Southern phase of North-South Expressway affects Rochor Centre, SJI, Novena Ville

It's a one-way ticket from Rochor to Kallang
Joyce Hooi Business Times 16 Nov 11;

(SINGAPORE) The southern phase of the planned North-South Expressway (NSE) will involve the relocation of the largest ever number of Housing & Development Board flats for an infrastructure project, the Land Transport Authority revealed yesterday.

Some 567 flats in the four-block Rochor Centre will be demolished to make way for a 5.6-kilometre stretch of tunnel that will complete the 21.5-km NSE. The tunnel will run from Toa Payoh Rise to East Coast Parkway.

The total cost of the NSE might be higher than the estimated $7-8 billion which was announced earlier this year, the LTA also said yesterday. The final figure will depend on the outcome of engineering studies and various site conditions.

At Rochor Centre, 389 - or about 69 per cent - of the units are 3-room flats, with an area of 67 square metres each. There are 82 more 3-room flats but they are larger, at 82 sq m. And 91 - or about 16 per cent of the units - are 4-room flats, with an area of 92 sq m each.

An 810-unit HDB development will be built next to Kallang River by mid-2016 for the Rochor Centre residents. They will not have to vacate their old flats before construction of the new ones is complete. Residents will ballot for the unit of their choice and will be offered relocation benefits that are similar to that of the Selective En Bloc Redevelopment Scheme's (SERS).

As in SERS, residents will be compensated for their old flats based on the prevailing market value, taken as at yesterday. The price of their new flats will be the subsidised rate, also taken as at yesterday and comes with an additional discount of up to $15,000 for singles and $30,000 for joint singles and families for eligible purchasers of the new flats.

Also, compensation for 'reasonable expenses' will be made. While the compensation monies offered will not be in cash but used to offset the cost of the new home, anything left over will be returned in cash. The same benefits will be given to residents applying for a flat elsewhere.

The new development at Kallang is expected to have a mix of studio apartments, and 3-to-5-room flats. Owners of an existing 82 sq m 3-room flat, however, will have to opt for an 85 sq m 4-room flat at Kallang if they do not want to see a shrinkage in living space. This is because the largest three-room flat available at Kallang is 67 sq m.

Even then, estimated figures in a leaflet that residents were given yesterday showed that 'upgrading' to a 4-room flat with an extra three sq m of space might actually leave the average household in the black. (see table)

The final mix of flat sizes and types is 'subject to review', as it might change, depending on 'feedback from Rochor residents', HDB said yesterday.

Nanyang Pho Leng Building's lot will also be fully acquired, while the lease on Lee Ah Mooi Nursing Home will not be renewed when it expires in 2013.

Twenty-one private properties will be partially affected, such as Novena Ville and 368 Thomson. They correspond to a lot number from which 29.9 sq m and 239.1 sq m of land have been listed as gazetted for acquisition, respectively. BT understands that the land involved will be grass verges or driveways and the buildings themselves will not be affected.

'For Novena Ville, (this might) bring the road nearer to the shopfront. It might create even better exposure to the shopfront, but for al fresco food and beverage outlets, there might be more noise implications,' said Donald Han, managing director at Cushman & Wakefield.

St Joseph's Institution International will see 4,654.3 sq m of its land gazetted for the NSE, one of the largest parcels of partially affected land listed.

The total amount of land acquired for the NSE's southern phase stands at 24,700 sq m. The northern phase, announced in January, involved acquiring 55,800 sq m of land.

The NSE, expected to open by 2020, will connect north-south towns such as Woodlands, Sembawang and Yishun with the city centre. There will be 16 in-ramps and 17 out-ramps in total.

'The immediate impact (on property prices) is probably minimal for the time being. Nearer to completion, there could be a 5-10 per cent increase in values. It will not be as distinct as the kind of pricing for the opening of the North East MRT line or the Circle Line. because MRT stations tend to be a bit more specific when providing access and convenience to residents,' said Mr Han.

Advance works on the NSE will start from 2013 and major construction works will start in 2015.

New expressway sparks big land acquisition
Hetty Musfirah Channel NewsAsia 15 Nov 11;

SINGAPORE: The government has announced the full alignment for the 21.5-kilometre-long North-South Expressway (NSE), with the southern segment unveiled on Tuesday.

The final 5.6-kilometre stretch of the expressway will be an underground tunnel beginning from Toa Payoh Rise and ending at East Coast Parkway.

It will pass along Thomson Road, Bukit Timah Road and Ophir Road before leading to the East Coast Parkway Expressway.

In January, the Land Transport Authority (LTA) had announced the alignment for the northern segment between Admiralty Road West and Toa Payoh Rise.

When ready by 2020, NSE, which is Singapore's 11th expressway, is expected to cut travel time for motorists by up to 30 per cent.

For example, a journey between Yishun and the city currently takes about 30 to 35 minutes.

With the NSE, the same journey can be completed between 20 and 30 minutes.

LTA chief executive Chew Hock Yong said: "We were looking for the southern segment to link up in a nice way to the ECP so it has to take a certain alignment that comes round that way into city.

"The city is very built-up so the southern segment is all underground, and as much as possible, we follow the alignment of existing rounds, so as to minimise the acquisition of private properties and we use state land to build the expressway."

But several properties will have to make way for the southern segment.

Two full lots and 21 partials lots will be acquired.

They include four HDB blocks of flats at Rochor Centre which has been around since 1977.

This will be the largest acquisition of HDB flats to date.

Mr Chew said: "We studied the alignment, and in the city it gets very crowded and at that area, there are MRT lines that are running there.

"There's the Bugis MRT station and there's the Downtown Line station being constructed, there is a canal running along Rochor Canal and for engineering reasons, the road has to be of a certain level of straightness... because the cars would have to travel at a certain speed.

"So taking all that into account, that was the alignment that we have to settle on and unfortunately it will affect the blocks that are there."

Residents of 567 flats at Rochor Centre will be offered relocation benefits similar to those offered under the Selective En Bloc Redevelopment Scheme (SERS).

Eighty-three per cent of the flats acquired are three-room units.

HDB will build about 810 units of new flats at Kallang as replacement housing for the residents affected.

Located next to Kallang River, residents will also be well-served by a good transportation network, with the Kallang MRT station being a five-minute walk.

Some 187 rental shops and eating houses at Rochor Centre will also be affected.

They will be given a 10 per cent preferential discount off the monthly rental rates when they successfully tender for other HDB rental commercial properties, or when they take over other HDB rental commercial properties through assignment.

Nanyang Pho Leng Association, located at Keng Lee Road and which has been in operation since 1970, will have to make way for the NSE.

The Nanyang Pho Leng Building is home to a Teochew clan association, which has more than 1,000 members.

LTA said the association will be given assistance in their purchase of and relocation to a replacement property.

Land acquisition notices have been handed out since 12pm Tuesday and the Singapore Land Authority has gazetted the lands affected by the acquisition.

Some state properties will also be making way for the NSE.

They include Lee Ah Mooi Old Age Home and Victoria Street Wholesale Centre.

They will be able to complete their current tenancy or licence when the NSE works starts.

The lease for Lee Ah Mooi Old Age Home has been extended till September 2013.

