Best of our wild blogs: 4 Apr 15

Green Drinks (April) – Reducing Carbon Emissions
from Green Drinks Singapore

Common Chaser Ovipositing
from Bird Ecology Study Group

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Dry spell is ending, bring out the brollies

Carolyn Khew The Straits Times AsiaOne 4 Apr 15;

Singapore's dry spell is coming to an end.

The total rainfall for the first half of this month is expected to be normal, in contrast to the past two months when there had been less rain than the long-term average.

The National Environment Agency (NEA) said in its latest fortnightly weather forecast that Singapore is expected to have short-duration thundery showers in the afternoons on six to eight days over the next fortnight - with heavy showers at times.

The next two weeks are also expected to have some warm days with temperatures reaching 34 deg C, and slightly hazy conditions.
The island recorded 45mm to 233mm of rain last month, with the lowest level in the eastern part.

The usual average rainfall for March is 185mm, according to the NEA.

The country's dry phase usually begins in February but this year it started in mid-January.

Assistant Professor Jason Cohen of the National University of Singapore's department of civil and environmental engineering said there is "no scientific consensus" for this development, but global climate change could be one possibility.

"During the inter-monsoon period, it won't be as dry due to sporadic thunderstorms," he said. "The rain amount will go up."

The NEA also said that in the next two weeks, inter-monsoon conditions are expected to prevail across the region, with winds mostly light and variable in direction.

During this season, the Sun is directly above the Equator due to the tilt of the Earth's axis. This accounts for a higher midday temperature in equatorial countries like Singapore.

The hotter temperature is also what causes downpours later in the day. As the surface heats up, warm air rises into the atmosphere, cools down and the water vapour condenses to produce clouds, and eventually rain.

In Singapore, it is more likely to rain during the inter-monsoon season compared to other countries near the Equator because the island is surrounded by a lot of water, according to Dr Cohen.

"Equatorial countries with a large land fraction will see these effects only along their coastlines," he added.

For Ms Soon Kam Mee, 57, the expected rainy weather means it will take longer for her laundry to dry.

"It will definitely be inconvenient but no choice. Hopefully it will be windier so the clothes can dry quickly," said the housewife, who works part-time at a restaurant.

Mr Adaldo Salvatore, manager of Italian restaurant Rosso Vino in Robertson Quay, plans to enclose a section of his outdoor seating area with glass panels, allowing customers to "eat out" while still sheltered.

The 25-year-old said: "In November and December, it rained almost every day and my business was really affected."

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Malaysia: Roadkills running into thousands from 2006

PATRICK LEE The Star 4 Apr 15;

PETALING JAYA: A dead tapir was the last thing Vicki Chew, 27, expected to see on the road to Kemaman.

Abandoned and alone, it had come to die by the East Coast roadside in February, presumably killed by a passing motorist.

“My boyfriend was driving along the highway when we spotted the tapir. He kept on driving, but I told him to go back.

“I couldn’t bear leaving it lying there just like that,” the Universiti Malaysia Terengganu student told The Star.

Getting out, she ran to take a closer look. It seemed untouched except for a wound near its spine.

Before continuing her journey, she called the Malaysian Conservation Alliance for Tigers (Mycat), who then called the authorities.

The tapir Chew found is one of possibly hundreds, if not thousands, of wild animals killed by vehicles while trying to cross roads here each year.

The Department of Wildlife and National Parks (Perhilitan) said 1,924 wild animals were reported killed on the road from June 2006 to June last year.

“Most were mammals such as civets, wild boars, macaques, leopard cats and tapirs,” a spokesman said.

Roadkill, he said, were mainly found on highways close to forests and identified seven stretches where these occurred. These included Lipis-Gua Musang, Kuala Krai-Gua Musang, Kulai-Kota Tinggi.

The spokesman said many more deaths might have gone unreported.

To stop this, he said millions of ringgit had been spent to build warning signs and raise road platforms known as viaducts.

Though he did not specify the exact amount, it is understood that more than RM100mil had been spent on viaducts alone.

However, he said deaths continued because of wildlife habitats being destroyed, poor mitigation after highways were built and broken roadside fencing.

He said more roadkills would occur if official plans preserving forest areas were not followed, especially in areas which are within or nearby wildlife habitats.

