More guided walks planned for marine park

Alice Chia and Siau Ming En Channel NewsAsia 15 Jul 14;

SINGAPORE: More dates have been set aside for guided walks at Singapore’s first marine park, after all 90 places for the walks in August were taken up in just three days, the National Parks Board (NParks) said on Tuesday (July 15).

The guided walks at Sisters' Island Marine Park will now also be held on Sept 10 and 11, Nov 23 and 24, Dec 22 and 23. Those who are interested can sign up at NParks’ website from Aug 1.

The two-hour walks, led by trained volunteer guides, will take up to 45 participants each day, to be divided into three groups of 15. Participants will be introduced to marine species like the giant clams, black sea cucumbers and seahorses, among others. The groups are kept small so as to protect the marine life, NParks said.

Speaking to reporters on the sidelines of a guided walk along Sisters' Islands on Tuesday, Minister of State for National Development Desmond Lee said NParks will also look at how to manage the number of people visiting the area to strike a balance between conservation and visitorship.

"We have bookings online, so we control the numbers through guided tours. Of course people are free to visit the island, but when they do so, we strongly encourage them to be respectful of the biodiversity and fragile ecosystem here," he said.

Future plans for the marine park include building a marine research centre on St John's Island next year and installing light infrastructure, such as stepping stones, to give the public access while protecting delicate intertidal areas.

- CNA/cy

Six more dates released for guided walks at Singapore’s first Marine Park
SIAU MING EN Today Online 15 Jul 14;

SINGAPORE — More dates have been set aside for the introductory guided walks on Singapore’s first Marine Park.

Spanning some 40 hectares — about the size of 50 football fields — around Sisters’ Islands, the western reefs of both St John’s Island and Pulau Tekukor, these areas were chosen for their variety of habitats, including coral reefs, sandy shores and seagrass areas.

Previously, only two dates, Aug 14 and 15, were released for these guided walks. The National Parks Board (NParks) said these sessions have been fully subscribed despite tripling the capacity for the guided walks from 15 to 45 people per day.

Six more dates have since been set for the guided walks, on Sept 10 and 11, Nov 23 and 24 and Dec 22 and 23. Each session can accommodate up to 45 people.

These two-hour guided walks will be jointly organised by NParks and nature groups such as WildSingapore and Nature Society Singapore. Visitors will be introduced to marine species like the Giant Clams, Black Sea Cucumbers, Seahorses, among others.

Speaking to reporters on the sidelines of the guided walk along Sisters’ Islands today (July 15), Minister of State for National Development Desmond Lee said NParks will also look at how to manage the number people visiting the area to balance conservation against visitorship.

“We have bookings online, so we control the numbers through guided tours. Of course people are free to visit the island, but when they do so, we strongly encourage them to be respectful of the biodiversity and fragile ecosystem here,” he said.

As the guided walks are currently limited to the shores off Sisters’ Islands, Mr Lee said certain areas will have to be maintained first for research and education purposes before considering if they will be opened to members of the public.

Future plans for the marine park include building a marine research centre on St John’s Island next year and the installation of light infrastructure, such as stepping stones, for the area.

Strong demand for tours at S’pore’s first marine park
SIAU MING EN Today Online 16 Jul 14;

SINGAPORE — The Republic’s first marine park, located on islands off Singapore’s southern shores, has drawn keen interest.

The number of places for the first two guided tours, which will be held next month, had to be tripled, and all 90 slots have been taken up.

Yesterday, during an introductory guided walk for the media and Minister of State (National Development) Desmond Lee, the National Parks Board (NParks) announced six more dates for these guided walks from September to December.

Although the marine park, which spans about 40ha around the Sisters’ Islands and along the western reefs of St John’s Island and Pulau Tekukor, is publicly accessible, these two-hour guided tours are led by trained volunteers who can share their knowledge of the origins, habitats and fun facts about these marine species, which are unique to the waters there and visible only during low tide.

These species include carpet anemone, moon snails, black sea urchins, sea stars, octopus, flower crab and black sea cucumber. Coral reefs, relocated from the Pulau Semakau landfill, can also be seen on the shores.

Guides will also share some dos and don’ts with visitors during these walks, such as walking on sandier parcels wherever possible to avoid stepping on the coral reefs.