Advance works for the NSE will start progressively from 2013, and major construction works will start in 2015.

The construction of the NSE will benefit residents living in the north and north-eastern sectors of Singapore as it caters to the expected growth in traffic demand generated by new developments there.

It will connect towns along the north-south corridor -- Woodlands, Sembawang, Yishun, Ang Mo Kio, Bishan and Toa-Payoh -- to the city centre.

Running parallel to the Central Expressway, NSE will help to alleviate the traffic load on the heavily-utilised expressway, as well as the major arterial roads nearby such as Thomson Road and Marymount Road.

The NSE is expected to cost the government some S$7 billion to S$8 billion.

- CNA/wk

Rochor residents sad to leave
Joanne Chan Channel NewsAsia 15 Nov 11;

SINGAPORE: HDB residents affected by the land acquisition of Rochor Centre have said they are sad to leave their convenient and familiar surroundings.

Come 2016, the 567 households there will have to say goodbye to their estate.

This is to make way for the North-South Expressway's (NSE) southern stretch that will be an underground tunnel from Toa Payoh Rise to East Coast Parkway.

Some residents have been living there for more than 30 years, since the development went up in 1977.

They were informed of the land acquisition exercise when HDB officers went door-to-door on Tuesday to distribute the notification letters and information kits.

Sixty-two-year-old resident Sae-Huan Sinet said: "I'll miss this place, and I'm worried if the new place will be as convenient, if it's as convenient for elderly residents."

Another resident, Madam Tan, who is in her 70s, said: "Many of the neighbours here are my relatives, living in flats above and below mine."

"A change of environment might not be a bad thing. As long as we have a flat to live in, it's ok," said 62-year-old resident Chan Tuck Wah.

Residents who are affected will be offered a new flat in Kallang.

HDB said most residents will be able to move to a brand new flat that is at least of equivalent size.

In some cases, HDB said residents may also enjoy net proceeds.

For instance, a three-room Rochor flat of 67 square metres -- the most common unit-type -- has an estimated market value of S$445,000.

About 70 per cent of the residents own such units.

A new flat in Kallang, after factoring in a S$30,000 discount, will cost S$342,000.

The subsidy will only apply to home owners who have not enjoyed more than one housing subsidy so far, and do not own private property.

Home owners will be given an additional S$4,800 to cover other expenses such as stamp fees.

This means a flat owner stands to gain more than S$100,000 in proceeds.

Work on the NSE will start in 2013, but work will be conducted in phases.

Residents will be able to stay in their homes until their new flats in Kallang are completed in 2016.

Commercial tenants of Rochor Centre will also be moving out.

Those who took over the premises before 1999 will receive payouts of S$60,000 each.

An additional S$30,000 will be given to those who choose to continue business at an alternative premise.

But tenants said the compensation is too little.

Hiap Guan Goldsmiths & Jewellers manager Sammy Fong said: "This S$60,000 has been offered for many years; there's been no change in the amount over the years. It's not a big sum of money."

Turning Point Academy owner Amy Koh said: "I'm about to renovate my shop. The deposit has been paid. If I go ahead with the renovation now, when the government takes back the land, I'll not be able to earn back the money spent."

Another building that will make way for the new expressway is the 41-year-old Nanyang Pho Leng Building.

The building is home to a Teochew clan association, which has more than 1,000 members.

Channel NewsAsia understands there are hundreds of ancestral tablets housed on the third floor of the building, which will need to find new homes or be returned to the members.

The clan association directors could not be reached for comment.

- CNA/wk

More than 500 homes to make way for highway
North-South Expressway to cut travel time by 30%
Christopher Tan Straits Times 16 Nov 11;

A 5.6KM-LONG three-lane dual carriageway running beneath some of the busiest parts of the city will form the southern stretch of the North-South Expressway.

The Land Transport Authority (LTA) announced yesterday that the fully underground stretch will go through areas such as Novena, Kampong Java, Rochor and Ophir Road before joining the East Coast Parkway near Suntec City.

It will be completed some time in 2020 and will cut peak-hour travelling time by up to 30 per cent.

Like the northern segment announced in January, there will be land acquisitions, the LTA said at a briefing held jointly with the Singapore Land Authority and Housing Board.

All in, 24,700 sq m of private land will be acquired along the 5.6km stretch, on top of 55,800 sq m acquired for the 16km northern stretch.

They comprise two full lots - Rochor Centre and a clan building - and 21 partial lots.

The acquisition of Rochor Centre in Rochor Road is the biggest of its kind here to date, and involves 567 Housing Board flats in four blocks, 187 shops and eating houses and three communal facilities.

Over at Kampong Java, the 40-year-old Nanyang Pho Leng Building will also be acquired. It houses a clan association for descendants of immigrants from Pho Leng county in China's Guangdong Province.

The 21 private properties that will have bits of their land acquired include SLF Building, St Joseph's Institution International and the Singapore Polo Club.

Two properties on state land will also be affected - the Lee Ah Mooi Old Age Home in Thomson, which dates back to the 1960s, and the Victoria Street Wholesale Centre, a favourite haunt for people wanting to stock up on festive goodies.

Major construction will start from 2015

Tenants will have to move out when their leases expire by 2013.

Properties on 16 other pieces of state land will also be affected in some way, including five rented landed properties in Halifax Road and two blocks of walk-up apartments in Toa Payoh Rise. These buildings are currently state properties let out for residential use and the lease will be allowed to run out.

Transport researcher Lee Der Horng of the National University of Singapore said highway construction abroad which cut through communities can cause 'a lot of hassle' for governments. This is especially so in bigger countries, where there are often alternative routes.

'In Singapore, our situation is different,' he said. 'Land is limited. So planners face a dilemma here.'

Rochor Centre residents will be paid prevailing market rates for their flats. They will also have the option to move to new HDB flats to be built in Kallang, next to the river and near the Kallang MRT station.

These displaced owners get to buy the new flats - which will be up in mid-2016 - at subsidised prices frozen at today's rates, said the HDB. On top of that, they get a 20 per cent discount.

Displaced Rochor Centre shop tenants will also be compensated, as long as they are Singaporeans who secured the premises before March 4, 1999, or took over from another tenant before June 1, 1999.

If they are small and medium-sized enterprises continuing their businesses in a new location, they will get an extra $30,000 in relocation help. They will also get a 10 per cent discount on HDB rental shops.

Advance work for the expressway, which includes detailed engineering studies, will start from 2013. Major construction of the entire 21.5km stretch - which runs almost parallel to the Central Expressway - will start in phases from 2015.

It will serve the northern towns, which have far outgrown the capacity of the 20-year-old Central Expressway.

The new expressway, the 11th in Singapore, will have 16 entry ramps and 17 exit ramps, plus a number of slip roads. It is estimated to cost $7 billion to $8 billion, although LTA chief executive Chew Hock Yong said the eventual cost might be higher.

Unlike the Kallang-Paya Lebar Expressway which opened in two phases, Mr Chew said the new expressway will open in one go. Opening in stages, he said, could have adverse impact on traffic flow along the corridor.

The LTA said that when the highway is in operation, it will shave up to 30 per cent off peak-hour travelling time.

