Sri Lanka floods expected to cost at least US$1.5 billion

The cost of Sri Lanka's landslides and floods will be between US$1.5 billion (1.03 billion pounds) and US$2 billion (1.37 billion pounds) at the minimum, the government said on Monday, as the Indian Ocean island struggles to recover from its worst natural disaster since the 2004 Asia tsunami.

Channel NewsAsia 23 May 16;

COLOMBO: The cost of Sri Lanka's landslides and floods will be between US$1.5 billion (1.03 billion pounds) and US$2 billion (1.37 billion pounds) at the minimum, the government said on Monday, as the Indian Ocean island struggles to recover from its worst natural disaster since the 2004 Asia tsunami.

The official death toll has risen to 92 but 109 people are feared to have been buried in landslides.

Days of torrential rain forced more than 350,000 people from their homes, though many were returning on Monday.

Finance Minister Ravi Karunanayake said more than 125,000 houses and more than 300,000 small and medium businesses were destroyed or damaged.

"This minimum damage cost does not include damaged vehicles, equipment and machinery. We urge foreign donors to channel their relief efforts through the government," he told Reuters.

(Reporting by Shihar Aneez; Editing by Nick Macfie)

- Reuters

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Tens of countries sign up to shut pirate fishers out of their ports

The first of its kind, a new international treaty obliges signatories to intercept pirate fishers before they can sell their catch
Emma Bryce The Guardian 23 May 16;

In March, the Argentinian coast guard shot at and sank a Chinese vessel that was alleged to be fishing illegally in Argentinian waters (the crew were all rescued). While it’s unclear whether the boat was committing crime, the incident showed that the tension surrounding pirate fishing is reaching a peak, marked elsewhere by increasing conflict, and the detainment and scuttling of illegal fishing fleets. But for pirate fishers, the financial gains appear to be worth these risks.

Illegal fishing vessels siphon off up to 26 million tons of illegally caught fish each year, which amounts to over $23bn (£16bn) in profit. This not only deprives legitimate fishers of their catch, but as it’s an unregulated practice, it also undermines the stability of fisheries stocks around the world. Illegal fishing also has a hand in driving already threatened species closer to extinction—like the critically-endangered vaquita, the world’s smallest porpoise, whose fate is rapidly being worsened by illegal fishers in Mexico who tangle and drown the small, protected mammals in their gill nets.

The only common ground illegal fishing vessels share with ordinary fishing boats is their dependence on ports, where they dock with their catch so they can bring it to market. If they can’t take refuge in one port, they may try their luck at the next one, assuming they’ll always have some place else to go with their illicit fish.

But a momentous new treaty, led by the Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO), aims to shut down this convenient network. Known as the Port State Measures Agreement (PSMA), the treaty, which comes into full force on 5 June, requires signatory countries to inspect or stop suspicious fishing vessels from entering their ports. Under the banner of the rule, countries that have signed now hold a legal obligation to, quite literally, leave illegal fishers out in the cold.

Over the past several years, the effort to get the treaty ratified has been quietly ticking away in the background, as countries have been slowly adding their names to the list of signatories. Recently, a spate of newcomers—Gambia, Sudan, Thailand, and Tonga among them—pushed the number above the 25 required to bring the treaty into force. And last week it reached 30 signatories, a total that includes the United States, and the European Union, which counts as one entity.

The PSMA completely changes the focus of enforcement. Whereas in the past, the battle against pirate fishing has been fought predominantly on the waves, requiring huge resources, manpower, and time to track mostly elusive pirate fishers, this new rule turns ports into the first line of defence. “You’re really just waiting for the vessels to come to you,” says Lori Curtis, who is part of the FAO fisheries team working on the new agreement. “It is novel in that it targets the ports. And it targets illegal fishers by focusing on the element that they have to use to bring their catch to market,” adds Tony Long, director of the Ending Illegal Fishing project for the Pew Charitable Trusts. “It really does pull the net quite tight around the activity.”

The treaty is unprecedented, Long adds, because it’s the only international agreement so far that tackles illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing. On the ground, it will work by imposing several measures. Firstly, incoming vessels will have to request permission to enter a port before docking, and be willing to provide information like the vessel number, and if it’s a fishing boat, the catch on board, and whether they plan to land it.