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Malaysia: Businesses in Johor forced to close due to water disruption

SIM BAK HENG New Straits Times 3 Apr 15;

JOHOR BARU: Food sellers are forced to shut down their business today as their tap runs dry since yesterday following the closure of two water treatment plants along Sungai Johor.

The closure was due to water contamination caused by oil spill along a 15-kilometre stretch of the river.

Businesses which largely depend on water to operate such as saloons, laundry shops and car wash, could only offer limited service or even have to stop their service.

Food seller Hussain Yusof, of Bandar Baru Uda, said he couldn't open his food stall this morning as there was no water supply.

"Food business is always the most severely affected whenever there is water disruption, as we need water to make drinks and for cleaning purpose.

"As I operate my business only in the morning, I could not open my stall today at all. This is a big loss.

"Even at home, my tap runs dry starting yesterday afternoon, it was not easy to sleep last night without bathing, especially when the weather is hot these days," he said.

Saloon owner Anika Turis said she could only offer hair cut today, but no perming and washing service as both need plenty of water.

"Surprisingly there was no water disruption notice this time, or else we will have enough time to store some water," she said.

Housewife Lily Foong, from Taman Impian Emas, said it is annoying to sleep without bathing last night, and to wait up without any water to bath and brush teeth.

She hoped the water supply will resume by today, as it is very irritating to live without water.

It was reported a major oil spill which occurred at the upstream of Sungai Johor has forced SAJ Holding Sdn Bhd, the concessionaire which supplies treated water in Johor, to shut down the operations of the Semanggar and Sungai Johor treatment plants from 8am on Thursday.

As a result of the closure, some 1.25 million people from a total of 250,000 establishments, including households, living in Johor Baru, Nusajaya and part of Kulaijaya are expected to experience water disruption.

Immediately after the discovery of the oil slick, the Johor government had mobilised officers from the Department of Environment, SAJ Holdings Sdn Bhd and the Johor Health Department to come up with precautionary measures, such as installing silt-curtain like structure to prevent the spread of the oil spill further down the river.

Initial investigation traced the oil spill to a used tyre processing factory near Felda Taib Andak in Kulai.

There are five water treatment plants located along Sungai Johor. The other three, which are located further down the river, are the Sungai Sayong, Linggiu, and Bandar Tenggara treatment plants.

Meanwhile, SAJ Holdings head of corporate communication Jamaluddin Jamil said the two treatment plants had resumed operation from 11.30am today.

Factory owner linked to spill
YEE XIANG YUN The Star 4 Apr 15;

JOHOR BARU: The owner of a factory that may have caused an oil spill in Sungai Johor could face legal action for negligence.

If the water samples collected from the drains near the factory in Felda Taib Andak, Kulaijaya, and Sungai Johor match, the factory owner could be charged soon, said state Department of Environment director Mokhtar Abdul Majid.

He said the samples were collected on Thursday and had been sent to the Chemical Department to be tested.

“We will compile the investigation papers and submit them to the Public Prosecutor’s office for further action,” he said yesterday.

Mokhtar said the state DOE had sealed the factory and directed it to stop operations pending the outcome of the chemical report.

“Usually it takes about two weeks but in urgent cases like this, we will push for the results,” he said.

Workers from the factory which believed to be the caused of the huge oil slick in Sungai Johor gathering the fabric sheets used to contain oil at Sungai Johor near Kulaijaya. ABDUL RAHMAN EMBONG / The Star.

The oil spill was believed to be diesel-based and could have come from tyre burning, which produces oil as a by-product.

The spill forced the Semangar and Sungai Johor water treatment plants to be closed, affecting some 500,000 residents in parts of Nusajaya, Kulaijaya, Ulu Tiram and here.

Checks by The Star found that stacks of used tyres were stored in a vacant land next to the factory.

A visit to a stream that supplies water to the treatment plants saw some workers putting up an oil boom with fabric sheets to contain the spill.

Sungai Johor and Semangar water treatment plants resumed operations at 9am and 11.30am respectively yesterday.

Syarikat Air Johor (SAJ) corporate communications chief Jamaluddin Jamal said continuous filtering and treatment had to be done to ensure that it was safe for consumption before the plants were reopened.

Water supply was restored in stages after that.

