Reintroduced Chinese Alligators Now Multiplying In The Wild In China

ScienceDaily 14 Jul 09;

The Wildlife Conservation Society announced today that critically endangered alligators in China have a new chance for survival. The WCS's Bronx Zoo, in partnership with two other North American parks and the Department of Wildlife Conservation and Management of the State Forestry Administration of China, has successfully reintroduced alligators into the wild that are now multiplying on their own.

The alligator hatchlings—15 in number—are the offspring of a group of alligators that includes animals from the Wildlife Conservation Society's Bronx Zoo. The baby alligators represent a milestone for the 10-year effort to reintroduce the Chinese alligator on Chongming Island, located at the mouth of China's Yangtze River.

The announcement was made at the International Congress for Conservation Biology, convened by the Society for Conservation Biology in Beijing, China (July 11-16).

"We are grateful to our Chinese partners for their commitment to reintroduce Chinese alligators back into the wild," said Dr. Steven E. Sanderson, President and CEO of the Wildlife Conservation Society. "WCS has championed careful wildlife reintroductions for more than a century. The reintroduction of Chinese alligators is a great example of how WCS partners with governments and local communities around the world to save wildlife and wild places."

"This is fantastic news," said WCS researcher Dr. John Thorbjarnarson, one of the world's foremost experts on crocodilians and a participant in the project. "The success of this small population suggests that there's hope for bringing the Chinese alligator back to some parts of its former distribution."

Plans to reintroduce Chinese alligators started in 1999 with a survey conducted by WCS, the Anhui Forestry Bureau, and the East China Normal University in Anhui Province, the only remaining location where the reptiles are still found in the wild in what is a small fraction of the alligator's former range. The results of the survey were dire, with an estimate of fewer than 130 animals in a declining population.

An international workshop on the species was held in 2001, followed by recommendations for the reintroduction of captive bred alligators. The first three animals released in Hongxing Reserve of Xuancheng County in Anhui in 2003 were from the Anhui Research Center of Chinese Alligator Reproduction (ARCCAR).

To ensure the maximum genetic diversity for the effort, project participants imported 12 more animals to Changxing Yinjiabian Chinese Alligator Nature Reserve from North America, including four from the Bronx Zoo. From this group, three animals from the U.S. were released in 2007 along with three more alligators from Changxing. The alligators were given health examinations by veterinary professionals from WCS's Global Health Program and the Shanghai Wildlife Zoo and fitted with radio transmitters for remote monitoring before being released.

Experts reported that the reintroduced alligators successfully hibernated, and then in 2008, bred in the wild.

With a former range that covered a wide watershed area of East China, the Chinese alligator—or "tu long," which means "muddy dragon"—is now listed as "Critically Endangered" on IUCN's Red List of Threatened Species and is the most threatened of the 23 species of crocodilians in the world today. It is one of only two alligator species in existence (the other is the better known, and much better off, American alligator).

The Yangtze River, where the reintroduction of these alligators took place, is the third longest river in the world (after the Amazon and the Nile) and is China's most economically important waterway. The world's largest hydro-electric dam—the Three Gorges Dam—is also located on the river. The high levels of development along the river have become a challenge for native wildlife; in 2006, a comprehensive search for the Yangtze River dolphin, or baiji, didn't find any, although one isolated sighting of a dolphin was made in 2007.

Other participants in the project include the East China Normal University, Shanghai Forestry Bureau, Changxing Yinjiabian Chinese Alligator Nature Reserve, and Wetland Park of Shanghai Industrial Investment (Holdings) Co. Ltd.

The project is being supported by the Ocean Park Conservation Foundation, Hong Kong.

Adapted from materials provided by Wildlife Conservation Society.

Captive Alligators Breed in Wild
livescience.com 15 Jul 09;

A newly discovered set of 15 baby alligator hatchlings marks the successful breeding of a group of once-captive gators that now lives in the wild, it was announced this week.

The baby Chinese alligators, a species that grows to be somewhat smaller than adult American alligators, emerged as part of a 10-year effort to reintroduce these endangered reptiles on Chongming Island, located at the mouth of the Yangtze River in China.

The alligator group that gave birth to the new hatchlings includes four animals from the Wildlife Conservation Society's Bronx Zoo.

"This is fantastic news," said WCS researcher Dr. John Thorbjarnarson, a participant in the project. "The success of this small population suggests that there's hope for bringing the Chinese alligator back to some parts of its former distribution."

American alligators, which live in wetlands in the southeastern United States, are the only other living species of alligators. They are not endangered.

The Chinese alligator once inhabited a much larger watershed area in Eastern China. However, it is now the most threatened of the crocodilians in the world today, Thorbjarnarson said, and is listed as "critically endangered" on the International Union for Conservation of Nature's Red List of Threatened Species.

Back in 1999, the WCS, along with the Anhui Forestry Bureau and the East China Normal University, conducted a survey of Chinese alligators in the Anhui Province - the only remaining location where these reptiles are still found in the wild. The results were bleak, with fewer than 130 animals estimated to be in the population.

In 2001, an international workshop recommended that captive alligator species be placed back into the wild. Then, in 2003, three alligators from the Anhui Research Center of Chinese Alligator Reproduction were released.

Twelve more animals were later imported to the island, six of which were released in 2007. The alligators were fitted with radio transmitters for remote monitoring before being let free.

Researchers said the reintroduced alligators successfully hibernated, and then in 2008, bred in the wild.

The baby announcement was made at the International Congress for Conservation Biology, which started July 11 and continues in Beijing, China, through July 16.

The reintroduction project is a collaboration between the WCS's Bronx Zoo, the Wildlife Conservation an Management of the State Forestry Administration of China, and others. The project is supported by the Ocean Park Conservation Foundation, Hong Kong.