If the boat’s behaviour or its records throw up any red flags, countries can choose to block it, Curtis explains. “If they simply deny them entry, then it’s just like closing the door on that port.”. This applies not just to dodgy fisheries vessels, but extends to boats suspected of supplying illegal fishing crews with fuel, or vessels that transfer fish between boats without authorisation.

Countries already hold a sovereign right to refuse entry to their ports; this new treaty obliges them to not only enforce that but also to share information about illegal vessels with other countries, so that law-breaking boats struggle to seek safe harbour elsewhere.

This concept isn’t new: it already has practitioners on the ground—and they’re proving it can work. In the waters of southeast Africa, countries have joined forces to create FISH-I Africa, a group of eight coastal nations that track suspicious vessels and exchange information about their activities in real-time, motivated by the astonishing fact that one in four fish caught in African waters is pilfered by pirate fishers.

Since it was formed in 2012, the network has stopped a number of illegal multinational vessels from docking in African ports. In just the first two years of its existence, FISH-I Africa got illegal vessels to pay almost $3m in fines for their infringements.

The hope is for the PSMA to expand on successes like this, and elevate these efforts to a global scale. The treaty is legally binding, but currently, there’s no mechanism in place to force the 30 signatories to carry out its measures—though countries will be meeting at intervals to review enforcement amongst members. In any case, Long and Curtis both think the economic benefits of stopping pirate fishers will generate significant pressure to comply.

With big markets like the EU and he US involved in the treaty, signatory states may feel obliged to uphold it in the interests of trade, Curtis says. “You don’t want to be the port that is known for all the illegal vessels going there.”

It also opens up an avenue for increasing the traceability of seafood, enabling the flagging of products that come from unregulated ports, and prioritising those that originate from monitored sources. “Retailers and suppliers are now more interested in the provenance of their fish,” says Long—a reality that will create more motivation to abide by the rule.

But for global fisheries to experience the wide-ranging benefits of the new ruling, the treaty first needs to gather more signatories. Curtis is hopeful: the FAO has received more requests from countries wanting to become signatories, and governments are being lobbied to put the measures in place that will enable them to sign on, she says. The more countries weigh in, the more difficult that network of ports will be to exploit, and the more frequently illegal vessels will be left to bob on the waves with their unmarketable catch.

“From my point of view, the PSMA can form the lynchpin of the global effort to end illegal fishing,” Long adds. “Ultimately [illegal fishers] can’t land their fish, and that will make a change on the water.”

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Nanoplastics negatively affect aquatic animals

Lund University ScienceDaily 23 May 16;

Plastic accounts for nearly eighty per cent of all waste found in our oceans, gradually breaking down into smaller and smaller particles. New research investigates how nanosized plastic particles affect aquatic animals in different parts of the food chain.

Plastic accounts for nearly eighty per cent of all waste found in our oceans, gradually breaking down into smaller and smaller particles. New research from Lund University in Sweden investigates how nanosized plastic particles affect aquatic animals in different parts of the food chain.

"Not very many studies have been done on this topic before. Plastic particles of such a small size are difficult to study," says Karin Mattsson.

"We tested how polystyrene plastic particles of different sizes, charge and surface affect the zooplankton Daphnia. It turned out that the size of the nanoparticles that were most toxic to the Daphnia in our study was 50 nanometers," says Karin Mattsson.

Because zooplankton like Daphnia are also food for many other aquatic animals, the researchers wanted to study the effect of plastic particles higher up in the food chain. They found that fish that ate Daphnia containing nanoplastics experienced a change in their predatory behaviour and poor appetite. In several studies, researchers also discovered that the nanoparticles had the ability to cross biological barriers, such as the intestinal wall and brain.

"Although in our study we used much larger amounts of nanoplastic than those present in oceans today, we suspect that plastic particles may be accumulated inside the fish. This means that even low doses could ultimately have a negative effect," says Karin Mattsson.

Plastic breaks down very slowly in nature, and once the microscopically small plastic particles reach lakes and oceans they are difficult to remove. Plastic particles also bind environmental toxins that can become part of the food chain when consumed accidentally.

"Our research indicates the need for more studies and increased caution in the use of nanoplastics," she says.