For more information, contact the SAJ Info Centre hotline at 1800-88-7474 or SMS 019-772 7474 or email customer.care@saj.com.my.

Water running again in three major Johor districts
YEE XIANG YUN AND NORBAITI PHAHARORADZI The Star 3 Apr 15;

KOTA TINGGI: The Sungai Johor water treatment plant here resumed operations at 9am Friday a day after it was closed due to oil spill.

The plant, and another one in Semangar, were closed on Thursday after the oil spill was detected along Sungai Johor, causing major water supply disruption to some 500,000 consumers in Johor Baru, Kulaijaya and Nusajaya.

Syarikat Air Johor corporate communications chief Jamaluddin Jamal said the Semangar water treatment plant was still closed as the water still reeked of diesel odour.

He said the public will receive water supply in stages from the Sungai Johor water treatment plant throughout today.

For more information, contact the SAJ Info Centre hotline at 1800-88-7474 or SMS 019-772 7474 or email customer.care@saj.com.my.

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Controversial mine threatens Indonesian dive mecca

Activists are taking legal action to try and stop mining on the tiny Indonesian island of Bangka, a hotspot of marine biodiversity in the Coral Triangle.
Johnny Langenheim The Guardian 3 Apr 15;

Bangka is a tiny 480 sq km island situated just off the northern tip of Sulawesi Island, Indonesia in the heart of the Coral Triangle. It’s just 30km from Manado, the capital of North Sulawesi province. Bangka borders a marine park that protects two world famous dive sites, Bunaken and Lembeh, although many divers consider Bangka’s reefs to be just as impressive, not least the dive operators that run resorts there. The seascape here is a global hotspot of marine biodiversity, supporting rare species like pygmy sea horses, leaf fish and dugongs as well as turtles, white tip reef sharks and even whales. But an allegedly illegal mining operation is said to be changing the face of the island and threatening the fertile waters that surround it.

Under Indonesian law, mining on islands smaller than 2,000 sq km that adversely affects the local environment is prohibited. PT Mikgro Metal Perdana (MMP), an Indonesian subsidiary of Hong Kong based Aempire Resource Group, has been seeking licenses to extract iron ore from Bangka since 2008. According to dive operators and local residents, the company has already caused extensive environmental damage, including coastal excavation and land reclamation near sensitive coral reefs. Yet the company has enjoyed the support of officials at both the local and national level.

Sompie Singal, head of the North Minahasa Regency where Bangka is located, has issued a series of permits for MMP to explore for iron ore in a 2000ha concession – almost half of Bangka’s total area. An Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) was approved by 26 out of 27 government officials and specialists, despite the global significance of Bangka’s coastal ecosystems and its close proximity to the Bunaken National Park, home to some of the highest levels of marine biodiversity on earth. Veronica Kumurur, Head of Urban and Regional Planning at Sam Ratunlangi University in Manado gave the only No vote. “They didn’t submit a detailed engineering plan, so how could we assess the environmental impact?” she says. “They also wanted to build a dam and a smelter on the island. I don’t think that is possible without damaging Bangka’s unique ecosystems.”

In July 2014, former Minister for Energy & Minerals Jero Wacik, who is currently under investigation for alleged graft in two unrelated cases, issued MMP a license to operate. This appears to directly contravene a ruling by Indonesia’s Supreme Court in September 2013 that effectively blocked further mining exploration on Bangka.

But MMP claims the license issued by Wacik shortly before his resignation invalidates the prior ruling. Images taken by tourists and dive operators as recently as this month appear to show the ongoing development of coastal roads, concrete jetties constructed over reefs for the landing of heavy machinery and nearby corals swamped in sediment. In February last year, angry locals tried to prevent an MMP boat carrying mining vehicles from landing on Bangka and a few months later, a group of divers claimed that MMP security threw rocks at them and deleted photos they had taken of damaged coral. On 18 March the Jakarta Post reported that 18 Chinese nationals were alleged to be working on the island illegally.

Save Bangka Island, a coalition of local people, environmentalists, divers and activists that has received support from Greenpeace and Change.org, is leading the campaign to stop the mining. Indonesian rock stars Slank, who have visited Bangka on a number of occasions, are also supporting protest action. The Bangka Conservation Fund is running a crowd funding campaign to challenge MMP and its supporters in the courts on behalf of nine plaintiffs seeking to revoke the operating license issued by Jero Wacik, which they say is illegal.

