Australia Creates World's Largest Expanse of Marine Reserves

Environment News Service 14 Jun 12;

CANBERRA, Australia, June 14, 2012 (ENS) - Australia is poised to safeguard the largest network of marine reserves anywhere in the world, covering 40 percent of Commonwealth waters.

The Gillard Government today released the final marine reserve map, drawn after 12 months of public consultations with marine and tourism business representatives, environmental groups and members of the public through 250 meetings across the country.

Once proclaimed under national environmental law, the conservation measure will increase Australia's marine reserves from 27 to 60, expanding the national network to cover 3.1 million square kilometres (1.2 million square miles), by far the largest representative network of marine protected areas in the world.

The designated reserves are inhabited by 45 of the world's 78 whale and dolphin species, six of the seven known species of marine turtle, and 4,000 fish species.

"Our aim is to protect our unique marine environment, while supporting coastal communities and marine industries around the country," said Environment Minister Tony Burke today. "Australia can lead the world in marine protection."

The final reserve network map was published just ahead of the UN's sustainable development summit, Rio+20, in Brazil, which Burke will attend with Prime Minister Julia Gillard next week.

"The maps I have released today are most comprehensive network of marine protected areas in the world and represent the largest addition to the conservation estate in Australia's history," said Burke. "This new network of marine reserves will help ensure that Australia's diverse marine environment, and the life it supports, remain healthy, productive and resilient for future generations."

Together the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park and the Coral Sea Commonwealth marine reserve will become the largest adjoining marine protected area in the world, covering 1.3 million square kilometres.

Australian Marine Conservation Society Director Darren Kindleysides said Australians can be proud of this protective action. "As a nation we've come a long way since coral mining was proposed for the Great Barrier Reef and commercial whaling occurred in our waters," he said. "The progress made today shows that as a country we've continued to act to protect what is most special about our oceans. Australia's marine life needs real respite from overfishing and industrial development."

"Some critically important areas like the Coral Sea, the 'Serengeti of the Seas,' will be safeguarded from damaging activities like bottom trawling, oil and gas exploration and seabed mining," said Kindleysides.

"The near-pristine wilderness of our tropical Coral Sea is one of the last remaining places on Earth where populations of large ocean fish and healthy coral reefs still thrive. We can be proud that future generations will be able look back and realise that we protected such globally important seas while we had the chance," he said.

The Australian Conservation Foundation praised the government's move. "This world class network of marine reserves is a historic conservation achievement that makes Australia a global leader in ocean protection," said ACF chief executive Don Henry.

But Henry warned that the Coral Sea is not completely protected from oil and gas exploration. "Although the reserve network bans oil and gas exploration in the Coral Sea, the north west region has been left vulnerable to these threats," he said.

"With Australia's magnificent natural endowment of unique marine biodiversity comes a responsibility to protect our oceans from the risks of bottom trawling and oil and gas exploration," said Henry.

Burke said today that the government has been responsive to public concerns. Following "the huge number of submissions received," he said, "protection has been increased for a number of iconic reefs in the Coral Sea Marine Reserve that are important for marine turtles and large ocean predators."

Australia's new national marine network will feature:

The Coral Sea Region, an area of more than half the size of Queensland, that supports critical nesting sites for the green turtle and is renowned for its diversity of big predatory fish and sharks. The network includes protection for all reefs in the Coral Sea with the final proposal adding iconic reefs such as Osprey Reef, Marion Reef, Bougainville Reef, Vema Reef, and Shark Reef included as marine national parks.

The South-West Marine Region extends from the eastern end of Kangaroo Island in South Australia to Shark Bay in Western Australia. It is of global significance as a breeding and feeding ground for southern right whales, blue whales and the Australian sea lion. Features in the South-West region include the Perth Canyon - an underwater area bigger than the Grand Canyon and the Diamantina Fracture Zone, a large underwater mountain chain which includes Australia's deepest water.

The Temperate East Marine Region runs from the southern boundary of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park to Bermagui in southern New South Wales, and includes the waters surrounding Lord Howe and Norfolk Islands. It is home to the critically endangered east coast population of grey nurse shark, the vulnerable white shark and has important offshore reef habitat at Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs and Lord Howe Island that support the threatened black cod.

The North Marine Region includes only the Commonwealth waters of the Gulf of Carpentaria, Arafura Sea and the Timor Sea extending as far west as the Northern Territory-Western Australian border. Globally important nesting and resting areas for threatened marine turtle species including flatback, hawksbill, green and olive ridley turtles will be protected, as will foraging areas for breeding colonies of migratory seabirds and large aggregations of dugongs.