Journal Reference:

Karin Mattsson, Mikael T. Ekvall, Lars-Anders Hansson, Sara Linse, Anders Malmendal, Tommy Cedervall. Altered Behavior, Physiology, and Metabolism in Fish Exposed to Polystyrene Nanoparticles. Environmental Science & Technology, 2015; 49 (1): 553 DOI: 10.1021/es5053655

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Biodegradable plastic 'false solution' for ocean waste problem

UN’s top environmental scientist warns bottles and bags do not break down easily and sink, as report highlights the ubiquity of plastic debris in oceans
Adam Vaughan The Guardian 23 May 16;

Biodegradable plastic water bottles and shopping bags are a false solution to the ubiquitous problem of litter in the oceans, the UN’s top environmental scientist has warned.

Most plastic is extremely durable, leading to large plastic debris and “microplastics” to spread via currents to oceans from the Arctic to the Antarctic, a UN report published on Monday found.

Greener plastics that breakdown in the environment have been marketed as a sustainable alternative that could reduce the vast amount of plastic waste that ends up in the sea after being dumped. But Jacqueline McGlade, chief scientist at the UN Environment Programme, told the Guardian that these biodegradable plastics were not a simple solution.

“It’s well-intentioned but wrong. A lot of plastics labelled biodegradable, like shopping bags, will only break down in temperatures of 50C and that is not the ocean. They are also not buoyant, so they’re going to sink, so they’re not going to be exposed to UV and break down,” she said.

Speaking at the the UN environment assembly in Nairobi, where 170 countries are meeting and expected to pass a resolution on microplastics later this week, she added: “We have detected plastics in places as far away as the Chagos Islands [in the Indian Ocean]. Even if you are remote, you are not safe from it.”

More than 300m tonnes of plastic were produced in 2014 and that is expected to swell to nearly 2,000m tonnes by 2050 on current trends, the UN report said. While the exact amount that reaches the oceans is not known, the report concluded: “plastic debris, or litter, in the ocean is now ubiquitous.”

The spread of everything from large plastic debris such as fishing gear which dolphins can become entangled with, to fragments smaller than 5mm in diameter known as microplastics, has ecological, social and economics costs.

Jellyfish, for example, are using plastic as a habitat and to hitch a ride, allowing them to extend their range. The spread of jellyfish is considered bad news by experts because of the amount of plankton they eat, taking away food from fish and other marine life.

“There is a moral argument that we should not allow the ocean to become further polluted with plastic waste, and that marine littering should be considered a ‘common concern of humankind’,” the report’s authors wrote.

The main solution to plastics in the ocean is better waste collection and recycling, particularly in the developing world, the UN said. But McGlade said that some of the biodegradable additives in plastic to allow it to break down made it harder to recycle, and potentially harmful in the natural environment.

“When you start adding all of that [additives], when it becomes waste, they [the additives] become the enemy of the environment. As consumers we need to think of the use of plastic,” she said.

The UN report said that it was only in the past decade that plastics in the ocean had been taken seriously. “Warnings of what was happening were reported in the scientific literature in the early 1970s, with little reaction from much of the scientific community.”

The Guardian’s travel and accommodation was paid for by the UN.

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World could warm by massive 10C if all fossil fuels are burned

Arctic would warm by as much as 20C by 2300 with disastrous impacts if action is not taken on climate change, warns new study
Damian Carrington The Guardian 23 May 16;

The planet would warm by searing 10C if all fossil fuels are burned, according to a new study, leaving some regions uninhabitable and wreaking profound damage on human health, food supplies and the global economy.

The Arctic, already warming fast today, would heat up even more – 20C by 2300 – the new research into the extreme scenario found.

“I think it is really important to know what would happen if we don’t take any action to mitigate climate change,” said Katarzyna Tokarska, at the University of Victoria in Canada and who led the new research. “Even though we have the Paris climate change agreement, so far there hasn’t been any action. [This research] is a warning message.”

The carbon already emitted by burning fossil fuels has driven significant global warming, with 2016 near certain to succeed 2015 as the hottest year ever recorded, which itself beat a record year in 2014. Other recent studies have shown that extreme heatwaves could push the climate beyond human endurance in parts of the world such as the Gulf, making them uninhabitable.