The Sisters’ Islands Marine Park — roughly the size of 50 football fields — was first announced by Mr Lee during the launch of the Festival of Biodiversity last Saturday.

Speaking to reporters on the sidelines of the walk yesterday, Mr Lee said NParks would look at how to manage the number of people visiting the area to strike a balance between conservation and visitorship.

“We have bookings online, so we control the numbers through guided tours. Of course people are free to visit the island, but when they do so, we strongly encourage them to be respectful of the biodiversity and fragile ecosystem here,” he said. “We want to focus on positive conservation. We do not want to emphasise on prohibition — you can’t do this, you can’t do that. We would rather educate people, share with them and open their eyes to the tremendous beauty and education opportunities on this coral shore.”

On the possibility of setting up more marine parks in the future, Mr Lee said the focus for now would be on establishing the education, research, outreach and conservation aspects of the Sisters’ Islands Marine Park.

He shared some future plans for the marine park, including building a marine research centre on St John’s Island next year and investing in light infrastructure, such as stepping stones and boardwalks, to allow visitors to tread around the shoreline without damaging the fragile coral.

Citing Chek Jawa as an example of how NParks was able to manage the spike in public interest in the area after reclamation plans were called off, Ms Ria Tan, founder of wildlife site wildsingapore.com, believes the board will be able to handle the new park.

“The marine park announcement garnered a huge amount of public interest. NParks has the experience, so I am quite confident that they can manage it well,” she said.

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Malaysia: Thousands of caged fish found dead near Danga Bay, Johor

KATHLEEN ANN KILI The Star 15 Jul 14;

Gone to waste: Kua (third from right) inspecting some of the dead milkfish at a fish farm near Danga Bay in Johor Baru.

JOHOR BARU: Thousands of caged fish were found dead at fish farms around Danga Bay, with breeders blaming reclamation work in the area as the cause of their losses.

Fish farmer Tay Yong Peng claimed thousands of his milkfish, weighing more than 10,000kg and worth an estimated RM60,000 in two cages, had died.

He said that other breeders also suffered huge losses due to the reclamation work that had been carried out over several months for a planned expansion of the Danga Bay leisure city.

Tay believed that sediment from the reclamation process had polluted the water and entered the fish’s gills, causing them to suffocate and die.

“This is unfair to the fish farming and fishermen community here as our livelihood has been badly affected due to some irresponsible developer,” he said, adding that he supplied up to 1,000kg of milkfish in the country.

Tay, who co-owns 68 cages of milkfish at his farm near the Danga Bay site, said he was devastated when he noticed the bulk of his fish dead in their cages.

“There were hundreds of fish lying dead in the water, while some looked ill as their eyes were swollen when I saw the cages early on Sunday,” he said yesterday.

“The reclamation had been going on for the past few months but we never received any notice from either the developer or the Fisheries department about the works being done so close to our farms,” he added.

Johor MCA public service and complaints bureau chief Kua Song Tuck urged the developer to come forward and compensate the losses that the fish farmers had to bear due to the land reclamation works.

“Since the area has been largely reclaimed, the depth of the water has also dropped from 6.10m to a shocking 1.52m, making it unsuitable for fish breeding.

”I hope the Fisheries Department can help to look into the matter and maybe allocate some other area for fish breeding purposes.

“Also, provide some aid to local fishermen whose livelihood has been robbed by the developer,” Kua added.

The department and the developer were not available for comments.

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Malaysia: 43 to face rap for open burning

New Straits Times 14 Jul 14;

PUTRAJAYA: The Natural Resources and Environment Ministry has opened 43 investigation papers on open burning to be produced in court for legal action.

Its minister Datuk Seri G. Palanivel said the ministry had slapped 303 compounds for open burning and issued 94 warning letters from January until July 12.

He said 4,371 cases had been recorded so far this year — 897 cases in forest areas, 1,433 in agricultural areas, 34 cases in industrial areas, 897 cases in construction sites, and 69 cases involving landfills, 1,003 cases in bush areas while 803 involved small open burning cases.

“We will beef up enforcement during the haze season, which could lead to arrests of individuals believed to be responsible for committing offences.”

Palanivel said a provision in the act allowed the ministry’s officers to arrest individuals without the need for a warrant, adding that some 194 officers had been given training and special authorisation letters to enforce the provision.