For instance, a 30- to 35-minute journey between Yishun and the city will be completed in 20 to 30 minutes. A similar trip to and from Bishan will take 10 to 15 minutes, down from 15 to 20 minutes today.

Dr Lee of the NUS commented, however, that there seem to be a lot of entrances and exits, which can prove to be 'challenging' to motorists.

He said too many entrances and exits could disrupt traffic flow. He added a better way would be to have fewer access and exit points, which means drivers have to travel a slightly longer way to and from the expressway, but will experience a far smoother drive once they are on it.

Mr Chew assured motorists that the highway will be designed in a way that ensures smooth flow.

The road (almost) not taken
Christopher Tan Straits Times 16 Nov 11;

THE North-South Expressway (NSE) will be one of the most challenging - and possibly the most disruptive - infrastructural projects here.

The northern stretch - which is largely a surface road - stirred up controversy when it was announced in January. Many residents, in condo projects such as Nuovo and Castle Green, were concerned about the noise, dust and degradation in air quality during construction and when the highway is finally completed.

The southern stretch presents challenges of its own. Although less than 6km long and making up merely a quarter of the entire NSE, the fully underground portion of the three-lane dual-carriageway entails massive excavations through one of the most built-up districts.

It has also triggered a number of land acquisitions, including Rochor Centre. The latter consists of 567 Housing Board flats, 187 shops and eating houses, and three communal facilities - making it the single biggest property acquisition here.

Asked why the road could not avoid Rochor Centre altogether, for instance by veering to the east, Land Transport Authority (LTA) group director of engineering Paul Fok said an expressway needed to be as straight as possible to accommodate the higher speeds.

The authority later elaborated that it had considered 'all possible alignments', but was unable to avoid the acquisition of Rochor Centre due to site constraints along the Bukit Timah Road-Sungei Road-Rochor Road-Ophir Road corridor which is highly built-up.

'Besides the many buildings in close proximity to the roads, there are five underground MRT stations... There is also the Rochor Canal to consider,' it said.

In short, Rochor Centre has to go.

The complexity of the expressway - Singapore's 11th - may explain why engineering studies alone will take nearly three years to complete.

That's not all. The NSE has been on the drawing board for more than a decade. Several feasibility studies have been done on it, with some dating back to the early noughties.

Retired LTA traffic planner Joseph Yee recalls there were six to eight alternative alignments.

One notable alternative was actually adding an upper deck to the Central Expressway (CTE), which was eventually deemed too complex and not feasible.

Another was to link up and expand existing roads such as Lornie and Farrer roads to form an expressway.

The LTA also considered running the southern stretch through Orchard Road, or slightly to the west, through areas such as Telok Blangah.

Yet another had a portion going under the nature reserve.

The final alignment is one that starts from Yishun in the north, forming almost a straight line drop towards the city, and running parallel to the CTE most of the way.

'It's probably the cheapest and most efficient alternative,' said Mr Yee.

Nearly half of the 21.5km NSE - or 10.2km - will be underground, with the 5.6km southern stretch announced yesterday being fully subterranean.

It will have five ventilation buildings. They are at Ang Mo Kio Town Garden West (opposite the library); Kampong Java Park; near the junction of Marymount Road and Braddell Road (at the corner of Raffles Junior College); Thomson Flyover; and near the Nicoll Highway (before the NSE joins the East Coast Parkway).

These buildings, which suck out vehicle exhaust gases from the tunnels, as well as blow in fresh air, are usually sited as far away from residential and activity centres as possible.

Construction works on the NSE will begin in earnest in 2015, and will last at least five years. The LTA will adopt the cut-and-cover method of excavation. It explained that the expressway was too big for it to use the boring method, which is less disruptive and often safer.

Seeing how the southern stretch passes through a densely developed part of Singapore, it is not hard to imagine the construction period will be nightmarish for those living and working near the alignment.

The Novena portion, for instance, is flanked by developments that are already hugging Thomson Road. It is a site of perennially heavy congestion, which wor-sens when the Novena Church holds services.

Building diversions in such an area will be challenging because there is practically no room to do so. Contractors might have to erect a temporary viaduct - as they did in Cross Street to facilitate the construction of Downtown MRT Line Stage 1. It is something the LTA does not rule out.

In the meantime, it is best for motorists who can avoid the construction sites to do so. Only thing is, with the ongoing Mass Rapid Transit works, and more to come in the next few years, finding detours will be tougher and tougher.

Long-time residents sad to leave
They are resigned to news, but say they will miss city location and their great views
Royston Sim Straits Times 16 Nov 11;

RESIDENTS in Rochor Centre were yesterday largely resigned to news that they would have to move.

Some said they were sad because they had lived there for more than 30 years and enjoyed the central city location.

Others, on the higher floors, said they would miss seeing the fireworks during National Day Parades and views of buildings such as Marina Bay Sands.

Retiree Wong Tong Hoe, 72, said he enjoyed an excellent view outside his 17th-floor flat. He has lived there with his wife and son since 1978. But he added: 'Even if we feel sad, it can't be helped.'

He will accept the offer to move into new flats in Kallang, but said it will take time before he and the rest get used to the new surroundings and neighbours.

His neighbour, Mr Too Chiang Keong, 70, said he did not want to move, but it could not be helped.

The Government will acquire 567 residential units across four Housing Board (HDB) blocks at Rochor Centre for the North-South Expressway. It is the largest number of flats affected by a land development project here.

Besides the blocks which are painted green, red, yellow and blue, the sprawling Rochor Centre complex houses shops, eating houses and three communal facilities - a kindergarten, a Residents' Committee centre and a home for the aged.

The HDB will build 810 new units next to Kallang River as replacement housing, to be ready in 2016.

Ms Nargis Banu, 34, who has lived in Rochor Centre for seven years, said she would miss the convenience of having facilities such as a supermarket and a bank right below her home.

Her twin four-year-old sons attend the kindergarten in the centre, while her seven-year-old daughter attends Stamford Primary School, a five-minute walk away.

She said: 'I'm quite sad. I'm not sure what to do, whether to take the new place at Kallang or go somewhere else.'

Ms Sumathi Thanmugham, 51, who has lived there for more than 30 years, likes how it is served by many bus services and is near the Bugis MRT station.

Her workplace, Stamford Primary School, is also a short walk away. 'My parents are old and my father is a stroke patient so I can rush back if anything happens,' the support officer said. 'This place is like heaven. I'd rather stay. It's quite sad to need to count the days to the year we leave.'

Rochor Centre falls within the constituency of Moulmein-Kallang GRC MP Denise Phua, who said she was grateful that the HDB has put in effort to offer her residents a good package.

She noted that the new flats in Kallang had an 'excellent location' and lifts on every floor, and said residents or families could choose to apply together to be close to one another.

'My concern is that residents might be tempted to cash out and sell off their flat with the accompanying relocation benefits,' she said. She urged them to 'think long-term and buy the new Kallang flat of their choice'.

IT engineer Wong Wai Leong, 38, another long-time resident, said he expected to move sooner or later. 'It's prime land. I just didn't expect we would receive notice so soon,' he said.

Some residents, like Ms Joanna Ong, 20, will be glad to move. 'I'm very happy. My home is so old,' said the store assistant. 'I live on the highest floor, and when it rains, sometimes my ceiling leaks. I've been hoping for some time now that our block would go en bloc. I'm looking forward to a new house.'