In Paris in December, the world’s nations agreed a climate change deal intended to limit the temperature rise from global warming to under 2C, equivalent to the emission of a trillion tonnes of carbon. If recent trends in global emissions continue, about 2tn tonnes will be emitted by the end of the century.

The new work, published in Nature Climate Change, considers the impact of emitting 5tn tonnes of carbon emissions. This is the lower-end estimate of burning all fossil fuels currently known about, though not including future finds or those made available by new extraction technologies.

The researchers used a series of sophisticated climate models and found this rise in CO2 would lead to surface temperatures rising by an average of 8C across the world by 2300. When the effect of other greenhouse gases is added, the rise climbs to 10C.

The heating predicted by the models was not uniform across the globe. In the Arctic, the higher CO2 levels led to 17C of warming, with another 3C from other greenhouse gases, across the year. These rises are higher than indicated by previous, less comprehensive models, which are less accurate at modelling how the oceans takes up heat. In February, parts of the Arctic had already recorded temperatures 16C above normal.

The warming caused by burning all fossil fuels would also have enormous impact on rainfall. The new research shows rainfall falling by two-thirds over parts of central America and north Africa and by half over parts of Australia, the Mediterranean, southern Africa and the Amazon.

Thomas Frölicher, at ETH Zürich in Switzerland and not involved in the new work, said: “Given that current trends in fossil fuel emissions would result in temperatures above [the 2C Paris] target, policymakers need to have a clear view of what is at stake both on decadal and centennial timescales if no meaningful climate policies are put in place. The unregulated exploitation of fossil fuel resources could result in significant, more profound climate change.”

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Best of our wild blogs: 23 May 16

Wild fun for kids during the June school holidays!
wild shores of singapore

Burrowing Giant Clam (Tridacna crocea) @ Sentosa
Monday Morgue

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Crude tanker storage fleet off Singapore points to stubborn oil glut

Today Online 21 May 16;

SINGAPORE — Prices for oil futures have jumped by almost a quarter since April, lifted by severe supply disruptions caused by triggers such as Canadian wildfires, acts of sabotage in Nigeria, and civil war in Libya.

Yet flying into Singapore, the oil trading hub for the world's biggest consumer region, Asia, reveals another picture: that a global glut that pulled down prices by over 70 per cent between 2014 and early 2016 is nowhere near over, and that financial traders betting on higher crude oil futures may be in for a surprise from the physical market.


A graphic from Marine Traffic. Each arrowhead represents a moving ship, while squares indicate anchored or moored ships.

"I've been coming to Singapore once a year for the last 15 years, and flying in I have never seen the waters so full of idle tankers," said a senior European oil trader a day after arriving in the city-state.

As Asia's main physical oil trading hub, the number of parked tankers sitting off Singapore's coast or in nearby Malaysian waters is seen by many as a gauge of the industry's health.

Judging by this, oil markets are still sickly: a fleet of 40 supertankers is currently anchored in the region's coastal waters for use as floating storage facilities.

The tankers are filled with 47.7 million barrels of oil, mostly crude, up 10 per cent from the previous week, according to newly collected freight data in Thomson Reuters Eikon.

That's enough oil to satisfy five working days of Chinese demand, suggesting recent supply disruptions — which have mostly occurred in the Americas, Africa and Europe — have done little to tighten supply in Asia as Middle East producers keep output near record volumes in a bid to win market share.

"The volumes of oil stored at sea in South East Asia — predominantly Singapore and Malaysia — appear to have increased significantly," said Mr Erik Broekhuizen, Global Manager of tanker research and consultancy at New York-based shipping brokerage Poten & Partners. "The current volumes are the highest for at least the last five years."

Many participants in the physical market dispute recent notes from financial players like Goldman Sachs that forecast a further rise in crude futures.

"There has been quite a bit of bullishness from hedge funds in recent months, betting on higher oil prices, and even the analysts at Goldman Sachs have recently turned more bullish on oil prices," said Mr Ralph Leszczynski, head of research at ship broker Banchero Costa.

"Prices are unlikely to rise too much as the specter of glut is still there," he said.

STORING AT A LOSS?

In fact, the need to store oil is so strong that traders are calling up banks to finance storage charters despite there being no profit in keeping fuel in tankers at current rates.

"We are receiving unusually high amounts of queries to finance storage charters," said a senior oil trade financier with a major bank in Asia.