The legal morass surrounding developments in Bangka is all too common in Indonesia, with local officials issuing controversial permits to extract natural resources, sometimes in violation of national laws. Corruption within the judicial system can make it all the more difficult to challenge controversial resource extraction contracts. As of March 2015, local administrators in North Sulawesi had issued a total of 145 mining licenses (IUP) according to Marly Gumalag, head of the General Mining Sector of the Department of Energy and Mineral Resources in North Sulawesi. At a recent meeting with tourism industry representatives in Manado, North Sulawesi governor Sinyo Harry Sarundajang played down the reported impacts of the mining development, calling into question evidence of negative environmental impacts.

On 12 March, a delegation of Supreme Court representatives, the nine local plaintiffs suing MMP and the three lawyers representing them, carried out an official inspection of mining sites on Bangka. According to Didi Koleangan from NGO the People’s Alliance Against Mining (AMMALTA), local people including seven of the nine plaintiffs were prevented from taking part by police. She also stated that MMP removed heavy equipment ahead of the inspection, a claim supported by dive operators on the island. An MMP spokesperson did not respond to requests for comment.

The current court case challenges the legality of the license to operate issued by the Ministry for Energy & Minerals. A verdict is expected in the next two months. Many environmentalists view Bangka as a crucial test case that could play a major role in determining the fate of other small, ecologically sensitive islands in Indonesia that harbour natural resources. The bigger question is whether the world’s largest archipelagic nation can manage its marine resources sustainably - a key element in President Joko Widodo’s grand plan to turn Indonesia into a major maritime power.

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Best of our wild blogs: 3 Apr 15

Under the Sea! Holiday Workshop
from News from Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum

Striped Tit-babbler or Pin-striped Tit-babbler?
from Singapore Bird Group

Sharing about our shores at the EDGE Programme
from wild shores of singapore

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Conserving Singapore's corals: Saving the reefs surrounding Pulau Hantu

Audrey TanThe Straits Times AsiaOne 3 Apr 15;

To save Singapore's corals, 14 undergraduates last month went up to 12m underwater to monitor and photograph the reefs surrounding Pulau Hantu.

They did so as part of a marine conservation project called Reef Alert, partially funded by the National Youth Council. Data collected will be sent to the National Parks Board.


1. Survey area is decided based on factors such as currents, layout of the reef, time and available manpower.

A grid-like structure called a quadrat is made using plastic pipes and rope.

Measuring 1m by 1m, each quadrat has 16 squares of equal size which the divers use to frame their photographs.

The second layer of the quadrat supports an underwater camera to ensure that photographs of the squares are taken from the same distance.

2. The first group of divers marks out the survey area using tape measures.

A clothes peg is placed at 1m intervals along the line.

For the first dive, the group aims to cover a reef area of about 40sq m, or 40 quadrats.

3. In groups of three, the students photograph the rich marine life using the quadrat.

It takes each team about 45 minutes to monitor 10 quadrats.

Data analysis is done on land.

Students will screen the photos, and identify and quantify the types of marine life - such as the types of coral and algae - found in each image.

What are corals?

They are made up of colonies of tiny organisms called polyps.

Under environmental stress, such as a change in temperature, corals will expel algae.

Loss of algae causes coral bleaching, depriving them of a food source.

Besides corals, Singapore has other underwater gems
- The Clown Fish, which is often found among sea anemones, lives in Singapore's southern waters.
- A Lion Fish, with red and white stripes and regal fins, was spotted in the intertidal area regal of Pulau Hantu.
- The Feather Star, which resembles a flower with petals like birds' feathers, is not a plant but an animal, and can grow up to 20cm in diameter. It can be found on the reefs at the Southern Islands, or on the sea floor.


PDF of image on the Straits Times also here: http://www.straitstimes.com/sites/straitstimes.com/files/20150402/ST_20150402_VNCORAL_1198208.pdf

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Shell boosts ethylene production by 20 pct from Singapore plant

Reuters 2 Apr 15;

SINGAPORE, April 2 (Reuters) - Royal Dutch Shell has finished upgrading its Singapore ethylene cracker complex at its integrated refining-chemicals site, boosting production of ethylene by 20 percent, the company said on Thursday.