Additional reporting by Jennani Durai and Feng Zengkun


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Thai lawmakers submit motion on moving Bangkok

(AFP) Google News 15 Nov 11;

BANGKOK — Lawmakers from Thailand's ruling political party submitted a parliamentary motion on Tuesday to begin discussions over possibly shifting the capital city to prevent future flooding chaos.

Experts have said Bangkok, which is built on swampland, is slowly sinking and the floods currently besieging the city of 12 million people could be merely a foretaste of a grim future, as climate change makes its impact felt.

Sataporn Maneerat, a Puea Thai party MP, told AFP that Thailand should think about looking to another city for future developments and investments.

"Another 19 Puea Thai MPs and I have signed and submitted a motion to parliament to seek approval to set up a committee, to consider whether the capital should be moved or if Thailand should have a second capital," he said.

"Bangkok is sinking every year. The capital will face more and more problems from natural disasters and the environment," he said, adding that the current capital was "over its peak".

He said the main alternative options for relocating the kingdom's political and economic heartland were in eastern and northeastern provinces.

At least 562 people have been killed across the country in Thailand's worst floods in half a century, which have inundated parts of the capital, although the downtown area remains dry after authorities' efforts to divert the waters.

The low-lying metropolis lies just 30 kilometres (18 miles) north of the Gulf of Thailand, where various experts forecast sea level will rise by 19 to 29 centimetres (7 to 11 inches) by 2050 as a result of global warming.

Water levels would also increase in Bangkok's main Chao Phraya river, which already overflows regularly.

If no action is taken to protect the city, "in 50 years... most of Bangkok will be below sea level," said Anond Snidvongs, a climate change expert at the capital's Chulalongkorn University, told AFP earlier this month.


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Engineers 'destroying Northern Ireland coasts'

Mike McKimm BBC News 15 Nov 11;

Engineering solutions to coastal erosion are often damaging, often don't work and usually cost a lot.

That was the blunt message a coastal geologist gave to an international conference on coastal management in Belfast.

Professor Andrew Cooper told an audience of civil engineers that some of the solutions coastal engineers used to tackle erosion and rising sea levels "are making our response all the more difficult".

He described coastal engineering as a "bankrupt profession", telling the conference: "The reason engineers should not be involved in coastal management is that they inevitably promote an engineering approach and the more sustainable and environmentally friendly approaches are not even considered."

He told the BBC: "Most local authorities call on their consulting engineers for advice.

"If you're an engineer, you've got a certain number of 'products' that you sell so the chances are that you're going to come up with an engineered solution.

"We think that there ought to be other options. For example, we can sometimes live with the risk from coastal erosion.

"In many places there are engineering structures where there is no need for them. In some cases you can move the infrastructure at risk and best of all you can choose not to build in places where you shouldn't be building."

Professor Cooper, from the University of Ulster, told the conference that in Northern Ireland and all around the world, coasts were capable of looking after themselves.

He said building walls and sea defences destroy a naturally functioning healthy ecosystem and claimed that when it all goes wrong the engineers resort to blaming storms.

He claimed that engineers have destroyed beaches on a global scale and that the short-term perspective they take is unsustainable, environmentally damaging and costly.

"The problem is not in the design and construction of engineering structures on the shoreline, but the environmental impact of these structures".


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Tokay Gecko trade boom in South-East Asia

TRAFFIC 16 Nov 11;

Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 16th November 2011—Unfounded claims of a potential cure for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is one factor behind a boom in the trade of Tokay Geckos, according to a new report launched today by TRAFFIC, the wildlife trade monitoring network.

The Tokay Gecko Gekko gecko is a nocturnal Asian lizard growing up to 40 cm in length and easily identified by its orange-spotted, blue-grey skin and unmistakable vocalizations.

The animals are popular in the global pet trade and have long been traded—both legally and illegally—for use in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the belief they can cure various maladies including diabetes, asthma, skin disease and cancer. In parts of Asia, Tokay wine or whisky is consumed to increase strength and energy.

Between 1998 and 2002, more than eight and a half tonnes of dried Tokay Geckos were legally imported into the USA for use in traditional medicine. Huge numbers are traded within Asia, from countries such as Indonesia and Thailand, to meet demand, especially in China.

Recently, however, the medicinal demand for Tokay Geckos has skyrocketed, with dozens of new websites in Malaysia, a major hub of the trade, dedicated to buying and selling Tokay Geckos.

Messages have been circulating in online blogs, forums, newspaper articles, classified advertisements and amongst wildlife dealers in the region, extolling the consumption of Tokay Gecko tongue and internal organs as a cure for HIV and even cancer.

The geckos are being sourced across South-East Asia, especially the Philippines, where authorities have launched a crackdown on Tokay Gecko buyers amid growing reports of illegal trade in the animals.

One couple was recently arrested attempting to smuggle Tokay Geckos worth close to a million dollars from Thailand to Malaysia.

Indonesia exports an estimated 1.2 million dried Tokay Geckos from Java each year—the official export quota is 45,000 live animals, intended for the pet trade.

Two weeks ago, Customs officers in Central Java foiled an attempt to smuggle 6.7 tonnes of dried Tokay Geckos bound for Hong Kong and China using expired permits.

Unsurprisingly there are anecdotal reports of major Tokay Gecko population declines in Java and this picture is likely to be mirrored elsewhere.

However, the Tokay Gecko remains poorly protected by national legislation throughout most of its range and is not listed for protected under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES).

“TRAFFIC is alarmed at the massive increase in trade of these geckos,” said Chris R. Shepherd, Deputy Director of TRAFFIC Southeast Asia.

“If the trade continues to mushroom, it could take years to repair the damage currently being inflicted on gecko populations.”

“Protection under CITES should urgently be considered as a stitch in time for the Tokay Gecko.”

According to the new report, published in the latest TRAFFIC Bulletin, underlying the current Tokay Gecko trade are “Incredible claims of miracle cures and vast monetary gains [that] may be indicative of an elaborate hoax. Perpetrated by whom, to what extent and in what capacity remains a mystery. What is clear, however, is that the demand for Tokay Geckos is leading to the rapacious collection of this species throughout South-East Asia.”

Also in the TRAFFIC Bulletin (PDF, 3.5 MB)—which this issue focuses on South-East Asia—are articles on the region’s tortoises and turtles, carnivores, pangolins, the indigenous people of Belum-Temengor, and trade in birds-of-paradise.

Activists urge protection of hunted gecko species
AFP Yahoo News 17 Nov 11;

Wildlife activists on Wednesday called for the orange-spotted Tokay Gecko to be protected under international laws following a spike in smuggling of the lizard, mainly for medicine in China.

International wildlife trade monitoring network TRAFFIC said in a statement that the trade, both legal and illegal, in the gecko known for its blue-grey skin and loud croak was on the rise across Southeast Asia.

It called for the nocturnal animal to be protected under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) as a "stitch in time" for the Asian gecko.

"TRAFFIC is alarmed at the massive increase in trade of these geckos," said Chris Shepherd, deputy director of TRAFFIC Southeast Asia.

