Hundreds of baby penguins found dead in Brazil

Michael Astor, Associated Press Yahoo News 20 Jul 08;

Hundreds of baby penguins swept from the icy shores of Antarctica and Patagonia are washing up dead on Rio de Janeiro's tropical beaches, rescuers and penguin experts said Friday.

More than 400 penguins, most of them young, have been found dead on the beaches of Rio de Janeiro state over the past two months, according to Eduardo Pimenta, superintendent for the state coastal protection and environment agency in the resort city of Cabo Frio.

While it is common here to find some penguins — both dead and alive — swept by strong ocean currents from the Strait of Magellan, Pimenta said there have been more this year than at any time in recent memory.

Rescuers and those who treat penguins are divided over the possible causes.

Thiago Muniz, a veterinarian at the Niteroi Zoo, said he believed overfishing has forced the penguins to swim further from shore to find fish to eat "and that leaves them more vulnerable to getting caught up in the strong ocean currents."

Niteroi, the state's biggest zoo, already has already received about 100 penguins for treatment this year and many are drenched in petroleum, Muniz said. The Campos oil field that supplies most of Brazil's oil lies offshore.

Muniz said he hadn't seen penguins suffering from the effects of other pollutants, but he pointed out that already dead penguins aren't brought in for treatment.

Pimenta suggested pollution is to blame.

"Aside from the oil in the Campos basin, the pollution is lowering the animals' immunity, leaving them vulnerable to funguses and bacteria that attack their lungs," Pimenta said, quoting biologists who work with him.

But biologist Erli Costa of Rio de Janeiro's Federal University suggested weather patterns could be involved.

"I don't think the levels of pollution are high enough to affect the birds so quickly. I think instead we're seeing more young and sick penguins because of global warming, which affects ocean currents and creates more cyclones, making the seas rougher," Costa said.

Costa said the vast majority of penguins turning up are baby birds that have just left the nest and are unable to out-swim the strong ocean currents they encounter while searching for food.

Every year, Brazil airlifts dozens of penguins back to Antarctica or Patagonia.

Penguins dripping in oil rescued off Argentina
Yahoo News 20 Jul 08;

Environmentalists rescued some 20 penguins covered in crude oil off Argentina's mid-Atlantic coast, two of which have died and four are in critical condition, the Patagonia Natural Foundation (FPN) said Sunday.

The Magallanes penguins were found far from their natural habitat for this time of the year, and were severely undernourished and suffered from dehydration, the private, non-profit environmental group said in a statement.

The group did not explain how the penguins got coated in crude oil.

FPN coordinator Carla Poleschi said the topmost concern was cleaning the birds thoroughly and feeding them back to good health.

"If they manage to survive, they'll be released in about 40 days so they can carry on with their lives" in the Atlantic Ocean, she said.

The penguins were found off the coast of the Valdes Peninsula, a 36,000-hectare (139 square miles) nature preserve renown for its whales, walruses, penguins, birds, guanacos and other species, listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.