The cracker on Bukom Island, which also houses Shell's 500,000 barrels-per-day refinery, originally had a capacity of 800,000 tonnes per year (tpy) of ethylene.

The additional supply of products will support the expansion of intermediate plants on the nearby Jurong Island, including Shell's mono-ethylene glycol plant and third-party facilities, the company said in a statement.

The cracker uses a range of feedstock, including naphtha and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) to produce ethylene, a building block for plastics. (Reporting by Jessica Jaganathan; Editing by Prateek Chatterjee)

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NEA calls tender for dengue battle plan

Feng Zengkun The Straits Times AsiaOne 2 Apr 15;

SINGAPORE'S plan to use a special type of mosquito to combat the dengue virus here is about to take another step forward.

The National Environment Agency (NEA) has put up a tender to ask for proposals to study the possible side effects of using male Wolbachia-carrying mosquitoes to fight the virus.

This method to reduce dengue infections uses male Aedes aegypti mosquitoes infected with the Wolbachia bacteria, which makes them sterile.

These male mosquitoes, which do not bite, are released so they mate with the female dengue-spreaders.

These female mosquitoes will then produce eggs that do not hatch.

Over time, this can help to reduce the population of Aedes mosquitoes in Singapore, and hopefully reduce the rate of dengue infections.

The NEA noted in its tender documents that such Wolbachia-carrying mosquitoes are a promising tool for dengue control in Singapore.

However, "careful assessment of the safety and effectiveness of the technology in Singapore's environment is essential prior to its use", the NEA said.

The contractor who wins the tender will review projects in other countries that have used the Wolbachia-carrying mosquitoes, and consult experts, to determine all possible unintended consequences of using the mosquitoes.

These include ecological, economic and public health consequences, as well as those that are "positive, negative, direct, indirect, secondary, cumulative, temporary and permanent, reversible and irreversible, and in the short, medium and long term".

The contractor will also come up with ways to monitor and mitigate any undesirable consequences, where possible.

Experts told The Straits Times that trials in Australia, Indonesia and Vietnam using the mosquitoes have not resulted in any negative side effects.

Professor Duane Gubler, an epidemiologist at Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School's Programme on Emerging Infectious Diseases, who is also chair of the NEA's Dengue Expert Advisory Panel, noted: "The NEA is covering all of its bases with the tender.

"It wants to make sure it has all of the information available, and that is the right thing to do."

Dengue is endemic in Singapore and the region.

There were 2,159 dengue cases and one death here in the first 12 weeks of this year, compared to 17,600 cases and five deaths last year.

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Malaysia: Oil slick in Sungai Johor, 500,000 left high and dry

NELSON BENJAMIN The Star 3 Apr 15;

JOHOR BARU: A huge oil slick in Sungai Johor has caused a major water disruption, affecting almost 500,000 residents in three southern districts.

The spill forced the closure of the Semangar and Sungai Johor water treatment plants yesterday.

It was detected by sensors placed at the intakes of the plants, which has the capacity to supply 636 million litres of treated water per day.

The plants serve residents in Johor Baru, Kulaijaya and Nusajaya.

The previous oil spill in the area occurred several years ago but only necessitated the closing of the treatment plants for several hours.

Johor Rural and Regional Develop­ment Committee chairman Datuk Hasni Mohammad said a multi-agency task force set up to handle the problem had put up water booms to prevent the slick from reaching intakes of the treatment plants.

“Luckily, we discovered the slick before it could enter the treatment plants. For safety reasons, we have shut down the plants until we can clear the oil spill in the river,” he said.

Hasni added that the spill was believed to be diesel-based and could have come from tyre burning, which produces oil as a by-product, in Felda Taib Andak in Kulai, some 15km from the intakes.

Asked when water supply would be restored, he said the next 24 hours would be critical for the clean-up effort.

Involved in the effort are Syarikat Air Johor (SAJ), the state water regulatory authority Bakaj, the Department of Environment, Health Department and the Land Office.

It is learnt that SAJ has mobilised at least 11 tankers to supply water to “critical places”, especially hospitals, in case the treatment plants take time to start operating again.

Hasni urged residents in the three districts to store water or contact the SAJ Info Centre hotline at 1800 88 7474, SMS 019-772 7474 or e-mail customer.care@saj.com.my for assistance.