"If the trade continues to mushroom, it could take years to repair the damage currently being inflicted on gecko populations," he added.

The animals are captured across Southeast Asia, especially the Philippines as well as Indonesia, according to a new report launched by TRAFFIC, which points out their "rapacious collection."

They are usually killed and dried, and shipped to China for use in traditional medicine billed to cure various diseases, including HIV and cancer. Tokay wine or whiskey is also sold as an energy booster.

"Recently... the medicinal demand for Tokay Geckos has skyrocketed, with dozens of new websites in Malaysia, a major hub of the trade, dedicated to buying and selling Tokay Geckos," the statement said.

TRAFFIC said it would investigate this trade. The TRAFFIC report also said claims of the gecko's potential as a cure "may be indicative of an elaborate hoax."

The Tokay Geckos, which can grow up to 40 centimetres (15.7 inches), are also popular pets.

Malaysia has pledged to fight wildlife smuggling, which activists say is rampant in the Southeast Asian nation due to regional demand for exotic dishes, pets, or traditional medicines derived from animals.

WHO: Geckos not cures for HIV/AIDS or cancer
Lim Wey Wen The Star 21 Nov 11;

PUTRAJAYA: Geckos are not cures for HIV, AIDS or cancer.

The World Health Organisation (WHO) posted a message on its Facebook page to remind people that reports stating otherwise were not true.

WHO’s posting coincided with wildlife trade watchdog TRAFFIC’s call for the protection of the to’keh (or tokay) gecko, following a sharp increase in illegal smuggling of the lizard in Southeast Asia.

“We’d like to remind you that the gecko is not a cure for HIV/AIDS, or cancer.

“The rumour that says otherwise is a hoax,” the WHO message stated.

“There is no scientific evidence that gecko can cure HIV/AIDS or cancer.

“Nor is there information on the safety and hygiene consequences from exposure to geckos,” the health organisation said.

Malaysian Society for HIV Medicine immediate past president Dr Christopher Lee said: “We strongly advise people who are infected with HIV to continue with the anti-retroviral treatment provided free in government hospitals.

“This is because the anti-retroviral treatment is the only treatment that is proven to work so far in the four decades of the HIV epidemic,” he added.

TRAFFIC was quoted in The Star yesterday as saying that the demand for tokay geckos had skyrocketed recently due to unfounded claims on Asian websites and blogs that consuming the reptile’s tongue and internal organs could cure HIV and cancer.


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Hong Kong seizes record haul of rhino horns

AFP Yahoo News 15 Nov 11;

Hong Kong Customs officers have seized a record haul of 33 rhino horns along with ivory chopsticks and bracelets hidden inside a container shipped from South Africa, officials said on Tuesday.

Officers found the horns along with 758 ivory chopsticks and 127 ivory bracelets in a haul worth a total of about HK$17.4 million ($2.2 million) during a search Monday of a container declared as containing "scrap plastic".

Senior Customs official Lam Tak-fai told RTHK radio the horns were carefully wrapped in multiple layers of materials and hidden in the rear of the container.

"We think the smugglers wanted to make it look like waste plastic material so as to evade Customs detection," he said, adding the haul was believed to have been destined for a neighbouring country.

Lam said rhino horns had been seized in Hong Kong in the past but never in such large quantities.

"Altogether we have 86.54 kilograms of rhino horns, it's a record seizure so far in Customs history," he said.

Conservation group WWF said earlier this month that rhino poaching in South Africa had hit a record high, with 341 of the animals lost to poachers so far this year as black-market demand for their horns soars.

Officials blame the poaching surge on organised crime syndicates selling rhino horn for use in Asian medicinal treatments -- especially in Vietnam, where it is believed to cure cancer.

The UN wildlife trade regulator has called for stiffer penalties for poachers, with the price of a rhino horn per kilo fetching around $50,000 ($23,000 per pound).

Under Hong Kong law, anyone found guilty of importing endangered species for commercial purposes is liable to a maximum fine of HK$5 million and two years' imprisonment.

No one has been arrested so far and Lam said the investigation was continuing.

Hong Kong rhino horn seizure a unique enforcement opportunity—TRAFFIC
TRAFFIC 16 Nov 11;

Cambridge, UK, 16th November 2011—Tuesday’s seizure by Hong Kong Customs of 33 rhino horns, 758 ivory chopsticks and 127 ivory bracelets concealed inside a container shipped to Hong Kong from Cape Town, South Africa, provides a unique opportunity to gain insights into the criminal syndicates trafficking wildlife goods between Africa and Asia, according to TRAFFIC.

TRAFFIC supports the South African Department of Environmental Affairs in requesting the authorities in Hong Kong to send DNA samples of the seized goods to the Veterinary Genetics Laboratory at the University of Pretoria in South Africa for examination.

If the horn samples can be matched with records in the rhino DNA database it may be possible to identify the individual animals that were poached for their horns.

“Such an effort could yield major clues about who is behind this consignment,” said Tom Milliken, TRAFFIC’s rhino expert.

This is the largest rhino horn seizure made in the current poaching crisis. Viet Nam is considered the pre-eminent contemporary market for rhino horn in Asia, and authorities in Viet Nam have previously seized rhino horn transported from Hong Kong by air, but the scale and method of transport suggest the shipment may have been destined elsewhere.

“The fact worked ivory was also present suggests the 33 rhino horns were likely destined for the greater Chinese market,” Milliken added.

“That’s a very worrying development given the scale of this seizure, and an important indication that the Chinese market is becoming an active phenomenon in rhino horn trafficking.”

No arrests have so far been made, although authorities in Hong Kong have confirmed the horns are genuine and say investigations are ongoing.

Under Hong Kong’s Import and Export Ordinance, any person found guilty of importing unmanifested cargoes is liable to a maximum fine of HKD2 million (USD257,000) and imprisonment for seven years.

In addition, under the Protection of Endangered Species of Animals and Plants Ordinance, any person found guilty of importing endangered species for commercial purposes is liable to a maximum fine of HKD5 million (USD642,000) and imprisonment for two years.

“This case highlights the need for South African Port Authorities to invest in scanning equipment and up their game in terms of surveillance of the country’s export cargo,” says Markus Burgener of TRAFFIC’s fisheries programme. The port of Cape Town is also a major conduit for illegal shipments of abalone to Hong Kong.


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Less than 1% of sharks caught in the Atlantic are protected

Most shark species are still being caught and killed despite heading towards extinction, Oceana report says
Suzanne Goldenberg guardian.co.uk 15 Nov 11;

Only a tiny fraction of sharks caught in the Atlantic – less than 1% – are under protection, even though most shark species are heading towards extinction, a report warns on Tuesday.

Officials from 48 Atlantic fishing countries are meeting in Istanbul this week to try to protect bluefin tuna, swordfish and other large fish.

But existing conservation efforts are only saving a tiny proportion of sharks, the report from the Oceana conservation group said.

"It's just the tip of the iceberg, and there are a lot of shark species, many of them vulnerable species, that are still being caught and killed," said Elizabeth Griffin Wilson, a senior scientist at Oceana.

Conservation groups at the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tuna (Iccat) meeting are pushing for a ban on the catch of porbeagle and silky sharks – which are at extreme risk – as well as catch limits on other species such as the shortfin mako shark.

