Nature Society slams land-use plan

Feng Zengkun The Straits Times 8 Jan 2014;

THE Nature Society (NSS) has taken issue with the Government's latest land-use draft masterplan, calling it "embarrassingly negligible" in its commitment to conserving biodiversity.

In a strongly worded document posted on its website last Friday, the society said that only 4.4 per cent of Singapore's projected 76,600ha land area in 2030 was seriously committed to preserving the country's wealth of plants and animals.

This falls well short of the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity, which Singapore ratified in 1995. The UN recommended that by 2020, at least 17 per cent of terrestrial and inland water areas should be conserved.

A draft of the Urban Redevelopment Authority's masterplan, which guides land use over the next 10 to 15 years and is revised every five years, was unveiled last November. It will be finalised by June after taking in the public's feedback.

It included a pledge to expand green spaces, introduce more than 60km of "nature ways" by next year to link green spaces for birds, butterflies and small animals, and build a new eco-corridor through the future Tengah town to connect the Western Water Catchment and the Bukit Timah and Central Catchment Nature Reserves.

While plans to create more public parks are laudable, they cannot count towards serious efforts to preserve flora and fauna, as parks are created mainly for people, said NSS.

"With the exclusion of the public parks and the so-called nature areas... we have only 4.4 per cent of Singapore's total land area (in 2030) committed seriously to biodiversity conservation."

The NSS's 4.4 per cent figure includes nature reserves, which are protected from development by law, but excludes reservoirs as well as previously announced "nature areas", such as a 20ha natural greenery patch in Admiralty Park, which are left alone only if there is no need for development.

Although ratification of the UN convention does not mean "total adherence" to it, Singapore's 4.4 per cent is a "shocking, niggardly contribution" to the benchmark, NSS said.

Government Parliamentary Committee for National Development and Environment chairman Lee Bee Wah said Singapore is a country and city with competing land uses. "We should not harp on the percentages. It is more important to strike a balance," she said, adding the 17 per cent target may be more achievable in other places with more land.

The URA said it has received NSS' feedback and is assessing the suggestions.


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Best of our wild blogs: 8 Jan 14



Sat 11 & Sun 12, Jan : Morning Guided Walks
from a.t.Bukit Brown. Heritage. Habitat. History.

Workshop on Free Web Tools for Green NGOs (19 Feb 2014)
from Green Future Solutions

Blue-winged Pitta and the Changeable Lizard
from Bird Ecology Study Group

Butterflies Galore! : Lesser Darkie
from Butterflies of Singapore


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Bidadari development could force squirrels out, threaten native species

Neo Chai Chin Today Online 8 Jan 14;

SINGAPORE — With the Bidadari area due for housing development, some nature enthusiasts are concerned that a non-native squirrel species there could venture closer to nature reserves, threatening native species.

The creature in question is the Finlayson’s squirrel, a non-native species believed to have originated from escaped or abandoned pets. It has been around for more than 20 years, said Nature Society Singapore council member Tony O’Dempsey. It can be sighted in Bidadari and Woodleigh Park, but is native to Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam.

Mr O’Dempsey and other nature enthusiasts believe the Finlayson’s squirrel, which is typically brown or orange-red with a lighter underside, should be removed as it is considered a fairly aggressive squirrel that could displace native species such as the slender squirrel and plantain squirrel. It also preys on small native animals like chicks and is known to damage the bark of trees.

“Further development of park connectors may aid the expansion of (the Finlayson’s squirrel’s) current range,” he said. It would do “a lot of damage” if it moves into the nature reserves.

The National Parks Board is aware of the squirrel’s presence in Bidadari and Woodleigh. The board “is in the process of working with non-governmental organisations and Singapore naturalists to monitor the population and study the appropriate measures to take, if necessary,” said Dr Geoffrey Davison, Deputy Director of the National Biodiversity Centre.

Despite a few sightings of the squirrel elsewhere in Singapore, Dr Davison said there was no evidence of any sustained population outside Bidadari and Woodleigh. Its impact on vegetation is also similar to that caused by native squirrel species.