Oil spill forces closure of two water treatment plants in Johor
SIM BAK HENG New Straits Times 2 Apr 15;

JOHOR BARU: A major oil spill along Sungai Johor has forced the operations of two water treatment plants to be shut down since 8am today.

Following the temporary closure of the Semanggar and Sungai Johor treatment plants, some 1.25 million people from 250,000 households in Johor Baru, Nusajaya and part of Kulaijaya are expected to experience water disruption from 8am, at least for the next 24 hours.

Efforts by the Department of Environment, SAJ Holdings Sdn Bhd and the Johor Health Department have focused on, among others, installing silt curtain-like structures to prevent the spread of the oil spill further down the river.

Initial investigation showed that the oil spill originated from a used tyre processing factory near Felda Taib Andak in Kulai.

State Public Works, Rural and Regional Development Committee chairman Datuk Hasni Mohammad said the fuel used to burn used tyres had apparently spilled into the river and contaminated the waterway stretching for about 15 kilometres.

"We have taken all precautionary measures to prevent the oil spill from flowing further down the river or it will force us to shut down the operations of even more water treatment plants and the effect will be disastrous," he told the New Straits Times.

It is learnt that there are five water treatment plants located along Sungai Johor. The other three, which are located further down the river, are the Sungai Sayong, Linggiu, and Bandar Tenggara treatment plants.

Water treated at the Linggiu treatment plant is supplied to Singapore.

Oil spill in Sg Johor causes major water disruption
NELSON BENJAMIN The Star 2 Apr 15;

JOHOR BARU: A huge oil spill along Sungai Johor has caused a major water supply disruption, affecting almost 500,000 residents in three major districts in the south of the state.

The oil spill, which was detected at 8am, Thursday has forced the closure of two major water treatment – the Semangar water treatment plant and Sungai Johor water treatment plants.

Both the plants supply water to residents in Johor Baru, Kulaijaya and Nusajaya.

Johor Rural and Regional development committee chairman Datuk Hasni Mohammad, who described the situation as the worst pollution this year, said that immediate steps were being taken to address the problem.

He urged residents to store water or contact the SAJ Info Centre hotline at 1800-88-7474 or SMS 019-772 7474 or email customer.care@saj.com.my.

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Malaysia: Sick sun bear in viral video found

SHARON LING The Star 2 Apr 15;

KUCHING: The sick sun bear, which came to the attention of the public when a video clip of its sighting went viral earlier this year, has been found and handed over to the Sarawak Forestry Corporation (SFC).

The creature had previously eluded attempts at rescue but was finally captured by plantation workers under the guidance of SFC in Meradong district on Thursday.

The bear was surrendered to SFC's Swift Wildlife Action Team (SWAT) in Sibu and is expected to arrive at Matang Wildlife Centre here later on Thursday.

"The sun bear will be checked by a vet on arrival and arrangements have been made to nurse it back to health at the centre," SFC said.

The animal had been spotted in January by Indonesian plantation workers, who were shocked by its strange and hairless appearance.

Sun bears are the smallest of the world’s eight bear species and are found throughout mainland Asia, Sumatra and Borneo.

They classified as "vulnerable" on the IUCN Red List and are at risk of becoming endangered unless circumstances threatening their survival improve.

In Sarawak, the sun bear is protected under the Wild Life Protection Ordinance 1998.

Sick sun bear under quarantine at Matang Wildlife Centre
YU JI The Star 4 Apr 15;

KUCHING: The sick sun bear found near an oil palm estate in rural Sarawak has arrived at the Matang Wildlife Centre and is under quarantine.

"It is very weak, so we are letting the bear rest,” said Sarawak Forestry Corporation (SFC) deputy general manager Oswald Braken Tisen.

”It is under quarantine. The only test we have done is on its faeces. Results showed parasites. We've adjusted medication and food accordingly," he told The Star on Friday afternoon.

Braken said even a blood test might be too much for the animal right now. In a week or so, more examinations would be done.

The bear would need to be placed under general anaesthesia for a full check up.

"By the way, the bear is a she. She is very underweight at the moment - only about 20kg. A healthy sun bear should be 30kg to 40kg.

"We are also not sure of her age. Healthy ones can live up to 40 years in the wild," Braken added.