Three quarters of the wide ranging shark now being caught in the Atlantic are under threat, the report said.

But Iccat countries to date have only limited protection for specific shark species such as the bigeye thresher, hammerhead and oceanic whitetip sharks.

There are no limits on the fishing of 15 Atlantic shark species even though some – such as the silky shark – are close to extinction.

Conservationist groups hope the Istanbul meeting will build on recent momentum on shark conservation.

The White House on Monday sought the Senate's approval for a new international treaty that would make it easier for countries to crack down on any illegal catches being brought to port. The state of Florida is expected to adopt new protection measures this week.

The European Union last week banned all fishing for porbeagle shark in the Atlantic and Mediterranean.

But it is a race against time. Sharks were not built for reproduction. They can take take years to reach sexual maturity, and produce only a few pups.

And highly mobile animals are notoriously difficult to protect.

"You just can't manage them one country by one country because they cross international boundaries," Wilson said.

Atlantic fishing countries reported catching more than 68,000 tonnes of shark in 2009, or more than 1.3 million animals. Most were caught inadvertently by vessels targeting tuna and other fish.

Populations of some species, such as the porbeagle, which are caught for their meat as well as their fins, have fallen by 99% since the middle of the last century.

Scientists estimate it could take up to 34 years for populations to recover – even with the new EU protections.

Fishing of porbeagle sharks continue in Canadian waters, Wilson said.

Three other shark species are also at high risk: silky sharks, shortfin mako, and blue sharks, the report said.

Group calls on tuna fisheries for better shark protection
AFP Yahoo News 15 Nov 11;

Countries involved in bluefin tuna fishing need to do more to protect the collateral killing of sharks, an environmental group said Tuesday.

Three-quarters of migratory shark species that inhabit bluefin fishing areas are threatened with extinction, the Oceana group warned the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT.)

"The fishing countries of the Atlantic can no longer ignore that shark populations are being decimated by ICCAT fisheries," Oceana manager Elizabeth Griffin Wilson said.

Representatives from dozens of bluefin tuna fishing nations are meeting in Turkey to discuss ways to improve protection for the endangered fish, savoured by many sushi eaters for its firm meat.

Oceana wants the 48 commission members to prohibit the retention of endangered or other particularly vulnerable species, including porbeagle and silky sharks.

The commission already has introduced protections for the bigeye thresher, hammerhead and oceanic whitetip sharks.

The US Pew Environment Group wants fishermen to use new materials that allow sharks to escape, such as nylon fishing lines that can be severed by a shark but not a tuna.

"Banning wire leaders and not allowing vessels to retain certain species would help reduce the vast number of sharks caught and killed in Atlantic fisheries," said Pew shark campaign manager Jill Hepp.

Pew says 73 million sharks are killed each year, mainly for their fins, which are used in soup in some Asian countries.


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Best of our wild blogs: 15 Nov 11


19 Nov (Sat): Talk on "Singapore's Coral Reefs" by Jeffrey Low
from wild shores of singapore

A day out with diver friends - Hantu reefs
from Psychedelic Nature

Planting for birds: Muntingia calabura
from Bird Ecology Study Group

Pulau Ubin November 2011
from Ubin.sgkopi


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'City in a Garden' will require ownership, dedication: Lee Kuan Yew

Esther Ng Today Online 15 Nov 11;

SINGAPORE - It has been almost 50 years since former Minister Mentor Lee Kuan Yew launched his Garden City movement.

And just as becoming a Garden City took "strong political will" and dedication, achieving the "City in a Garden" vision will need "innovation, ownership and dedication" at all levels of society, said Mr Lee yesterday.

Mr Lee was speaking at a tour of the Flower Dome, one of the two conservatories at Singapore's Gardens by the Bay.

Mr Lee hailed Gardens by the Bay as a world-class garden, a testimony to how far Singapore has progressed in greening the city-state, and one that will contribute to the vision of "City in a Garden".

"It will showcase what we can do to bring the world of plants to all Singaporeans," he said. "The gardens will no doubt continue to grow and this is where the support of the corporate community and individual will make this Garden the pride of Singapore."

He added that he was sure that Singaporeans will grow to love the gardens "as much as they do the Singapore Botanic Gardens".

Despite urbanisation, Singapore has become more green since the time he planted his first tree at Holland Road Circus in 1963, as Singapore has set aside land for gardens, parks and nature reserves, Mr Lee noted.

"Many visitors are amazed at our tree-lined roads, and this has become an economic value for us," said Mr Lee.

"More importantly, Singaporeans today live in beautifully landscaped housing estates, and are able to exercise and enjoy fresh air in the urban oases right at their doorsteps. None of this would have been possible without decades of conscientious planning and commitment," he added.

The Flower Dome is open this week to the public for preview.

Mr Lee takes in the blooms at Gardens by the Bay
Tessa Wong Straits Times 15 Nov 11;

AFTER a tour of Singapore's newest gem at Marina Bay, the man who envisioned Singapore as a Garden City declared: 'I am sure Singaporeans will grow to love Gardens by the Bay as much as they do the Botanic Gardens.'

Mr Lee Kuan Yew, Singapore's former prime minister, gave his nod of approval yesterday as he took in the bountiful blooms in the Flower Dome, one of three sections in the Gardens by the Bay complex being developed by the National Parks Board (NParks).

Under a soaring glass dome, Mr Lee viewed landscaped exhibits that featured, among others, olive and palm trees, before he stopped to admire sprays of butterfly orchids that were part of the ongoing World Orchid Show.

The show ends on Nov 20, which is when the Flower Dome will also be closed to the public until its scheduled opening next June.

The journey to building this 'world-class garden' by the bay can be traced back almost 50 years, recalled Mr Lee.

In 1963, he planted his first tree in Holland Road Circus.

'It was to make Singapore green,' he told about 100 people who were invited to yesterday's special preview of the Flower Dome for their contributions to the creation of the new Eden.

Cities of concrete buildings, tarmac and pavements would be depressing and unpleasant to live in, he said. 'You need to balance that with trees and flowers.'

Almost half of Singapore is covered with greenery, he noted, adding that 'this has become an economic value to us'.

Also important are the beautifully landscaped housing estates, he said: 'None of this would have been possible without decades of conscientious planning and commitment.'

But many countries also plant trees now and call themselves garden cities, he said, and to remain competitive, Singapore has a new vision: City in a Garden.

It is not just about developing green infrastructure: 'We are building a home to be proud of in the next few decades.'

Urging Singaporeans to work with the Government on it, he said: 'Just as becoming a Garden City took strong political will, dedication and support from Singaporeans, achieving the City in a Garden vision will need innovation, ownership, and dedication at all levels of society.'

Looking at the corporate bigwigs before him, he expressed confidence that support from 'the corporate community and individual will make this garden the pride of Singapore'.

Among the business leaders were hotelier Ong Beng Seng; his wife Christina, owner of luxury retail company Club 21 and chairman of NParks; City Developments executive chairman Kwek Leng Beng; and former banker Theresa Foo, who is chairman of Gardens by the Bay.