However, he noted the impending development of Bidadari may displace the squirrel and result in competition for space and food with native species. He did not provide an estimate of the squirrel’s population, but said it has increased gradually over the years.

Members of the nature community called for a study on the current range and number of the Finlayson’s squirrel, also known as the variable squirrel. This would inform any management strategy for the squirrel and allocation of resources, said Nature Society President Shawn Lum.

“There’s been enough interest generated in the animal that we may soon see a group of people coming together to carry this out,” he added.

Experiments to determine the best way of removing the squirrels should also be done, said Mr O’Dempsey.

When asked about relocation possibilities for the squirrel, Chief Executive of the Animal Concerns Research and Education Society Louis Ng noted the lack of alternative nature areas in Singapore and said ACRES would be keen to look into the possibility of trapping and sending the squirrels back to their native countries.

“We don’t want to send the message animals can be just culled … it’s a problem we created and it’s a problem that we should solve — and it’s not by killing the animals,” he said.


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Govt to make energy and chemicals industry more competitive: PM Lee

Channel NewsAsia 8 Jan 14;

SINGAPORE: Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong said Singapore will continue to support the energy and chemicals industry and that the government stands fully behind petrochemicals companies here to help them succeed.

Mr Lee was speaking on Wednesday at the opening ceremony of ExxonMobil's Singapore Chemical Plant expansion in Jurong Island.

While Asia's continued growth will fuel demand for chemical products, Mr Lee added that there are several challenges too.

Among them, growing competition from other petrochemical hubs in US, China and Europe, rising global concern over carbon emissions and domestic constraints such as the cut in foreign labour as well as more expensive land.

Mr Lee said bold decisions like Jurong Island have enabled Singapore to overcome its constraints and forge a leading position in the energy and chemicals industry.

He added that Singapore supplies a third of Southeast Asia's total fuel needs and is one of a few countries capable of producing low sulphur automotive and bunker fuels.

To maintain Singapore's lead in the industry, Mr Lee outlined several strategies.

They include what Mr Lee called - Jurong Island version 2.0 - the upgrading of Jurong Island to make it more competitive and sustainable so as to attract new investment.

There are also efforts to upgrade capabilities through workforce training and research and development.

Mr Lee said Singapore will continue to play its part in helping to tackle climate change even as it grows the industry by working with the industry to reduce emissions and other pollutants.

The energy and chemicals sector contributes to a third of Singapore's manufacturing output.

It also provides many positive spill-over effects in the services sector, logistics, innovation and enterprise.

Mr Lee added that jobs in this industry are the highest paid within the manufacturing sector and many Singaporeans have built successful careers in the industry.

With the expansion, the Singapore Chemical Plant is now ExxonMobil's largest integrated refining and petrochemical facility in the world.

ExxonMobil said its Singapore Chemical Plant is positioned to serve growth markets from China to the Indian subcontinent and beyond.

ExxonMobil's total investment in Singapore across its various operations amounts to over US$10 billion.

- CNA/fa

ExxonMobil’s largest petrochemical complex unveiled
Government will help to make the industry more competitive and sustainable, Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong says

Wong Wei Han Today Online 8 Jan 14;

SINGAPORE — ExxonMobil today (Jan 8) unveiled its latest expansion at the Singapore Chemical Plant, officially completing a project that more than doubles the plant’s production capacity to meet rising demand in Asia Pacific.

The expansion, which began in November 2007 and ended last month, also made the facility ExxonMobil’s largest integrated petrochemical complex globally, chief executive Rex Tillerson said.

“With this project complete, our regional capacity has been expanded by more than 50 per cent, and we have added production capacity across six product lines,” he said at the opening ceremony at Jurong Island today.

The expansion centres on a new world-scale steam cracker — the plant’s second — and its peripheral units, producing chemicals like ethylene and polyethylene that are crucial for a broad range of manufacturing processes.

And as Asia’s consumer demand soars, the added capacity will position ExxonMobil to tap that growth.

