Refrigerants set to spur climate change: study

Alister Doyle, Reuters 22 Jun 09;

OSLO (Reuters) - Greenhouse gases from chemicals used in refrigerants and air conditioning are set to be a bigger than expected spur of climate change by 2050, scientists said.

In the worst case, use of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) could surge to cause global warming in 2050 equivalent to the impact of between 28 and 45 percent of emissions of carbon dioxide, the main heat-trapping gas from burning fossil fuels, they said.

"HFCs present a significant threat to the world's efforts to stabilize climate emissions," Guus Velders, the lead author at the Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, said of the findings by a team of Dutch and U.S.-based scientists.

HFCs' current heat-trapping contribution to global warming is less than 1 percent of that of carbon dioxide. HFCs are used in air conditioning units, including in 80 percent of new cars, in refrigerants and in insulation foams.

HFCs were introduced before human-caused global warming was identified as a huge problem, to replace an older generation of chemicals that were damaging the ozone layer that shields the planet from harmful ultra-violet rays.

The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) said the study, in Tuesday's edition of the U.S. journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, showed there were easy ways to fight global warming alongside cuts in carbon emissions.

LOW-HANGING FRUIT

"There are other low-hanging fruit in the climate challenge," UNEP head Achim Steiner said in a statement on HFCs. He says climate change is set to cause worsening droughts, floods, heatwaves and rising sea levels.

"By some estimates, action to freeze and then reduce this group of gases could buy the world the equivalent of a decade's worth of carbon dioxide emissions," he said.

More than 190 nations plan to agree a new climate pact in Copenhagen in December to succeed the U.N.'s Kyoto Protocol, which regulates emissions of six greenhouse gases including carbon dioxide and HFCs.

"There are simple, market-ready solutions (to HFCs) waiting to be deployed provided adequate incentives are provided," said Kert Davies, U.S. research director for environmental group Greenpeace.

Greenpeace said companies such as Bosch-Siemens, Whirlpool, Panasonic, Samsung, Miele and Ben & Jerry's sold or were testing alternative "Greenfreeze" technologies.

The European Union plans to phase out HFCs in new air conditioning systems in cars in coming years. The study said that by 2050, developing nations might be emitting as much as 800 times more HFCs than developed nations.

It suggested the best way of curbing emissions from HFCs was a "global freeze followed by modest annual reductions" involving developed and developing nations.

"HFCs are good for protecting the ozone layer, but they are not climate-friendly," said David W. Fahey, a scientist at the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration who was among the authors.

(Editing by Robert Woodward)

Action on HFC Gases ‘Low Hanging Fruit’ Opportunity to Combat Climate Change Says UN Environment Chief
UNEP 22 Jun 09;

Nairobi, 22 June 2009 - A scientific paper, highlighting the need to accelerate action over a group of gases known as Hydroflurocarbons (HFCs) as part of the climate change agenda, was today welcomed by the head of the UN Environment Programme (UNEP).

The findings, by an international team of researchers are published in the Proceeedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

The scientists argue that HFC use could climb sharply in the coming years in products such as insulation foams, air conditioning units and refrigeration as replacements for ones being phased-out to protect the ozone layer.

Under a scenario where carbon dioxide emissions are pegged to 450 parts per million HFCs could equal nine Gigatonnes - equivalent to around 45 per cent of total C02 emissions - by 2050 if their growth is unchecked.

Conversely, rapid action to freeze and to cut emissions annually alongside fostering readily available alternatives could see HFC emissions fall to under one Gigatonne by 2050.

Achim Steiner, UN Under-Secretary General and UNEP Executive Director, said: "Dramatically cutting carbon dioxide emissions from society's inefficient energy use is the key to catalyzing a transition to a low, carbon, resource efficient Green Economy. It is also central to delivering a stabilization of the atmosphere as outlined by the assessments of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change".

"But there are other low hanging fruit in the climate change challenge and this new scientific paper spotlights one of them - HFCs. By some estimates, action to freeze and then reduce this group of gases could buy the world the equivalent of a decades-worth of C02 emissions," he added.

The projected growth in production and consumption of HFCs is in part linked with the success of the UNEP-administered Montreal Protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer.

Since the late 1980s, this treaty has successfully phased-out 97 per cent of 100 chemicals that damage the protective shield that filters out harmful ultra violet rays to the Earth.

Over recent years, research has outlined that global efforts to protect the ozone layer has also delivered climate benefits as many of the chemicals that damage the ozone layer - such as chloroflurocarbons or CFCs - also cause global warming.

In 2007 a scientific paper calculated the climate mitigation benefits of the ozone treaty as totalling an equivalent of 135 billion tonnes of C02 since 1990 or a delay in global warming of seven to 12 years.

In that same year countries meeting in Canada, under the Montreal Protocol, agreed to an accelerated freeze and phase-out of Hydrochloroflurocarbons (HCFCs)—chemicals designed to replace the old, more ozone-damaging CFCs - in the main for the climate benefits.

The new paper indicates that unless there is action on HFCs, then countries and companies are likely to pick this group of gases to replace HCFCs in products such as air conditioning units, refrigeration and insulating foams.

Guus Velders of the Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, the lead author, said in a statement: "Our team of scientists calculates that HFCs present a significant threat to the world's efforts to stabilize climate emissions".

"Because of the projected growth of these climate-warming chemicals, they could represent up to 45 per cent of the total global C02 emissions by 2050 under a scenario that stabilizes C02 emissions at 450 parts per million. Preventing strong growth in HFC use is an important climate mitigation option the world has now".

Under a business as usual scenario, where C02 emissions are higher, HFCs could equate to between nine and 19 per cent of C02 emissions in 2050 causing a greenhouse effect equal to 6-13 years of global C02 pollution.

In 2008, governments requested the executive secretaries of the Montreal Protocol and the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change - Marco Gonzalez and Yvo de Boer - to cooperate more closely including on the issue of HFCs and that cooperation is on-going.