The North-west Marine Region, stretching from the Western Australian - Northern Territory border through to Kalbarri, south of Shark Bay in Western Australia, is inhabited by the whale shark, the world's largest fish. This area provides protection to the world's largest population of humpback whales that migrate annually from Antarctica to give birth in the water off the Kimberley.

It is expected that the final marine reserves will be declared before the end of the 2012. Over the coming months, the Gillard Government will consult the fishing industry and fisheries management agencies on the design and implementation of a fisheries adjustment assistance package, said Burke.

Large parts of the new marine reserves will be zoned to allow a range of uses to continue as long as they are consistent with the primary objective of protecting the conservation values of the reserves, the government says. Highly protected zones will be included in the network of new marine reserves. These zones will be managed to preserve the area in an undisturbed and unmodified condition, so extractive activities will not be permitted in these zones.

Henry and Kindleysides both said their organizations will continue to work with governments, the community and other stakeholders to improve protection for important areas that have been left vulnerable to fishing or mining, including critical turtle and dugong habitat in the Gulf of Carpentaria, blue whale feeding grounds off Kangaroo Island, coral reefs off the Kimberley coast, as well as the Albany Canyons and Rowley Shoals off Western Australia.

But the minister said it is now too late to change the marine reserve boundaries.

"We now go through one final 60 day consultation period," Burke said. "It's too late for people to say I want this line shifted or I want this zone painted a different colour. The question now is very straightforward. Do we go ahead with the most comprehensive marine park network in the world or do we not?"

Plan for biggest marine park draws fire
Fishermen say it will cost jobs, hike prices; area about the size of India
Jonathan Pearlman Straits Times 15 Jun 12;

SYDNEY - Australia has unveiled plans for the world's biggest marine park but the move has angered fishermen and raised concerns about rising seafood prices.

The series of 60 reserves will cover more than 3 million sq km and limit fishing and oil and gas exploration in waters around the continent. It will include the Coral Sea, surrounding the World Heritage-listed Great Barrier Reef in the country's north-east, and provide enhanced protection of threatened species like the green turtle, dugong and blue whale.

Australia's Environment Minister Tony Burke said he wanted the reserves to set a global benchmark for environmental protection and ensure food security. The reserves cover about a third of Australia's marine territory - an area about the size of India.

'This is the biggest step forward the globe has ever seen,' he said. 'This new network of marine reserves will help ensure that Australia's diverse marine environment, and the life it supports, remains healthy, productive and resilient for future generations.'

But the move drew an angry response from commercial and sports fishermen, who claimed it would cost jobs and lead to price hikes. The area is home to large catches of tuna and lobster - much of which ends up in Singapore, one of the biggest importers of Australian seafood.

A commercial fishing group, the Gulf of Carpentaria Commercial Fishermen's Organisation, said Australia had a plentiful supply of fish and would now have to rely on imported seafood.

'I can't understand it at all and I can't understand the public wanting to eat imported fish over local fish,' said the group's chairman Gary Ward. He said the fisheries 'are the most sustainable fisheries in the world'.

Singaporeans are big eaters of Australian seafood, especially abalone, rock lobster and scallops. A 2010 official Australian report showed Singapore was the fifth biggest importer. It imported A$44 million (S$56 million) of seafood in 2008, slightly less than Taiwan (A$54 million), but well behind China and Hong Kong combined (A$525 million).

The Australian Marine Alliance, which represents commercial and recreational fishermen, said the plan was 'devastating' and would place a heavy burden on coastal communities. It warned the reserves could cost up to 36,000 jobs.

But the Australian Conservation Foundation said the reserves could actually boost fish stocks, pointing to restricted zones in the Great Barrier Reef where marine life has flourished.

'There's plenty of science around that shows that protecting areas of oceans works,' said spokesman Chris Smyth.

As part of the plan, the government has flagged a A$100 million compensation package for commercial fishermen. Responding to concerns about the impact on recreational fishing, Prime Minister Julia Gillard told ABC Radio that 'people will still be able to go and take their young son fishing'.

Australia is surrounded by the world's third-largest ocean territory and has come under heavy international pressure to protect its vulnerable populations of whales, sharks and turtles and its coral reefs. A scathing United Nations report last month warned the Great Barrier Reef's heritage listing could be restated as 'at risk' unless greater care was taken to protect the area, particularly from the gas and mining boom.