Dr Tan Wee Kiat, chief executive officer of Gardens by the Bay, said Mr Lee was curious to know if the plants would grow any bigger, and whether the baobab trees from Africa were all from the same genetic background.

Dr Tan told him the plants were mature and unlikely to grow bigger, and the baobabs were of different specimens.

'He was very curious, and very interested in everything he saw,' said Dr Tan.


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Singapore Cruise Centre to help save Coral Triangle

Straits Times 15 Nov 11;

AS ASIA'S leisure cruise industry prepares to grow, the Singapore Cruise Centre (SCC) is taking steps to save the seas and encourage responsible tourism.

It will partner the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) in raising awareness of the fragile Coral Triangle, a popular cruising ground that includes the seas surrounding six countries: Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands and Timor Leste.

Ms Carine Seror, director of corporate engagement at WWF Singapore, welcomed the partnership, saying pollution from litter by tourists is a threat to marine life in the Coral Triangle.

The SCC - which manages cruise and ferry terminals in HarbourFront, Pasir Panjang and Tanah Merah - will set up public education booths and display posters at its ports from early next year to reach out to its five million passengers.

It will also place WWF donation boxes on its premises and contribute $20,000 a year to support the wildlife conservation group.

Ms Christina Siaw, chief executive officer of the SCC, said Asia's cruise industry is 'on the cusp of explosive growth' fuelled by travellers from China, India and Indonesia.

'If that happens in the next five years, we're talking about over 70 million people,' Ms Siaw said. 'And when you first start to cruise, you go to the nearby places and one of the most attractive places in South-east Asia is the Coral Triangle, so (the partnership with WWF) is a timely thing.'

The SCC also plans to work with food and beverage outlets at its terminals, to encourage them not to serve shark or fish from unsustainable sources in the Coral Triangle.

The tie-up was announced yesterday by the SCC's chairman, Mr Soo Kok Leng, at its 20th anniversary celebration, held at the Maritime Experiential Museum and Aquarium in Sen-tosa.

HUANG LIJIE

Educating travellers on Coral Triangle
Singapore Cruise Center ties up with WWF to raise awareness
Lynn Kan The Business Times 15 Nov 11;

(SINGAPORE) As the Singapore Cruise Center (SCC) turned 20 yesterday, it gave itself the best present it could give: a good cause.

The cruise-terminal operator has teamed up with the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) to raise awareness about the Coral Triangle in the neighbouring waters of Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Papua New Guinea.

When renovation of the SCC-owned HarbourFront cruise terminal wraps up in 2012, booths, donation boxes and educational material about the Coral Triangle will be rolled out.

These activities will also take place at SCC's ferry terminals at Tanah Merah and Pasir Panjang, letting WWF's message reach the five million passengers who pass through the three terminals each year.

They will get to know about the rich biodiversity of the waters here and how their actions can have an impact on the Coral Triangle eco-system and economies which rely on them.

The Coral Triangle is one of the largest centres of biodiversity in the world, carrying 75 per cent of the world's coral population and over 2,000 species of reef fish.

'If anything happens to the waters here, potentially six of the seven turtle species which rely on the Coral triangle will be wiped out,' said WWF Singapore director of corporate engagement Carine Seror.

SCC chief executive officer Christina Siaw said that as more Asian travellers discover the charms of cruise travel, they would naturally head to the nearby Coral Triangle.

'The message is going to dovetail with a lot of (cruising) traffic,' she said. 'It is a timely thing where we have to think about sustainability and to be responsible for our actions.'

Besides reaching out to the public, the SCC will work with its food and beverage tenants in HarbourFront Center to not serve species of seafood that are on the WWF's 'Avoid' list.

Moreover, SCC will introduce the conservation message into a Maritime Passenger Service course it helped develop at the Institute of Technical Education in April next year.

In the future, Ms Siaw hopes that SCC will be able to enlist the help of cruise lines which berth at SCC's terminals to minimise their impact to the Coral Triangle.

'In the near future, there's nothing to stop us from incentivising the cruise lines to be more environmentally conscious and to take steps to protect the environment,' she said.


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Lamenting the loss of another piece of history

Dr Gan Su-lin Today Online 15 Nov 11;

It started innocently enough; a notice in the newspapers about a Chinese cemetery making way for an MRT depot. This prompted me, in early 2008, to drive over with some colleagues for a look-see.

That visit saw us spending the next 13 months actively collecting information, oral histories, and documenting exhumation and temple-related rituals. Our photos reveal that we literally watched as the verdant serenity and historical riches of Kwong Hou Sua Cemetery (KHS) off Woodlands Road were utterly and irrevocably erased.

The lush greenery with its bird calls and cicada shrill were steadily replaced with the stink of excavator fumes and the barren lifelessness of uprooted trees and shrubbery. Pieces of once beautiful carved headstones and statuary lying, incongruously, in neat piles of smashed rubble.

Our work in KHS helped me realise I did not feel rooted to Singapore because I had few people, place and thing markers that made me feel proud of Singapore.

Physical markers I valued from childhood and adolescence - such as the National Theatre, National Library and what I remember as Pasir Panjang Beach - have been, like KHS, obliterated.

I do not envy our urban planners who must balance the need for modernisation with conservation. It is the work they are doing that helps keep Singapore an attractive place for investors whose contributions to our nation's economic wealth and comparatively advanced national development afford me the luxury of railing against policies with which I might not always agree.

Still, with each generation, our memories of our beginnings grow dimmer. How can we feel proud of and rooted to a home that offers mostly transient proof points for belonging?

How do we reconcile today's push for character education when our forefathers along with ecological riches and cultural heritage are ploughed under to ease traffic congestion?

With each visit to Bukit Brown, I have again felt the pain from the destruction of Kwong Hou Sua.

I lament the looming loss of the irreplaceable tangible history of our nation. I lament that we selectively remember the past that has made possible much of the present. Worse, that we have failed to systematically record and recount these stories so that our progeny and theirs will remember the many sacrifices and gifts that built Singapore.

Yet, in all my lamentations, I am also grateful for the gifts I have received through my cemetery documentation work. The people I have met, stories that have inspired me, lessons that I have learned, values that have been reinforced. I have been spurred to trace my Chinese Peranakan heritage and to learn more about Chinese culture and customs. These have, in turn, done more for my sense of Chinese-ness than did years of being forced to learn Mandarin.



Dr Gan Su-lin is with Republic Polytechnic.


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Bangkok flood: Polluted water a threat to Gulf sealife

Janjira Pongrai The Nation 15 Nov 11;

The large volume of polluted flood water being released into the Gulf of Thailand could greatly affect marine life, Thai academics warned yesterday.

At a marine scientists' seminar at Chulalongkorn University (CU), Asst Prof Pramot Sojisuporn from CU's Physical Oceanography Department, said some 10 billion cubic metres of polluted water would pour into the Gulf over a short period. This would cause the salinity to be dramatically lowered from the Gulf's normal level of 32 parts-per-thousand (ppt) to just 2 ppt.

The seawater at a 5km radius from the coast and 15km-deep would be like freshwater, affecting the mangrove bio-system and creatures exposed to such conditions for one to two months could be killed, he said.