Those convicted face a maximum fine of RM500,000 and five years’ jail. The ministry could also impose RM2,000 fine for smaller offences.

Air quality drops to moderate level in more areas
The Star 15 Jul 14;

KUALA LUMPUR: The air quality in four more areas in the country dropped to the moderate level on Tuesday, raising to 24 the number of places with such air quality compared to Monday.

The highest moderate Air Pollutant Index (API) reading of 67 was recorded in Kg Air Putih in Ipoh, according to the Department of Environment (DoE) portal.

It gave the API readings for the other places as Seberang Jaya 2, Perai (65), Bakar Arang, Sg Petani (64), Nilai, Port Klang and Cheras, Kuala Lumpur (60), Jalan Tasek, Ipoh and Seri Manjung (59), Pasir Gudang and the Historical City of Malacca (58), Perai (57), USM (56), Banting and SK Jalan Pegoh, Ipoh (55), Bukit Rambai, Port Dickson, Shah Alam and Kemaman (54), Tanah Merah (53), Kuala Selangor and Petaling Jaya (52), and Muar, Alor Star and Tanjung Malim (51).

An API reading of between zero and 50 indicates good air quality; between 51 and 100, moderate; between 101 and 200, unhealthy; between 201 and 300, very unhealthy and over 301, hazardous.

Members of the public can refer to the DOE portal at http://www.doe.gov.my to find out the API reading for their areas. - Bernama

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After the peat fires, Riau shows down-to-earth approach to ending haze

Warief Djajanto Basorie Jakarta Post 15 Jul 14;

Riau takes pride in being a major oil exporter. But one export it wants to stop is haze.

In late February through March, the province in central Sumatra withstood wildfires that razed 21,000 hectares of drained and dried peat swamps. It is a serious problem: half of Riau is an extensive peat ecosystem.

At the height of the fires on March 2, satellite images counted 1,234 hot spots spread across five regencies and the port city of Dumai.

The fires were caused by deliberate peat burning to clear the land for lucrative oil-palm planting. The police arrested 116 individuals suspected of arson.

The Environment Ministry found burning had been done on land operated by 26 companies. Big growers lost their palm crops to the wildfires. Small growers with plots of up to 5 hectares (ha) were also unable to harvest.

Canals have been built to drain the moist peat swamps that cover much of eastern Riau. Dried peat allows for easier burning. However, the fires spread quickly due to the brittle-dry peat brush and strong winds.

Unlike in June 2013, the wind did not blow eastward across the Malacca Strait — fortunately, for Malaysia and Singapore.

The burning plants also released great amounts of carbon dioxide into the air. Any buildup of large volumes of carbon gases in the atmosphere can accelerate global warming.

More than three quarters of Indonesia’s carbon emissions start from carbon-rich areas. More than 70 percent of this comes from outside forest zones, according to the National Disaster Mitigation Agency (BNPB). This means peat fires.

Riau’s peat ecosystem suffers from bleeding, or over-drainage. This makes the peat, which is accumulated decayed vegetation, highly vulnerable to fire. The province’s 4 million-plus ha of peat land is half that of the whole of Sumatra’s peat expanse.

The wildfires were such that President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono hastened to Riau and oversaw the firefighting effort from Rusmin Nurjadin Air Force Base outside Pekanbaru, the provincial capital.

As peat can run deep — more than 3 meters underground — total extinguishing of such fires is no sure thing.

The bill for material losses was estimated at Rp 15 trillion. Some Rp 150 billion was spent on putting out the fires, according to the BNPB.

Wildfires occur annually in Sumatra, Kalimantan and Papua, which have big peat ecosystems. In the midst of the Riau wildfires, Riau University (Unri) on March 3 set up its Total Solution on the Haze Hazard task force (STBA).

The task force seeks to apply approaches from an academic perspective to prevent wildfires from recurring.

Many motivated faculty members in multiple disciplines have joined the STBA initiative. The task force chief is Unri rector Ashaluddin Jalil, while Haris Gunawan is secretary.

One approach in haze mitigation is to restore the function of burned-out peat swamps as a safeguard against wildfire. Tanjung Leban village in Bengkalis regency is one place where widespread fires occurred, causing considerable damage.

