple bird-scaring lines and weighting of hooks as they enter the water could dramatically reduce the number of seabirds being killed.

"With the UK's overseas territories in the south Atlantic holding a third of the world's breeding albatrosses, the UK has a major responsibility to ensure seabird-friendly fisheries. As for the EU, the findings of this review places a heavy onus on the forthcoming EU plan of action for seabirds to deliver a robust set of remedial measures capable of reducing the impact of longline and other fisheries on seabird populations."

Some successes in reducing seabird deaths have been achieved, including around South Georgia in the south Atlantic, where tough measures are said to have brought about a 99% reduction. South Africa achieved an 85% drop in its foreign-licensed fleet in 2008, and, Brazil in April passed a law requiring stringent bycatch measures in its domestic tuna fleets.

The Albatross Task Force, set up by Birdlife International and the RSPB, is also working on mitigation measures with the fishing industries in South Africe, Namibia, Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina, Chile and Ecuador. Steps include dying fish bait blue to make it less visible to birds; setting lines at night when birds are less active; or setting them deeper underwater, through chutes; and controlling discards of unwanted fish.


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Best of our wild blogs: 26 Sep 11



Latest Green Jobs in Singapore [19 Sep - 25 Sep 2011]
from Green Business Times

Seminars this week: Ivory Trade, Tigers and Wildlife rescue in Cambodia
from Habitatnews

Another slow F1 weekend at Hantu
from Pulau Hantu

Hantu's looking great! (as always)
from Psychedelic Nature

Hopping on the BoSSIII reflection bandwagon!
from Diary of a Boy wandering through Our Little Urban Eden

What's it like being a terrestrial ecologist? - Ubin notes
from Psychedelic Nature

九月华语导游 Madarin guide walk@SBWR,September (XXIII)
from PurpleMangrove

Ubin Walk - Pulau Ubin Photo Walk - For iPhoneographers in Singapore
from Pulau Ubin Tour with Justin

Trapping Oriental White-eye
from Bird Ecology Study Group

Plant walk @ Bukit Brown
from Urban Forest

Mary the moon cake sun bear
from Bornean Sun Bear Conservation

American Cockroach
from Monday Morgue


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Less opacity on road to preserve green heritage

Straits Times Forum 26 Sep 11;

THE tug of priorities in building more transport arteries to relieve congestion to spur growth, and constructing a clean, green and eco-friendly garden city, requires compromises.

Take the fate of Arcadia Road, one of the five roads designated under the National Parks Board's (NParks) Heritage Roads scheme.

Launched in 2001, the scheme aimed to 'conserve the unique tree-scapes along some of the roads in Singapore'. The NParks website states that Arcadia Road offers residents and visitors 'a quiet, rustic atmosphere under the shady canopy of the rain trees'.

This is about to change. The Land Transport Authority (LTA) is widening the Pan- Island Expressway (PIE) where it runs adjacent to the entire stretch of Arcadia Road.

A precious verge of forest vegetation protecting this heritage road will disappear when the expressway is widened. Without this buffer zone of greenery, Arcadia's

'quiet, rustic atmosphere' will succumb to pollution, and increasing heat and exposure to the sun.

The LTA generally does not explain in detail the reasons for widening roads other than stressing the need to reduce traffic congestion.

Certainly, one cannot argue about traffic congestion - it is indeed severe along the stretch of Adam Road turning onto the PIE, largely because of the Bukit Timah Expressway tailback.

But is a compromise possible? Shouldn't those interested in the preservation of our heritage - from individuals to the Singapore Heritage Society, Nature Society and the National Heritage Board - explore other possibilities?

Can the PIE be banked or a retaining wall built? How about creative planting to maximise the cover on the sliver of remaining verge? If indeed LTA and NParks have such plans in mind, interested Singaporeans should be informed.

Arcadia Road will change. But can it survive as a stretch of heritage?

Sharon Siddique (Ms)

No impact on greenery in Arcadia Road
Straits Times Forum 3 Oct 11;

WE THANK Ms Sharon Siddique for her feedback ('Less opacity on road to preserve green heritage'; Sept 26).