"These queries come from traders fully aware that they will not make a profit from storing the oil. This isn't a trade play, it's the oil market looking for places to store unsold fuel," he added.

A trade financier at a European bank said there had been a "spike in interest from oil traders to finance their storage needs" since the start of the year as onshore facilities were almost full.

Both bankers declined to be identified as they are not allowed to speak to the media.

Storing oil on ships can be profitable when prices for future delivery of crude are higher than in spot market, a term structure known as contango, as long as future prices are high enough to offset tanker charter costs.

But the one-year contango for Brent crude futures has collapsed from US$7.60 (S$10.50) per barrel in January to just US$4, far below the US$10 that traders say is currently required to make floating storage financially attractive.

At a charter cost of more than US$40,000 a day for a Very Large Crude Carrier that can store 2 million barrels, the contango is nowhere near steep enough to make it profitable to store oil on tankers for sale at a later date.

"Floating storage is unattractive economically, given the current term structure in crude futures," BMI Research said this week.

Despite this, BMI said that "the volume of crude in floating storage has risen sharply in recent months," adding that the phenomenon was global, with floating storage up 19.5 percent between the first quarters of 2015 and 2016.

"There is clearly still far too much physical crude going around for the glut to be over," said the European oil trader after flying in to Singapore. "And the paper market seems blissfully unaware of it."

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Malaysia: Rains came but dams still at critical level

ROYCE TAN The Star 23 May 16;

SERDANG: Water rationing will continue in Mersing and Kota Tinggi despite most dams in critical areas showing an improvement in the level due to rain the past week.

National Water Services Commis­sion (Span) CEO Datuk Mohd Ridhuan Ismail said the rationing would continue until June 15 as the level at the water treatment plants there was still below the critical mark due to insufficient raw water flowing into the plants.

“Water levels at the Lok Heng and Sungai Gembut treatment plants are seeing an increasing trend.

“We hope the rain continues so that the situation will be better.

“The level at the Bukit Merah dam has risen significantly.

“As of Friday, the level was at 8.10m or at 74.8% capacity,” he told reporters after flagging off the Thirsty Runner 2016 here yesterday.

The Timah Tasoh dam in Perlis was at 26.18m (13.3%) and the Congok and Layang dams in Johor were at 3.77m (10.35%) and 19.12m (15.1%) respectively.

He also advised Malaysians to save water as the country’s usage per capita was at 211 litres compared to the world’s standard usage at only 150 litres.

On the logging of the Ulu Muda forest reserve in Kedah, which is also an important water catchment area, Mohd Ridhuan said both water and timber sources were under the purview of the state go­vernment.

“I’m sure that they are doing it wisely because the catchment area is part and parcel of Kedah’s water source as well,” he said.

“It’s the state government’s prerogative to monitor the situation.”


Water rationing ends for Felda Lok Heng residents
YEE XIANG YUN The Star 23 May 16;

JOHOR BARU: Residents staying at Felda Lok Heng in Kota Tinggi will be relieved to know that the scheduled water supply exercise for the area ends today.

SAJ Holdings Sdn Bhd Corporate Communications chief Jamaluddin Jamil (pic) said that this was following the increase in water levels at Sungai Sedili Kecil, which supplies water to the Lok Heng water treatment plant.

He said that the water level had reached 2.67m compared to the critical level of 1.5m recorded previously which warranted a scheduled water supply exercise to be carried out.

“This puts an end to the exercise, which began about a month ago and water supply has resumed regularly,” he said in a statement here on Monday.

The settlement, which has more than 18,000 consumers, was among the areas in Kota Tinggi and Mersing affected by water cuts on 85,000 domestic and industrial consumers since a month ago.

However, Jamaluddin said that areas receiving water supply from the Sungai Gembut, Tenglu and Sungai Mersing water treatment plants would still experience scheduled water supply for the time being.


Cloud seeding must go on in Penang
The Star 23 May 16;

GEORGE TOWN: The water situation in Penang is still not safe as the level at the dams has not reached 60% even with the recent cloud seeding operations.

Penang Water Supply Corporation Sdn Bhd (PBAPP) chief executive officer Datuk Jaseni Maidinsa said that cloud seeding should continue until the effects of El Nino taper off at the end of June.