Tanjung Leban is a five-hour drive north of Pekanbaru. Tanjung Leban, and particularly its subvillage of Bukit Lengkung, suffered greatly. A big fire happened on Feb. 20 destroyed homes and the small family-owned oil-palm plots.

Village head Haji Atim said he encourages residents to plant pineapples. Pineapples are easy to grow and can be harvested in one year. The fruit is marketable and can resist fires because of its thick leaves, he said.

Atim has 12,000 pineapple seedlings in a 50-by-50 meter plot behind his house. “The village now has 80 hectares planted with pineapples. We have procured big buyers who will take the produce,” he said.

Pineapples are a short-term solution. A long-term option is forest plants. Haris was guided on a visit to a 2.5 ha experimental plot owned by Muhammad Nur, a local elementary school teacher.

Nur said he had allowed his land to be used as an experimental plot to grow seven commercially viable but environmentally friendly forest plants to replace the less eco-friendly oil palm he previously raised, which was repeatedly burned.

The land, like most parts of eastern Riau, was originally moist peat swamp that was drained for oil-palm cultivation. Now Nur’s land is being rewetted by blocking the water flow in two canals on either side of the plot.

As the 3-meter-wide canals are blocked by stacks of sandbags, the water level in the canal rises and is absorbed by the canal banks. This water feeds into the ground and sustains the plants grown on the plot.

“I’ve allowed Dr. Haris from the university to use my land as an experimental plot in 2012 to replace the oil palm that was constantly destroyed by wildfire. Hopefully the seven forest plants grown here can give promise,” said Nur.

Nur admits that harvesting may not come for five to 10 years after planting. Apart from the long-term commercial return, a co-benefit is preserving these species of forest plants to allow younger generations to realize that there are such natural assets.

But what can cause threats to the plot? “Fire,” Nur replied matter-of-factly. But he is confident the moist soil can lower that risk.

Haris concurred. “We are in the beginning of the dry season. Fires could flare again,” he admitted. The Jakarta Post reported on June 26 that satellite images had identified 386 hot spots across Sumatra, with 95 percent occurring in Riau.

Haris explained that the blocking of the canals allows the peat in the soil to regain its moisture. This serves two functions. It induces multicultural cultivation against the water-hungry monoculture of oil palm, while a functioning wet peat swamp can be a fire check and a flood buffer.

Peat up to three meters thick can hold up to 2,700 millimeters of water. This volume equates to one year’s rainwater. Haris is a peat specialist and wears another hat as director of Unri’s Center for Tropical Peat Swamp Restoration and Conservation (CTPRC).

Haris has the vision to use this experimental plot as an example for all parts of Tanjung Leban and Riau, if not the country, that these forest species can re-green drained-out peat land and reduce carbon emissions.

“The wildfires were an extraordinary crime. This [rewetting of drained peat] is one way to stop fires,” Haris asserted.

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Best of our wild blogs: 14 Jul 14

July 26, Saturday: Free guided walk at Chek Jawa Boardwalk
from Adventures with the Naked Hermit Crabs

Celebrate National Day with a mangrove cleanup @ Lim Chu Kang on Saturday, 9th August 2014!
from News from the International Coastal Cleanup

Singapore's First Marine Park at Sisters Islands
from Psychedelic Nature

Giant clam project featured at the Festival of Biodiversity 2014!
from Neo Mei Lin

Terumbu Semakau: still no seagrass recovery
from wild shores of singapore

reef octopus hunting @ terumbu semakau - July 2014
from sgbeachbum

Butterflies @ Upper Peirce Reservoir Park
from Beauty of Fauna and Flora in Nature

Three species of water snakes found in Singapore’s mangroves @ Festival of Biodiversity 2014
from Monday Morgue

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Seagrass meadows at risk from reclamation

David Ee The Straits Times AsiaOne 14 Jul 14;


The largest continuous stretches of seagrass meadows are found at Chek Jawa in the north, and Pulau Semakau and Cyrene Reef in the south. These can be seen at extremely low tides. Losing these last few remaining seagrass habitats to land reclamation means losing the critically endangered and elusive dugong. It passes through local waters and depends on seagrass as its main food source.