The Land Transport Authority works very closely with the National Parks Board to minimise the impact to the natural environment when carrying out any road development project.

In the case of the Pan-Island Expressway road-widening project, the construction work for the stretch fronting Arcadia Road does not require the removal of trees or plants. There will be no impact on the forested vegetation in front of Arcadia Road.

Helen Lim (Ms)

Acting Director, Media Relations

Land Transport Authority


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Number of monkey grouses climbing up

Park visitors say the macaques are bolder, more used to people
Feng Zengkun Straits Times 26 Sep 11;

THE monkey trouble here has worsened.

Last year, about 1,200 monkey-related complaints were filed, double the number in 2008; this year, as of last month, some 750 such complaints had been lodged.

Numbers aside, park-goers and people living near nature reserves here told The Straits Times that the macaques they have encountered have grown bolder; they steal not only food now, but also items such as cellphones.

IT security analyst Patrick Poon, 35, who jogs in MacRitchie Reservoir Park every week, said: 'They even sit in the middle of the trails and expect you to run around them.'

But the National Parks Board (NParks) said the number of complaints could have gone up simply because people are now more aware of which agencies to take their complaints to.

NParks added that some complaints among its number were not about the macaques themselves, but filed by those contesting fines for feeding these animals.

The agency, which handles macaques in parks and nature reserves, received 414 complaints last year. The rest of last year's complaints were received by the Agri-food and Veterinary Authority (AVA), the agency which handles complaints about these monkeys in residential areas.

Dr Michael Gumert, a primate researcher at Nanyang Technological University, said the higher number of complaints could be the result of homes being built closer to forest fringes.

He said: 'The monkeys are not the drivers of change. They are being changed because every time a new condo opens on a forest border, they get 500 to 1,000 new people in their home.'

Park-goers told The Straits Times that the macaques in parks and nature reserves here are becoming more used to humans also because the rising popularity of outdoor activities has been bringing people right onto their turf.

NParks said efforts to combat the problem need to balance the needs of people against those of the macaques.

Last year, it launched a series of guided walks with the Jane Goodall Institute here to educate people about the primates. Six have been organised so far, for about 50 people.

Another move by NParks some years ago was the installing of rubbish bins with heavy lids in parks, to prevent the macaques from rummaging through them, but park-goers complained that children could not use the bins.

Two months ago, the agency introduced the fourth-generation, macaque-proof bin, with lids that open only part-way.

At Hindhede Road, which borders the Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, complaints have dropped considerably after pavement railings were removed last year to prevent monkeys from perching on them. Pavements were also expanded so that residents and the macaques can share the space without frightening each other, said NParks assistant director Benjamin Lee.

But NParks stressed that the responsibility in this equation lies with people. Last year, more than 300 people were fined for feeding the macaques, twice that of previous years - despite the fine having been raised from $250 to $500 in 2008.

Ms Sharon Chan, the assistant director of the Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve, once tasked with managing the macaques here, said the creatures do not naturally like human food, 'but if people keep feeding them, they'll develop a taste for it and that's when the trouble starts'.

Macaques repeatedly caught stealing food or being complained against are trapped and killed by the AVA, which culled 127 of them in 2009.


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Risk of fires higher as world gets hotter

The risk of more and bigger fires is increasing as the world gets hotter, and 'haze' pollution from fires could also worsen. -- ST PHOTO: NEO XIAOBIN
Michael Richardson, Straits Times 26 Sep 11;

ALTHOUGH Singapore and Malaysia have escaped the worst effects of the 2011 'haze' pollution from fires in Indonesia, this will not be the case in future if the average global temperature continues to rise as many scientists predict.

The annual dry period in Indonesia is ending. The Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency in Jakarta said recently that the rainy season has started in Aceh and North Sumatra, and will spread to other areas by the end of the year, dousing fires.

But this is likely to be just a short breather. As the world gets hotter, the risk of more and bigger fires is increasing.