“Both the Teluk Bahang and Air Itam dams must reach the 60% mark. Right now, it’s hovering at around 50%,” he said when commenting on the recent cloud seeding operation which was successfully carried out on Friday in the northern states.

He said the water levels at the Muda and Beris dams in Kedah were presently around 30%.

A statement on the portal of the Science, Technology and Innovation Ministry revealed that cloud seeding had brought rain to the Timah Tasoh dam in Perlis, the Beris and Ahning dams in Kedah and the Teluk Bahang and Air Itam dams in Penang.

“The Federal Government should not let up on the cloud seeding ope­rations as the dry weather is expected to continue throughout June,” said Jaseni.

He added that if cloud seeding was stopped now, the level in all the dams would drop and it could create a major issue early next year even if it rained after June.

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Indonesia: Lake Toba ecosystem badly needs protection

Erika Pardede Jakarta Post 22 May 16;

The government is now working on the establishment of a tourism authority for Lake Toba in North Sumatra as part of its program to turn the famous lake into one of the country’s major tourist destinations.

At present, the public can now enjoy newly opened direct flights between Soekarno-Hatta International Airport and Silangit Airport, near the lake. A toll road will also be built to shorten the travel time to reach the lake overland.

People will soon witness the rise of mass tourism at Lake Toba, Samosir Island and the seven regencies that share the lake. What will the impact of this tourism development be? Many people are waiting curiously, hoping that development will improves their lives. Meanwhile others are calling for a prudent approach in developing the plan.

The Lake Toba ecosystem and its surrounding area serves the people living in the area. It provides abundant fresh water. Lake Toba is recognised as the largest permanent lake body in Southeast Asia.

The basin and catchment area, through farming and fishing, supplies food to the community, whilst a forest provides wood and various herbs. For more than 20 years, two hydropower plants in Siguragura and Tangga have been supplied with water from Lake Toba.

The Lake Toba ecosystem services, in fact, go beyond those basic needs. Beside all those benefits, the lake ecosystem also plays a crucial role in regulating the water flows and water regime.

Like other lakes throughout the globe, the ecosystem of Toba also helps to regulate the atmosphere and climate, and dampen environmental disturbances such as storms and floods. It helps as a biological control mechanism to decrease destructive populations.

Moreover, the lake ecosystem also supports the process of soil formation, photosynthesis, pollination and nutrient cycling. Those processes support and affect the ability of the ecosystem to maintain its provisional processes and services.

Last but not least, Lake Toba provides cultural, spritual, recreational and aesthetic benefits for people. Batak tribes in the area are still connected to and maintain their traditional culture, handed down from generation to generation.

There are lots of myths among the native people and they practice traditional rituals. Being buried in their homeland Toba, the land of their ancestors, is something most Batak people desire. They preserve tombs and cemeteries contain graves from ancient times to the present.

Population growth and development over the past two decades has affected the ecosystem of the lake. Its catchment area faces an environmental crisis characterized by widespread deforestation, drought, water level decline, water-quality degradation, invasive species and loss of biological diversity.

Developing the lake into a major tourist destination has caused concerns about its impact on the ecosystem. The tourism industry brings financial gain, and a location becoming a tourist destination brings both direct and secondary impacts, affecting tour operators, tourist enterpreneurs, local residents and the central government.

However, besides financial benefits, it can also have a negative impact on the environment.

Many studies have revealed that tourism can put pressure on natural resources, local resources and create land degradation. Human activities that cause habitat destruction and widespread deforestation has affected the slope and land around the lake. Tonnes of logs are daily extracted from the forest.

There has been significant land-use conversion for industrial and residential development. Later on, tourism will demand a large amount of land to support the need for hotels, recreation areas, resorts and parks. This will further shift the land-use pattern from predominantly forest and farmland to infrastucture that supports tourism.

Currently, intensive agricultural practices and floating-cage aquaculture in the lake have led to contamination, both from a chemical used in agricultural practices and fish food.

The spreading of hyacinth water plants over the lake surface is an indication of a change in water quality suggesting the water has been affected by a heavy pollutant.

The high concentration of tourists can also cause forms of pollution such as air, water, noise and aesthetic pollution; besides increase of solid waste, sewage and littering. Tourism activities can lead to the loss of biological diversity, and in the long run at the global level will contribute to the depletion of the ozone layer and climate change.