Half of Singapore's only flowering sea plants killed in the last 50 years

LAND reclamation is putting Singapore at risk of losing all of its seagrass meadows - lush, underwater "gardens" of the only flowering plants that live in the sea.

A National University of Singapore (NUS) study has found that filling the island's coastal waters with sand over the almost five decades since independence has killed 1.6 sq km of seagrass - nearly half of the country's total.

Dredging and reclamation works either bury it or cloud the water with sediment, blocking out the sunlight that it needs to thrive.

"One of the main threats to seagrasses is declining water quality," said marine ecologist Siti Maryam Yaakub, who recently graduated after carrying out the four-year study as a PhD student.

"It can take weeks to months for the suspended sediment to settle."

Seagrass meadows are often confused with seaweed, which is an algae. They were once commonplace along parts of the west and east coasts, and the southern islands.

Today, the largest continuous stretches are congregated at Chek Jawa in the north, and Pulau Semakau and Cyrene Reef in the south. These can be seen at extremely low tides.

Future land reclamation would threaten these last few remaining habitats, said Dr Siti.

Singapore's land use plans beyond 2030, released in January last year, indicate possible large-scale reclamation at Pulau Semakau, the country's sole landfill site.

Chek Jawa at Pulau Ubin has also been previously under threat of reclamation.

Seagrass meadows harbour crabs and prawns, and are nursery habitats for juvenile fish.

Losing the meadows would also mean losing the critically endangered and elusive dugong, or sea cow, said Dr Siti. It passes through local waters and depends on seagrass as its main food source.

Given Singapore's small land area, Dr Siti does not expect the Government to scale back reclamation plans. She only hopes that the "unsung" seagrass will be given the same consideration as similarly threatened coral reefs.

Indeed, various recent government efforts to relocate Singapore's declining number of reefs are helping to save them from reclamation and port development.

This could save the country's seagrass too, said Dr Siti.

"The fact that we still have seagrass when a lot of big cities in coastal areas have lost theirs is something to be proud of... we should try as much as possible to preserve what we have left."

Dr Siti's work was published last month in the Marine Pollution Bulletin.

NUS marine biologist, Professor Chou Loke Ming, who has dived in seagrass meadows, compared them to "tall fields of lalang grass" in the sea.

"But we shouldn't appreciate them just for their beauty. We have to appreciate what they provide as an ecosystem and a habitat," he said.

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$12k grant to help scientist make waves with clam research

Cheryl Faith Wee The Straits Times AsiaOne 14 Jul 14;

A seven-year-old cultured fluted giant clam. Once commonly found here, giant clams are now few in number as their natural habitat has been lost to land reclamation and pollution.

Most people think of food when they think of clams, but for biological sciences researcher Neo Mei Lin, conservation is what comes to mind.

The National University of Singapore (NUS) scientist goes scuba diving about twice a month to survey the giant clam population and scrubs their shells to ensure they stay healthy in a hatchery.

Once commonly found here, giant clams are now few in number as their natural habitat has been lost to land reclamation and pollution.

Dr Neo, 28, is receiving funds to help her in her quest to conserve clams: She became one of 10 people from NUS and the Nanyang Technological University to win US$10,000 (S$12,400) grants each from the World Future Foundation (WFF) on Thursday.

This was the fifth year that the non-profit group gave awards to PhD students for their research in environmental sustainability.

Dr Neo, who has been involved in research on the giant clam population here since 2007, will use part of the money on equipment and overseas workshops.

She still remembers the first wild giant clam she saw. It was a fully grown one of about 40cm in length, spotted at Pulau Jong off the southern coast of Singapore.

"The tide had gone out and it was sitting on a patch of sand. It was brownish green and had a striped pattern on its shell. In May, I came across the same clam again. I brought it back to our lab and took healthy eggs from it," she said. Giant clams can grow to become more than 1m long and weigh more than 300kg.

Other research projects this year include those on energy storage and solar cells.

Dr Feng Lun, WFF board chairman, hopes the projects are sustained. "Even if they start off as very tiny things, they can have effects that will snowball and help humanity and mankind," he said.

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Malaysia: Wanted - turtle eggs

TAN CHENG LI The Star 14 Jul 14;

Since saving the eggs will save the turtles, one turtle guardian is stopping as many eggs as possible from reaching the market.