The animal lower would not reveal the findings of the investigations so far.

All possibilities remained open, he said, explaining the bear could have accidentally eaten poison or eaten a poisoned animal.

"Sun bears are known to eat smaller animals like rats. We know oil palm estates have rat problems, and might have used rat poison. It is entirely possible the bear got sick after eating a poisoned rat," he said.

Braken added that the Matang Wildlife Centre, which is about 30km from Kuching, would become the permanent home of the sun bear once it recovers.

"Unfortunately for bears, once they have experienced being caged, you can't put them back into the wild.

"For this one, we are estimating it might need to be with us for a couple of months, at least until its fur grows back, by then, it would have gotten used to being kept by humans," he said.

Currently, there are 11 healthy sun bears at the wildlife centre.

The sick sun bear had been spotted in January by Indonesian plantation workers, who were shocked by its strange and hairless appearance.

Photos and videos of it quickly became viral online, with many commenting on the animal's Gollum like appearance.

Sun bears are the smallest of the world’s eight bear species and are found throughout mainland Asia, Sumatra and Borneo.

They are classified as "vulnerable" on the IUCN Red List and are at risk of becoming endangered unless circumstances threatening their survival
improve.

In Sarawak, the sun bear is protected under the Wild Life Protection Ordinance 1998.

Braken said the sun bear's population in Sarawak was unknown, but the species was not likely to be endangered due to its ability to adapt, living from coastal to mountainous areas.

On another note, the SFC official said members of the public are welcomed to submit name suggestions for the sick bear.

"If the public are interested, they can suggest names. They can do so via Facebook.

"We have never given names to bears in the past. They haven't been as well known as orang utans," Braken said.

SFC's Facebook page is at facebook.com/sarawakforestry or email info@sarawakforestry.com.

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Southeast Asia faces increasingly intense climate events: analysts

JOSEPH D'URSO Reuters 2 Apr 15;

LONDON (Thomson Reuters Foundation) - Densely populated Asian islands and countries such as Taiwan, Hong Kong, Japan and the Philippines and those in Southeast Asia particularly are likely to face more intense climate events in future, analysts said on Thursday.

Islands are especially vulnerable when they have large populations and with much of their land exposed to storm surges and sea-level rises, according to research published by risk analysis group Verisk Maplecroft.

Researchers found that Taiwan, hit last year by Typhoon Matmo, was most at risk and stressed the need for all sectors to understand the extent of exposure to extreme events and long-term climate change in countries deemed most vulnerable.

"The potential impacts of climate change on physical structures, industrial processes, supply chains, and critical infrastructure are potentially devastating," researchers said in the report.

A study by the same firm last month found eight of the 10 cities most at risk from such events are in the Philippines which had "poor institutional and societal capacity to manage, respond and recover from natural hazard events".

Typhoon Haiyan killed 6,300 people in 2013 in the Philippines which is battered by more than 20 typhoons a year.

Nearly 20,000 people were killed by an earthquake and tsunami in Japan's main Honshu island in 2011.

"While uncertain, climate change projections suggest that the typhoons may be less frequent in the region, but become more intense," the group's new report said. The weather events known as El Nino and La Nina exacerbate this, the study said.

El Nino, the warming of Pacific Ocean surface temperatures which can cause drought in some parts of the world and flooding in others, and La Nina, an irregular event caused by cooling water temperatures, both threaten Southeast Asia, it said.

Droughts in the "extreme risk" Philippines, as well as in Indonesia, are "strongly related" to El Nino, the report said, blaming La Nina for flooding in the Philippines as well as in Cambodia, Thailand and Vietnam.

The study tried to quantify the risk of a country being hit by extreme climate events such as droughts, wildfires, storms and floods, as well as the dangers posed by changing temperatures and sea levels.

China is "high risk" due to increased industrial, domestic and agricultural competition for water, and some northern parts of the country have already experienced reductions in rainfall, the study said.

Elsewhere in Asia, Bangladesh also ranked high on the list of places at risk. Cyclone Sidr in 2007 killed around 3,500 people in Bangladesh, while Cyclone Aila in 2009 killed more than 300 in Bangladesh and around 150 in India.

(Reporting By Joseph D'Urso; Editing by Tim Pearce)

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