Finally, although Toba Land is not new to tourism, the goverment‘s plan will big changes to the area. Is the community ready for such a big leap to support today’s style of tourism. Disruption of cultural practices may also occur, and people will need to adapt to the new situation.

The development of Lake Toba as a tourist destination should also consider its negative impacts on the ecosystem.

The writer is a lecturer at the University of HKBP Nommensen, Medan

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Malaysia: Sabah poachers persist despite crackdown

RUBEN SARIO The Star 22 May 16;

KOTA KINABALU: Sabah’s endangered wildlife continue to be the target of poachers as recent raids by authorities here over the past week have shown.

Sabah Wildlife Department rangers stumbled on three carcasses of bearded pigs and a mousedeer when they stopped a four wheel drive pick up truck along the Paitan-Kanibongan road in northern Sabah on Saturday.

Department director William Baya said the three people who were inside the vehicle had been detained for further investigations under Section 41 (2) of Wildlife Conservation Enactment 1997 for illegal possession of protected wildlife.

He said more wildlife species were seized in a joint enforcement operation by the department, Forestry Department and police in Tawau between May 20 and 22.

Baya said three groups of individuals were detained after they were found to be in possession of the carcasses of a civet cat, a flying fox and bearded pigs.

Stressing that the department was continuing its crackdown against poachers, he said hunters should apply for the necessary permits first.


Poachers still targeting Sabah’s endangered wildlife
The Star 24 May 16;

KOTA KINABALU: Sabah’s endangered wildlife continue to be the target of poachers as recent raids during the past week here have shown.

Sabah Wildlife Department rangers discovered three carcasses of bearded pigs and that of a mousedeer when they stopped a pickup truck along the Paitan-Kanibonganroad in northern Sabah on Saturday.

Department director William Baya said the three people who were inside the vehicle have been detained for further investigations under Section 41(2) of Wildlife Conservation Enactment 1997, for illegal possession of protected wildlife.

He said more wildlife species, including civet cats and flying foxes, were seized in a joint enforcement operation by the department, Forestry Department and Police in Tawau between May 20 and 22.

Baya said three groups of individuals were detained after they were found to be in possession of the carcasses of a civet cat, a flying fox and bearded pigs

He said the department would continue its crackdown against poachers, and added that hunters should apply for the necessary permits first.


Bearded pig, mousedeer carcasses found during roadblock
OLIVIA MIWIL New Straits Times 22 May 16;

BELURAN: A roadblock along the Paitan-Kanibongan road here yesterday morning turned up unusual discoveries in the form of exotic animal carcasses.

Three people were arrested by the Sabah Wildlife enforcement team when the carcasses of three bearded pigs and a mousedeer were found in their 4WD vehicle.

The trio will be investigated under Section 41(2) of the Wildlife Conservation Enactment 1997 for possession of protected wildlife product without permit. Elsewhere, three other groups of people were arrested for similar offences between May 20 and 22 in Tawau.

The joint operations between the Wildlife, Forestry Department, police and Sabah Foundation yielded wildlife species such as bearded pigs, civet cats and flying foxes.

State Wildlife director William Baya, in a statement today, reminded the public to obtain permits when engaging in protected wildlife related activities to avoid enforcement action. Between Jan 2014 and Sept 2015, more than 20 people were charged with possession of wildlife.

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Indonesia: Hunting of endemic pig-deer continues in Sulawesi

Syamsul Huda M. Suhari The Jakarta Post 22 May 16;

Rife hunting of the babirusa pig-deer in Gorontalo continues with hunters seeking the animal for its meat amid accusations that the pig-deer is destructive of local plantations. There are four species of pig-deer endemic to Indonesia, the North Sulawesi pig-deer — the most well-known — is virtually hairless, unlike the those found outside of Sulawesi. Buang Hassan, head of Lembah Permai subdistrict in Wongarasi district, Pohuwato regency, said the forest in his region had been used as a gateway for pig-deer hunters looking to hunt the animals.

He said that at least four hunters visit the region each week to hunt, both individually and in groups.

“They don’t just hunt pig-deer, they also kill wild boar and sometimes anoa,” Buang told The Jakarta Post recently.