“We expect global chemical demand to grow at a faster pace than GDP ... and two-thirds of that growth in chemical demand will be here in Asia Pacific,” Mr Tillerson said. “This expansion establishes a world-scale integrated platform ... to meet the demand growth across this region.”

Also speaking at the ceremony was Prime Minister Mr Lee Hsien Loong, who complimented ExxonMobil’s role in Singapore’s energy and petrochemical industry.

The sector, which makes up one third of manufacturing here, also empowers various industries along the supply chain while creating rewarding careers for Singaporeans, he added.

ExxonMobil currently hires around 3,300 people in Singapore, including 2,000 at its refinery and chemical plant here.

“We will continue to support the industry. First, we will upgrade Jurong Island … taking a bigger step to make it more competitive and sustainable,” Mr Lee said. “Second, we are also upgrading our software and capabilities, growing our pipeline of science and engineering graduates (and) promoting continuous education and training.”

Singapore will also be committed to helping tackle climate change, working closely with the industry to be more environmentally friendly, the Prime Minister added.

Singapore aims to keep lead in chemicals, energy sectors: PM
Today Online 9 Jan 14;

SINGAPORE — The Government will continue to support the energy and chemicals industry here, ensuring Singapore retains its status as a major global hub for the sectors.

Several initiatives are underway to achieve that goal, including the enhancement of the infrastructure on Jurong Island, Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong said yesterday at the official opening of ExxonMobil’s expanded chemical plant.

Dubbing the programme of initiatives Jurong Island Version 2.0, Mr Lee said a key development is the introduction of alternative feedstock sources such as LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) to increase competitiveness and reduce the costs for the plants here. Another strategy is to use waste heat for water desalination to save energy, he said.

As a feedstock — or raw material — for chemical manufacturing, LPG is gaining popularity as an industry alternative and Singapore needs to make sure it can deliver what companies such as ExxonMobil require.

To ensure Singapore continues to attract new investments, a new LPG terminal will be built on Jurong Island, the Economic Development Board’s Director For Energy and Chemicals Eugene Leong told TODAY.

“The new terminal will allow LPG to be stored and distributed to plants on Jurong Island … We’re in the final stages of discussion and expect to make an announcement in the first quarter this year,” he said.

Other developments on the island include Tuas Power’s Tembusu Multi-Utilities Complex to provide cost-effective utility services for industries and the launch of Jurong Island Terminal last year to reduce dependence on trucking, Mr Leong added.

Besides hardware, Singapore is also keen on upgrading its capabilities through workforce training and research and development.

“A skilled workforce is an important part of this. We’re growing our pipeline of science and engineering graduates ... promoting continuous education and training ... and creating knowledge through research and development,” he said.

“At the same time, we want to assure all the energy and petrochemicals companies in Singapore that the Government stands fully behind them,” Mr Lee added. “Companies like ExxonMobil depend on us to maintain a predictable environment for their investments to succeed.

Home to many petrochemical companies such as BASF, Mitsui Chemicals, Shell and Sumitomo Chemicals, Singapore’s openness, transparency and free trade were key factors in ExxonMobil’s decision to expand its chemical plant here, Chief Executive Rex Tillerson said at the opening ceremony yesterday..

ExxonMobil’s expanded plant is Singapore’s largest manufacturing investment to date. Its chemical plant expansion takes its total investment in Singapore to more than S$10 billion

The multi-billion-dollar investment — which transforms the chemical plant into ExxonMobil’s largest integrated refining and petrochemical complex globally — will allow the American energy giant to double its finished product capacity in Singapore.

Completed in December 2012, the five-year project further enables ExxonMobil to tap Asia’s booming economy and demand for energy and petrochemical products, Mr Tillerson said.

“By the year 2040, the overall economy of Asia is likely to triple in size,” he said. “We expect global chemical demand to grow at a faster pace than gross domestic product as people seek higher standards of living … Two-thirds of that growth in chemical demand will be here in the Asia-Pacific region and the Singapore chemical plant is uniquely positioned to serve these growth markets.”