WHEN word went out in early May that a new turtle hatchery has come up in Chendor, Pahang, and the owner was looking to buy eggs, the response was swift. In no time, collectors with pails of soft-shelled, golf-ball-sized eggs, freshly dug out from their nests, showed up at the hatchery. They were paid cash, which probably explained their willingness to sell to the facility instead of to market vendors.

In just over two months, the facility has purchased 3,069 green turtle eggs from 67 nests and 53 painted terrapin eggs from four nests – that’s over 3,000 eggs saved from being consumed, and potentially over 3,000 turtle hatchlings given a shot at survival.

At the new hatchery, the eggs were buried for incubation and in late June, Angela Hijjas caught her first sight of hatchlings emerging from their nest and scampering to sea.

“It’s a great experience to come face to face with wildlife, not in a zoo, but in a natural setting,” says the ardent supporter of the arts and the environment, who had set up the hatchery. “It’s also rewarding to know that you’ve actually had a role in nurturing something.”

Turtle nesting sites

The long shoreline between Cherating and Chendor in Pahang is known to host nesting turtles. The Fisheries Department has gazetted the southern stretch at Cherating as a turtle sanctuary, so all the eggs laid there go to its hatchery. However, the northern portion of the beach, which is where Angela’s property sits, is unprotected. That means the eggs are collected and sold in markets.

Angela shares that her husband, award-winning architect Hijjas Kasturi, had bought the 12ha piece of land in 1969. It was left idle all these years because the site lacked access, except from the beach. Recently, after acquiring land that provides a route to their site, they decided to build a resort there. Angela, being passionate about the environment, insisted on the project having a conservation value to compensate for the development.

Doing something for the turtles was the obvious thing: “Because my land is near the beach, and I know turtles come up there and people are digging up the eggs and selling them. That’s something I would like to change. It’s easy to do, and I can afford it. If the eggs are not re-buried, they’d be eaten.”


Keeping prices stable

Angela, 64, is based in Kuala Lumpur, so she employs a worker with knowledge of turtle hatcheries. She also gets advice and assistance from Pak Su, a tour guide experienced in turtle conservation efforts in Geliga, Kemaman. The facility will be opened to the public and the Pahang Malaysian Nature Society will support the centre by planning educational visits for students.

Angela has spent almost RM8,000 in two months just to purchase the eggs, paying RM2.50 for a turtle egg and RM4 for a terrapin egg. She keeps to the market rates, as advised by a Fisheries Department official.

“I was told that if I offered higher prices, it might lead to thefts of eggs belonging to the department. It’s in everyone’s interest to keep the price stable so we can get as many eggs as possible into hatcheries.

“We will buy any eggs available during the peak season, which is from April to October.

“According to Pak Su, there were 1,900 landings in the area from the southern coast of Terengganu to Cherating last year. Each nest averages 100 eggs. That means, about 200,000 eggs can be found. Some will go to hatcheries, but most will end up in markets. In Terengganu markets, there is no shortage of turtle eggs.”

The collectors are not selling all the eggs to her; it seems they keep half of what is collected, most probably for personal consumption. In any case, Angela’s effort is rescuing at least a portion of the eggs. And there were no records in the past of the total landings in the area; there is now, as her staff records all egg purchases and hatchlings.

She has also instructed her workers to release the baby turtles upon emergence from the nest and not keep them in tanks. In many hatcheries, it is common practice to retain the hatchlings in order to show visitors, but this can affect their survival in the wild.

Taking action

Of course, buying turtle eggs to prevent them from ending up in someone’s stomach is an expensive conservation exercise, but until state governments outlaw the consumption of turtle eggs, this is one way to safeguard the future of turtle species.

“For me, it’s a way of actually doing something that might make a difference,” says Angela. “We’ve already had over 3,000 eggs, out of that only two or three will make it to maturity (scientists say only one in 1,000 hatchlings will reach adulthood). But for me, that’s money well-spent. It’s something I can do.

“I have been involved in environmental conservation efforts, but sometimes the decision-making process must consider all parties. This was a decision and initiative I could take on my own.

“It’s something within my control and my capacity, so why not? Am I going to spend the money on a fancy handbag? I don’t think so.”

In any case, Angela is optimistic that when the resort is completed, guests and visitors will not mind having the cost of a turtle nest added to their bills.