"Normally, if freshwater pours into the sea and remains for only a week, it won't extensively affect the area and creatures. But this flood water would affect coastal incubation grounds for shells, as well as the chub, [and] mackerel in Phetchaburi and Samut Sakhon," he said.

This could affect the Gulf even more severely than the tsunami and the great flood in 1983.

Marine and Coastal Resources Department executive Micmin Jarujinda said his office was setting up 50 spots for water quality testing around the Gulf, which would monitor the salinity and dissolved oxygen levels over the next 10 days.

With the water expected to flow towards the Gulf's western coast the areas of most worry were Samut Songkhram's Don Hoi Lot, Phetchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan and Chumphon, he said. Bruda whales and Irrawaddy dolphins could be indirectly affected as their food, such as sea catfish and squid, would be reduced.

Thammsak Yeemin from Ramkhamhaeng, said an inspection at Chon Buri's Koh Khangkao and Koh Sichang showed the salinity level of the "upper sea" was down to 4ptt while the lower sea was at 23ptt. It also found 64-per cent coral bleaching.

The seminar, which will also propose measures to tackle the problem - was told that 40 crabs were seen dying on a 1km stretch of the Samut Songkhram coast, while the seawater had turned black-ish and smelly.

Meanwhile, the Pollution Control Department (PCD)'s Waste and Hazardous Substance Management Bureau director Rangsan Pinthong said the quality of water in Bangkok and Pathum Thani was substandard.

Test results on flood water -especially at people's homes - in Don Muang, Sai Mai and Lat Phrao districts showed a deteriorated water quality and the lower-than-standard level of dissolved oxygen. However, water on roads was a better quality because it flowed.

Water in Nakhon Sawan, Ayutthaya, Chai Nat and Lop Buri, though, was normal.

He also said there was no report of water contaminated with chemicals and a check of five industrial estates in Ayutthaya and Pathum Thani's Nava Nakorn Industrial Estate found officials had good control of the flood situation.

Rangsan said the PCD would continue to assess the situation in Lat Krabang and Bang Chan industrial estates regularly. The department would also give advice for rehabilitation after the flood on water quality to related agencies.

Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Department chief Wibul Sanguanpong urged people in flood-hit homes not to use chemicals during the flood and to securely cover containers with chemicals and put them away in case they leak into the water and cause harm or an allergic reaction by some people.

Wibul urged people to split electronic garbage such as batteries from dry trash and keep it away from water. He said people who spot chemical containers, wastewater pools or hazardous garbage underwater should alert officials so they can be disposed of properly.

Thai flood run-off threat to marine life
Damon Wake (AFP) Google News 15 Nov 11;

BANGKOK — As billions of cubic metres of water flow away from Thailand's devastating floods, experts and campaigners are warning that millions of sea creatures could be the next victims of the disaster.

Fish and shellfish farmers on the Gulf of Thailand coast have been warned by Thai authorities to protect their stocks as an estimated 10 billion cubic metres of water flow into the gulf, massively diluting the salt water.

Environmental campaigners are also warning that pollutants in the floodwaters from agriculture and industry could have a longer-term impact -- and may even enter the food chain.

Pramot Sojisuporn, Assistant Professor at the Department of Marine Science at Bangkok's Chulalongkorn University said the huge volume of water pouring into the gulf over the next month will cause salt levels to drop significantly, affecting fish and other marine animals.

"The problem is the salinity in the upper Gulf of Thailand will be reduced as it receives the fresh water -- a lot of fresh water," he told AFP.

"The fresh water will not affect the fish (so badly) but it will affect organisms that stay in the mud, so for mussels, clams, they will die."

Pramot said the deluge of floodwaters could mean salt levels fall from the usual level of around 32 parts per thousand to around two parts per thousand, and in the inner gulf the water will be like fresh water.

"If the water is fresh for over two months they will die," he said.

Aquaculture -- farming fish, cockles, mussels, shrimps, oysters and clams -- is one of the mainstays of the economy on the gulf coast, and Pramot said the sector would be badly affected by the fall in salinity.

On Monday the Fisheries Department warned fish farmers in Samut Sakhorn province, south of Bangkok, and to the west of the capital, to harvest or move their animals and strengthen flood defences on ponds.

Ply Pirom, toxic campaigner for environmental activist group Greenpeace, said the run-off would likely kill millions of sea organisms, dealing a heavy blow to fish and shellfish farmers -- and it could affect the food chain.

"For the short term we might see some dead fish along the coast of Gulf of Thailand because of the salinity," he said.

"Some smaller organisms are more sensitive to the change of water quality and salinity, so these small organisms would die eventually and this is the food for the large fish."

Ply said that while the sea would naturally restore its salinity, there were concerns of more lasting problems from flood run-off contaminated with pollutants from agriculture and industry.

"The concern is that the run-off water picks up chemicals and goes into the Gulf of Thailand, which is a closed system," he said explaining that as a result, the pollution could enter the food chain.

"The problem is that the Gulf of Thailand is quite a closed system. There is no continuous flow. It's surrounded by land. The flow of water is very slow."

A team from Chulalongkorn University will begin testing in the gulf next week in an effort to predict how the fresh water will disperse and how far it will spread.

Pramot said the northeast monsoon would most likely spread the waters to the west of the gulf, some southern provinces and possibly the popular beach resort of Hua Hin.

The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment will also set up around 50 points around the gulf to test water quality, and more in the estuary of the Chao Phraya, the main river that flows through Bangkok.

"We have to monitor a large volume, so we can work out how it will affect sea life, how long the effects will last and how long it will take to recover," a ministry official who asked not to be named said.

Until the research is completed it is difficult to predict how much of the gulf will be affected, or for how long, but one thing is clear -- come what may, the waters will reach the sea.


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Marine life falls victim to Queensland's floods

John Taylor and staff ABC News 14 Nov 11;

Nine months after floods and cyclones battered Queensland, dugongs and turtles are dying in record numbers around the coast.

Just as many homes across the state were damaged, so too were seagrass beds under the water from the tip of the state to the New South Wales border.

Many of the creatures have starved to death, with those weakened also falling victim to boat strikes and fishing nets.

Despite nearly 1,000 turtles and 170 dugongs dying so far, the Queensland Government believes the animal populations will recover.

But some experts are concerned about their long-term survival.

"We've had all this silt plume go out and cover the seagrass. And as you know, it needs to photosynthesise. It can't do that," said Trevor Long, Seaworld's marine sciences director.

"The seagrass has died right back. In many areas, it's actually been lost completely."

Dugongs are a vulnerable species. An expedition into Brisbane's Moreton Bay earlier this year was just one of the scientific expeditions happening to monitor dugongs' health and long-term survival.

"I am worried. I think that as we're seeing changes with climate change, these type of events may become more common," Mr Long said.

"And that's why I think we need to act now. I think that we need to be trialling pilot programs, we need to be looking at ways - especially with dugong - is there a way that we can supplementary feed many of these animals."

But Queensland Environment Department spokeswoman Julia Playford does not believe the two species will decline overall.

"We don't think we're going to be seeing a species extinction or anything even close, but we think that the population will recover in subsequent years of good rainfall," she said.

"We don't really think it's the beginning of a trend. We think that it's been a one-off event. We don't have floods this size every year."

Even so, more dugongs and turtles are expected to die this year.


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