2010 was the hottest year on record, with global temperatures 0.53 deg Celsius above the 1961-1990 average. This year has not been as hot so far. But serious drought has still gripped parts of the Americas and Africa.

Dr Blair Trewin, an Australian climatologist, says that warm extremes are increasingly outnumbering cold extremes as the influence of the background warming trend strengthens.

Dr David Bowman, professor of Environmental Change Biology at the University of Tasmania and lead author of a recent study on the global effects of fire, says this 'could lead to a dangerous feedback as more burning releases more carbon into the atmosphere, further driving climate change'.

He and his international team of researchers are concerned at the total impact of four kinds of fires, and the way they are combining to intensify climate impacts.

The four are: natural fires that occur apart from humans, for example, by lightning strikes; tame fires used by hunter-gatherers to manage landscapes for game and wild food production; agricultural fire to clear land cheaply and grow food and plantation crops - a widespread practice in Indonesia and other parts of South-east Asia; and industrial fire to power modern societies that have switched from using living to fossilised plants in the form of coal, oil and natural gas as the primary fuel.

Dr Bowman warns that the excessive combustion of fossil fuels to generate electricity, power heavy industry and run modern transport is driving climate change and may completely overwhelm human capacities to control fire.

Fire has been around since shortly after plants colonised the surface of the Earth over 400 million years ago. Humans learnt how to use and control it.

However, a group of specialists commissioned by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) reported in May that in many parts of the world, the number of large wildfires has been increasing at an 'alarming' rate, causing ever-higher suppression costs, property losses and environmental damage. The biggest and most damaging, which the report calls 'megafires', overwhelm efforts to extinguish them, even in developed countries that have made major investments in fire-fighting capacity, better predictive systems, improved technology and cooperation, and larger fleets of aircraft to drop water and fire-retardent chemicals from the air.

Megafires exceed all efforts at control - at least until fire-fighters get a favourable change in weather or the fire runs out of combustible fuel to burn.

China's 1987 Great Black Dragon Fire may mark the start of the megafire phenomenon in the modern era. It killed over 200 people and burned about 1.2 million ha of virgin pine forest.

The specialists commissioned by the FAO focused on eight megafires since 1997, in Indonesia, Brazil, the United States, Greece, Botswana, Australia, Russia and Israel. They found that nearly all had human causes. They were either lit intentionally or by negligence.

The Indonesian fires in 1997-98 raged out of control for months, burning over 9.7 million ha and releasing approximately 700 million tonnes of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, making them one of the world's largest pollution sources. The smoke engulfed Singapore and other parts of South-east Asia, disrupting transport and acting as blanket that trapped other pollutants harmful to human health.

Wildfires release a range of chemicals into the atmosphere, similar to those from fossil fuel burning. They include the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide and methane, but also other air pollutants such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds, aerosols and fine particles of soot.

The gaseous pollutants also influence tropospheric ozone formation, a pollutant as well as a potent greenhouse gas.

Ms Gabriele Pfister, a scientist at the National Centre for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colorado, has investigated how smoke from forest fires travels and its impact on air quality far from the fires. She says that about half the world's air pollution comes from wildfires and that a bad fire year can result in pollution from the fires circling the globe.

Dr Bowman says that managing flammable landscapes is one of the big climate change adaption challenges, equal to the challenge of sea level rise in densely populated, low-lying coastal zones in Asia and elsewhere.

This is a warning Asean countries should heed. They should work more closely together to improve land management and fire prevention.

The writer is a visiting senior research fellow at the Institute of South East Asian Studies.


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Malaysia: Fish traps found in Pulau Tioman Marine Park

New Straits Times 25 Sep 11;

ROMPIN: Some fishermen here have been setting fish traps in the Pulau Tioman Marine Park.

Pulau Tioman Marine Park director Mohamed Ridzuan Mohamed Ali said these contraptions, made from steel wire and rattan, were set in water about 30m deep.

Ridzuan said the park's enforcement unit found 18 of these traps near Pulau Tulai near the park on Friday.

"Fishermen would often encroach into the water in the area, knowing it is rich in marine life and home to various species of fish.