“That may be one way of defraying the cost, but at the moment, I intend to continue (funding the project).

“I’ll go on as long as I can. Thanks to the inheritance from my parents, I have the money to do this. If they knew, they’d be pleased. So, it’s something for them as well.”

She says the resort will consist of only 27 chalets so that the natural vegetation is retained. The site has sand dunes and typical East Coast coastal forest consisting of casuarina trees on the beach and jambu laut and nibong palm further inland.

A survey by the Forest Research Institute of Malaysia shows it has over 50 tree and plant species. Botanists have also identified some sites worth conserving as these have unique species and are examples of coastal forests that we have little of now.

Angela also intends to replace the non-native and invasive acacia trees growing on the road leading to her property.

Given her way, this site might eventually mirror Rimbun Dahan, her 6ha home in Kuang, Selangor, where she grows various plants and tropical forest trees, effectively turning it into a repository of culturally important and rare flora. Her new project in Chendor will be that, and more, as there is the addition of a turtle sanctuary.

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Malaysia: High waves hit northern states after supermoon

ROYCE TAN The Star 14 Jul 14;

GEORGE TOWN: Septuagenarian Tee Ah Ghim watched in fear as waves hit the walls of her squatter house at Pantai Bersih in Bagan Ajam.

The 70-year-old retiree, who has been living there for more than five years with her younger sister, in her 60s, is fearful of the recurrence of an incident in 2010 where strong tidal waves swept away fishing boats and damaged property there.

“I hope that the high tide will recede soon. If the waves hit any higher, most of our things will be damaged and we won’t have any other place to live,” said Tee as she stared solemnly out of her window.

The southwesterly winds travelling between 40kph and 50kph, whipped up waves up to 3.5m over the waters off Perlis, Kedah, Penang, Sarawak (Miri), Sabah (Kudat and West Coast) and Labuan yesterday.

The strong winds also sent waves crashing over the seawall at the Esplanade here.

Several popular seafront locations, such as Batu Ferringhi, also experien­ced rough seas and strong winds.

While many would try to avoid the splash, American tourist Rebekah Russell, 22, enjoyed getting soaked and even continued her stroll along the seafront alone.

She described the high waves as a rare thing and never experienced such a phenomenon before.

At the coastal road along Lebuhraya Tun Dr Lim Chong Eu near Teluk Kumbar, the high tide sent sea water seeping through the gaps and holes between the seawall, creating huge puddles of water on the road.

Traffic slowed to a crawl as motorists tried to avoid the water.

There was a lunar perigee on Saturday when the moon was closer to Earth than at any other time and appeared larger than usual. The phenomena is also referred to as “supermoon”.

During this time, the tidal force is stronger, causing higher tides than usual. High waves also occurred in Koh Samui (Thailand), Labuan, Straits of Malacca (north) and Sulu.

A check at the Meteorological Department’s website showed that strong northeasterly winds of 50kph to 60kph with waves up to 4.5m hit Layang Layang island off Sabah, Phuket in Thailand, Condore island off southern Vietnam and Palawan island in the Philippines.

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Japan sees lower chance of El Nino this summer, high chance in autumn

Yuka Obayashi PlanetArk 11 Jul 14;

Japan's weather bureau said on Thursday that the possibility of an El Nino pattern forming this summer is lower than previously forecast, but it sees a high chance in autumn.

The Japan Meteorological Agency, which said last month that the El Nino phenomenon could emerge this summer and last at least until autumn, now expects one could only emerge sometime between September and November.

The El Nino - a warming of sea-surface temperatures in the Pacific - can trigger drought in Southeast Asia and Australia and floods in South America, hitting production of key foods such as rice, wheat and sugar.

The weather bureau lowered its forecast for sea surface temperatures in the monitoring area for summer as it expected the temperatures in July and August would be closer to average, Ikuo Yoshikawa, weather forecaster at the Japan Meteorological Agency said by phone.

Last month, the U.S. weather forecaster gave its strongest forecast that an El Nino weather phenomenon will strike during the Northern Hemisphere summer, pegging the likelihood at 70 percent in its monthly outlook. That was in line with the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's latest outlook.