Buang claims that most hunters come from neighboring subdistricts such as Banuroja and Londoun and usually stay in the forest for three to four days to hunt.

He said that they hunted using mesh, locally known as dudeso, and used small rafts to transport their catch along the river. A raft reportedly enables the hunters to transport between two to four boars home each trip.

To deceive security personnel, hunters, according to Buang, tend to chop the animals into pieces before leaving the forest, selling the meat as far away as North Sulawesi.

Buang said the Lembah Permai subdistrict administration had been unable to do anything to stop the illegal hunting of the pig-deer. “The hunting ground is far from here, this subdistrict is only an entrance gate. And they hunt to support their respective families,” he said.

Lembah Permai is a transmigration area, inhabited since 1993. The population comprises various ethnic groups, including Minahasa and Bolaang Mongondow. Apart from being traded as meat, the North Sulawesi pig-deer is often netted in traps set by local farmers to protect their plantations.

The head of the Second Conservation Region of Gorontalo’s Natural Resources Conservation Agency ( BKSDA ), Syamsuddin Hadju, said such practices were common among farmers living around the Nantu Forest Wildlife Reserve in the Gorontalo and Boalemo regencies.

“As their plantation areas are close to Nantu forest, pig-deer wander into the traps while looking for food,” said Syamsuddin, adding that locals were also known to deliberately set traps inside the conservation forest.

He said routine surveillance was conducted in the area in cooperation with the local police. Meanwhile, a campaign for the preservation of the local pig-deer population — estimated to have declined to a total of 5,000 — has also intensified.

Nantu is considered important because it is the only forest in Sulawesi where people are able to observe the pig-deer at close range. Each morning and afternoon, a herd of pig-deer visit the Adudu mudhole in search of water.

Lynn Marion Clayton, founder of Yayasan Adudu Nantu Internasional ( YANI ), refers to the mudhole as the pig-deer herd’s health cafe.

With a PhD in Conservation Biology from Oxford University, Clayton, who has been conducting research on hog deer in Nantu forest since the 1990s, explained that the ground water in the mudhole had a high salt and mineral content and thus, the water is an antidote for a toxin contained in Pangi or kluwak, one of the pig-deer herd’s favorite foods.

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UAE: $5.8m grant launched for saving endangered dugong and seagrass ecosystems

Mohammad Bin Zayed Species Conservation Fund announces launch of grant during Global Communication Conference
Sami Zaatari Gulf News 22 May 16;

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Abu Dhabi: The Mohammad Bin Zayed Species Conservation Fund (MBZ Fund) on Sunday announced the launch of a $5.8 million (Dh21.30 million) grant to save the endangered dugong and its seagrass ecosystems across the Indian Ocean and the South Pacific.

The announcement of the grant was made at the Global Communication Conference, and coincided with International Day for Biological Diversity. As part of its initiative, the MBZ Fund also announced that it would be partnering with students from Zayed University and 16 other international universities to help raise awareness on the subject.

“The presence of dugong and seagrass in a marine ecosystem is a good indication that the ecosystem is healthy. Protecting these species and their environment is good for local communities because a healthy marine environment provides plentiful food, protects coasts from storm erosion and ensures clean seawater,” Razan Khalifa Al Mubarak, managing director of the MBZ Fund, said.

“The Dugong and Seagrass Conservation Project, executed by the MBZ Fund, represents an unprecedented global investment in the conservation of these endangered species and contributes to Abu Dhabi’s already impressive track record of supporting environmental conservation efforts worldwide.

“Working with Zayed University students and their counterparts from different universities across the world gives the Fund the opportunity to tap into the insights of a digitally connected and environmentally aware generation,” she added.

Dr Frédéric Launay, board member and acting director-general at the MBZ Fund, speaking on the issue of creating awareness, said it was not easy and that it would take hard work to get the message across and people invested in the matter.

“This is a challenge — how to convey the needs to care and feel responsible for the fate of species and its ecosystem, in eight countries of the Indian and Pacific Oceans, with a wide array of culture, tradition, and language.

“It is a challenge to convince people to work together to save species that most people will never actually see in its environment. Saving species is a challenge that the MBZ Fund took eight years ago, at a time where species conservation and the people committed to it, were left alone. Today the Fund has supported more than 1300 projects in over 140 countries,” he added.

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