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Tags reveal leatherback turtle by-catch hotspots

Mark Kinver BBC 8 Jan 14;

A study using satellite data from tagged leatherback turtles has identified possible "by-catch hotspots" in the Pacific Ocean.

By tracking 135 turtles, researchers highlighted areas where the critically endangered animals were likely to come into contact with fishing vessels.

The authors hoped the findings could be used to help cut the number of turtles accidentally killed as by-catch.

The paper appears in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B journal.

The species, scientifically known as Dermochelys coriacea, is globally listed as vulnerable by the International Union for Conservation of Nature's Red List of Threatened Species.

However, conservationists have identified a number of distinct populations in the world's various oceans. Within the Pacific, the two populations - eastern and western - are considered to be critically endangered.

Tagging teamwork

For this study, data was collated from numerous projects between 1992 and 2008, explained lead author John Roe from the University of North California's Pembroke campus.

"To really get an idea about where the leatherbacks go, you have got to have turtles tagged from multiple locations," he said.

"So it took getting just about everyone who has put a satellite tag on a leatherback for other research purposes to collaborate to get a sample size large enough to allow us to answer that question."

Dr Roe and his colleagues from a range of US and Costa Rican institutes then integrated the turtle location data with similar data of where the longline fishing activity in the Pacific Ocean was highest.

"We used that data to overlay with the data of the areas the turtles were using in order to figure out where the turtle hotspots matched with the fisheries hotspots to identify the areas where by-catch was most likely to occur," he told BBC News.

Writing in their paper, the team observed: "For East Pacific nesters, an area of potential risk occurs along the primary leatherback migration corridor between Costa Rica and the Galapagos Islands.

"For the West Pacific population, ...the greatest by-catch was predicted to occur adjacent to nesting beaches in north-west New Guinea."

They added that the analysis represented the largest compilation of data of its kind.

However, Dr Roe said that more tagging data was required in order to establish a more detailed picture.

"We need to target these areas to see if the turtle persistently use these areas over and over again," he said.

"That would provide really useful information in the management of by-catch because the fisheries authorities would have that knowledge and adjust their fishing efforts accordingly."

He added: "We are just trying to highlight some areas to make it easier to look for these needles in a haystack.

"The idea now is to try and get some more refined information in those targeted areas but we now know where and when to look, and where to concentrate our efforts."


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Sun bear sanctuary to save 'forgotten species'

South-east Asia's endangered bears losing habitat to palm oil plantations as poachers target them for their bile and meat
Ami Sedghi theguardian.com 6 Jan 14;

Like a proud dad, Siew Te Wong's office walls and desk are covered in baby pictures, but unlike ordinary infants these possess four-inch claws and a taste for insects and honey. Wong, a leading sun bear researcher, has a heartfelt passion for the world's smallest bear that is as big as the problems facing the species.

The sun bear (Helarctos malayanus) lives in south-east Asia, Sumatra and Borneo and was first listed as "vulnerable" on the IUCN's "red list" of threatened species in 2007. Traffic, the wildlife trade monitoring network, said in 2011 that the sun bear population was suspected to have declined by more than 30% in the past 30 years. Deforestation, uncontrolled exploitation for trade and illegal poaching were named as major causes.

Named sun-bear man by the local Malayan press, Wong is working hard to raise awareness of what he calls the "forgotten bears species". The Bornean Sun Bear Conservation Centre, nestled next door to the Sepilok Orangutang sanctuary in Sabah, Malaysia, is set to be the first of its like in the world. Due to open to the public on 16 January, it will focus on animal welfare, education, research and rehabilitation.

"We need the public, from all levels, to understand the importance of the rainforest," says Wong. "I think education is fundamental because sun bears are still lacking in terms of the conservation work and research. And a lot of that boils down to the fact that people do not know about the species, people do not care about the species."

WWF says that the global demand for palm oil has been a major driver in the level of deforestation seen in Indonesia, while Greenpeace warns that Indonesia is planning for another 4m hectares of pam oil plantations by 2015, in addition to the existing 6m.