(Reporting by Yuka Obayashi; Editing by Michael Urquhart and Michael Perry)

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India: Monsoon rains sharply lower than average

Ratnajyoti Dutta PlanetArk 11 Jul 14;

Monsoon rainfall was 41 percent below average for the week ended July 9, the weather office said on its website on Thursday, the fifth straight week of poor rains after a late start to the season.

A poor monsoon season cuts exports, stokes food inflation and leads to lower demand for industries ranging from cars to consumer goods, while even a slow start can delay exports of some crops and increase the need for imports.

Rainfall was 53 percent below average in the previous week as the first month of the June-September rain season was the weakest in five years.

The seasonal deficiency stood at 43 percent below average even after the gap shrank last week due to marginal improvement in rainfall in some areas of central and north India.

Last week, rains occurred in many parts of soybean areas of central region and cane areas of north region, but the downpours were far less than averages. Weather officials said a cyclone 'Nanauk' over the Arabian Sea delayed progress of the annual rains towards the central and north regions, causing a huge gap in the seasonal downpours.

"Lull in monsoon continues though rainfall activities are expected to improve in the next two to three days," said D.S. Pai, lead forecaster of the Indian weather office. India, one of the world's top producers and consumers of rice, corn, cooking oil, sugar and cotton, relies heavily on the summer rains as nearly half of its farmland is rain-fed.

The farm sector accounts for around 14 percent of its nearly $2 trillion economy, and two-thirds of the 1.2 billion population live in rural areas.

This year, monsoon arrived five days late on the Kerala coast, and then covered half of India four days later than the usual date of June 15.

(Reporting by Ratnajyoti Dutta; editing by William Hardy)

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World cities, home to most people, to add 2.5 billion more by 2050: U.N.

Mirjam Donath PlanetArk 11 Jul 14;

More than half of the world's seven billion people live in urban areas, with the top "mega cities" - with more than 10 million inhabitants - being Tokyo, Delhi, Shanghai, Mexico City and Sao Paulo, according to a United Nations report on Thursday.

That proportion is expected to jump, so that more than six billion people will be city dwellers by 2045, the U.N.'s World Urbanization Prospects report said. link.reuters.com/buj42w

The jump will be driven by a "preference of people to move from rural to urban areas, and the overall positive growth rate of the world's population, which is projected to continue over the next 35 years," John Wilmoth, director of the Population Division in the UN's Department of Economic and Social Affairs said at a news conference Thursday at the UN.

Indeed, urbanization, combined with overall population growth, will boost the number of people in cities by 2.5 billion over the next three decades, with much of that growth in developing countries, especially in Asia and Africa.

India, China and Nigeria will make up 37 percent of the projected growth in the next three decades, with India adding 404 million city residents, China 292 million, and Nigeria 212 million, by 2050.

The key challenge for these countries will be to provide basic services like education, health care, housing, infrastructure, transportation, energy and employment for their growing urban populations.

"Managing urban areas has become one of the most important development challenges of the 21st century," Wilmoth said.

He said providing such services for a dense urban population was typically cheaper and less environmentally damaging than doing the same for a dispersed, rural population.

"The thing to be afraid of is situations in which governments do not plan for the growth that is going to take place," Wilmoth said. "Then you can get sprawls, and slums and cities that are not pleasant places to live."

The world's urban population has grown so rapidly that while in 1990, there were only ten mega cities, today there are nearly three times as many - 28 worldwide.

Sixteen of those are in Asia, four in Latin America, three each in Africa and Europe, and two in Northern America.

Tokyo is the world's most populous city with 38 million inhabitants, followed by Delhi with 25 million, Shanghai with 23 million and Mexico City, Mumbai and Sao Paulo, each with around 21 million people. link.reuters.com/tej42w

The New York-Newark urban area, the world's third-largest in 1990, fell to ninth place and is expected to drop further to 14th position by 2030 as cities in developing countries become more prominent, the report said.

Low fertility, economic contraction and natural disasters were the most common factors that contributed to population losses in some Asian and European cities in recent years. Emigration was also a factor.

Meanwhile, the world's rural population, which is now close to 3.4 billion, is expected to reach its peak by 2020, after which it will decline to 3.1 billion by 2050.

While Africa and Asia are urbanizing rapidly, they are still home to nearly 90 percent of the world's rural population.

(Editing by Bernadette Baum)

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