"No one is allowed into the water within two nautical miles from the marine park and all fishing should be done outside the area," Ridzuan said yesterday.

He said the traps would not only cause harm to the marine life but also destroy the physical structure of the coral reefs and pose a threat to divers.


Ridzuan said 173 people were arrested between 2003 and August for setting fish traps and also using fishing nets in the park area.

Read more: Fish traps found in sea park http://www.nst.com.my/nst/articles/26pot1/Article#ixzz1Z0l4tTbW


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Malaysia: Porcupines saved from the cooking pot

Embun Majid The Star 26 Sep 11;

ALOR SETAR: Seven porcupines destined for the cooking pot were rescued from a farm at Padang Terap here.

A team from the Wildlife and National Parks Department (Perhilitan) from the Federal Territory and Kedah raided the farm and detained two men in their 30s. Federal Territory Perhilitan officer Celescoriano Razond, who led the raid, said the two men tried to flee when the team raided the farm at about 9.15am yesterday.

He said the protected animals were believed to be heading to restaurants selling exotic dishes.

“We believe the animals had been kept in the farm during the past six months,” he said.

Razond said initial investigations showed that the porcupines were caught by illegal hunters in the state.

“We believe the animals were to be sold to restaurant operators either in Kedah or elsewhere,” he said.

He added that the animals would be sent to the department headquarters in Putrajaya to determine their gender.

Razond said if the porcupines were males, the men could be charged under Section 60(1)(a) of the Wildlife Protection Act 2010, which carries a fine up to RM50,000 or jail up to two years or both.

He said if the animals were female, the duo could be charged under Section 62 of the same act which carries a fine up to RM100,000 or jail up to five years or both.


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British mammals alarm: red squirrel 'could be extinct within next 20 years'

Oxford University wildlife unit finds biodiversity action plans failing to halt steep decline in dormice, hedgehogs and wildcats
Robert Booth guardian.co.uk 25 Sep 11;

Efforts over the past decade to save British mammals from extinction have failed to halt population declines in red squirrels, hedgehogs, harvest mice and Scottish wildcats.

Red squirrels could be extinct within 20 years, while the UK hedgehog population has dipped to about 1.5m individuals compared with 30m in the 1950s, according to a report by Oxford University's wildlife conservation unit for the People's Trust for Endangered Species.

The common dormouse (Muscardinus avellanarius) and mountain hare are also under threat despite efforts to arrest their decline through nationwide biodiversity action plans.

Seven species of mammals whose conservation was given priority status, including some of the most endangered, were still declining last year, says the report – State of Britain's Mammals 2011.

But there was good news with regard to otters, bats and water voles, whose populations have increased. After conservation efforts "akin to rearranging the deckchairs on the Titanic", say the report's authors, there was hope that approaches to conservation were improving.

"Although many of Britain's mammals apparently declined significantly in the past 25 years, some appear to have stabilised or even increased in the last decade," the report states.

"Of the 25 monitored mammal species native to Britain, half are stable (not necessarily in a good state) or increasing."

Otters have benefited from cleaner rivers in Britain, following a ban on chemicals used in sheep dip in the late 1990s. But hedgehog numbers have fallen due to fragmentation of their habitats, pesticides killing their prey, and hedgerow loss.

Red squirrel populations have dropped more than 50% in 50 years, and, with the discovery in Scotland in 2005 of the first case of squirrel pox virus, which is carried by grey squirrels, "the omens for the red squirrel in the UK" were "bleak", state the report's authors, Dawn Burnham and David MacDonald.

"The last 15 years have seen some successes, particularly recovery of some rare species," they said. "However, with the ongoing decline of once common species, like hedgehogs, it is widely accepted that targets for the Convention on Biological Diversity, for 2010, were missed.

"In general, progress has been better for species restricted in range that could benefit from targeted, site-based, conservation efforts. There's been less progress on targets for habitats and many widespread species."

Water voles are declining, but brown hare and polecat populations are rising. Greater and lesser horseshoe bat populations have risen 32% and 41% respectively over the past 10 years.


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