Malaysia: Dengue cases at an all-time high

LOH FOON FONG The Star 10 Aug 19;

KUALA LUMPUR: Dengue fever cases in Malaysia reached an all time high, hitting nearly 80, 000 cases and 113 deaths reported from January until Aug 3.

Deputy Health Minister Lee Boon Chye expects the number to hit 150, 000 cases by year end if all out efforts are not taken to keep it under control.

The last highest number of cases recorded was in 2015 which recorded 120, 836 cases with 336 deaths.

The figures between January and Aug 3 is almost double that of last year’s figures for the same period – 42, 496 cases with 70 deaths.

There were 251 hotspots in nine states and most of the hotspots were flats and apartments.

The nine are Selangor, Federal Territories, Johor, Kelantan, Sabah, Penang, Sarawak, Negri Sembilan and Pahang.

Dr Lee said the ministry was using various methods to overcome the dengue outbreak in the country, such as fogging and removing mosquito breeding sites.

A new method, the release of Aedes mosquitoes infected with the Wolbachia bacteria to bring down the population of the dengue-infested mosquitoes was still being monitored, he said.

He said dengue vaccine was used in the Philippines but it was withdrawn after it led to higher mortality rate.

The ministry is monitoring the dengue situation continuously and received weekly reports on the number of cases.

With each district health office nationwide monitoring the situation, once dengues cases are reported, measures such as fogging are immediately implemented, he said.

When there is a hotspot, the health office also organised a gotong royong with local residents via COMBI (social mobilisation and communications) or local council, he added.

He reminded the public to play their role in ensuring their areas are free of Aedes mosquitoes.

“Dengue is increasing in many parts of the world even in Singapore. Cuba eradicated it once but it has re-emerged. Southern China, southern Taiwan and southern Japan also have reported cases.

“As air travel becomes common, the virus spreads, ” he said.

Health director-general Datuk Dr Noor Hisham Abdullah said that since June, the trend of weekly dengue cases has increased and reached 3, 557 cases a week but there was a slight decrease in the first week of August.

About 70% to 80% of the dengue cases occurred in urban areas, he said.

World Health Organisation report on Dengue Situation (Update Number 572 dated July 4) showed that Malaysia was not the only country which experienced an increase in dengue cases as neighbouring countries such as Singapore, the Philippines, Taiwan, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos and China had it too, he said.

“The major contributing factor is poor environmental cleanliness.

“Abundant man-made containers provide places for Aedes mosquito to breed and increase the spread of the dengue virus, ” he said, adding that littering contributed to the problem.

The change in serotype called “serotype shift” also triggered the dengue surge.

“It has been observed that dengue cases will increase usually four to six months after a serotype shift due to the lack of immunity in the community towards the new serotype.

“From our surveillance monitoring, there was a shift of dengue serology from dengue virus strain (DEN) 3 to DEN 2 in June last year.

“Theoretically, DEN 2 is associated with more severe manifestation and high fatality rate, ” he said.

From January to Aug 3, less than 1% (295 cases) of severe dengue (dengue haemorrhagic fever) cases nationwide were reported.

“There is no specific treatment for dengue or severe dengue, but early detection and prompt medical care will save lives, ” he said.

Dr Noor Hisham said the changing rainy and hot seasons resulting in stagnant water collected, people movement and increase in population density in urban areas also facilitated the spread.

Studies also showed an association between the occurrence of dengue cases and outbreak with the temperature, rainfall and humidity, he said.