When asked about palm oil, which is used in a variety of food products from margarine to biscuits, Wong sighs and says: "Yes, but again, who causes it? You and me. You know, we are responsible." He points to human population growth and the demand it creates for more resources and the destruction of habitat that, in turn, threatens wildlife.

Despite the species being protected by law for decades, Wong thinks more can be done to enforce wildlife law – the maximum penalty is five years in jail or 100,000 ringgit (almost £20,000) or both. "It's always considered not to be a priority," he explains, "so the law is rarely being enforced and sometimes people don't know that it's actually against the law."

He tells stories of encounters with villagers keeping sun bear cubs as pets; "oh, my grandfather used to have two bears, my father used to have one bear, why can I not have one bear?" and shocking use of the bear's paws for food, a dish he tells me that was once considered an Emperor's dish. "If you Google bear paw stew you can actually find recipes on the internet. They teach you how to cook bear paw stew, can you believe that?" he shakes his head incredulously. "It's crazy. Absolutely crazy."

Among the piles of reports on his desk, horror stories of bears squashed into tiny cages, being farmed for their bile, Wong picks up a picture of him in his younger years with a rescued sun bear cub after its mother was killed by poachers. "I just cannot turn a blind eye," he says, glancing at the image. "Even though the number may not be great, it has to be taken care of."

Related link
Bornean Sun Bear Conservation blog


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Geoengineering could bring severe drought to the tropics, research shows

Study models impact on global rainfall when artificial volcanic eruptions are created in a bid to reverse climate change
Damian Carrington theguardian.com 8 Jan 14;

Reversing climate change via huge artificial volcanic eruptions could bring severe droughts to large regions of the tropics, according to new scientific research.

The controversial idea of geoengineering – deliberately changing the Earth's climate – is being seriously discussed as a last-ditch way of avoiding dangerous global warming if efforts to slash greenhouse gas emissions fail.

But the new work shows that a leading contender – pumping sulphate particles into the stratosphere to block sunlight – could have side-effects just as serious as the effects of warming itself. Furthermore, the impacts would be different around the world, raising the prospect of conflicts between nations that might benefit and those suffering more damage.

"There are a lot of issues regarding governance – who controls the thermostat – because the impacts of geoengineering will not be uniform everywhere," said Dr Andrew Charlton-Perez, at the University of Reading and a member of the research team.

The study, published in the journal Environmental Research Letters, is the first to convincingly model what happens to rainfall if sulphates were deployed on a huge scale.

While the computer models showed that big temperature rises could be completely avoided, it also showed cuts in rain of up to one-third in South America, Asia and Africa. The consequent droughts would affect billions of people and also fragile tropical rainforests that act as a major store of carbon. "We would see changes happening so quickly that there would be little time for people to adapt," said Charlton-Perez.

Another member of the research team, Professor Ellie Highwood, said: "On the evidence of this research, stratospheric aerosol geoengineering is not providing world leaders with any easy answers to the problem of climate change."

The study considered what would happen if carbon dioxide levels quadrupled in the atmosphere – the sort of extreme situation in which geoengineering might be seriously considered. Without intervention, temperatures rose by 4C, far above the 2C level considered dangerous by the world's governments.

But the temperature rise was reduced to zero if a massive geoengineering effort took place. The 60m tonnes of sulphur dioxide pumped into the stratosphere each year in the simulation is equivalent to five volcanic eruptions, each on the scale of Mount Pinatubo, the huge 1991 eruption in the Philippines that cut global temperatures by about 0.5C in the following year or two.

The sulphate particles in the model not only reflected incoming sunlight, cutting temperatures, but also absorbed heat rising up from the Earth's surface. This reduced the temperature difference between the lower and upper atmosphere, which is the engine that drives cloud formation and rainfall. The reduction in rainfall seen in the geoengineering model was as big as the increase in rainfall projected if global warming was unabated.

Dr Matthew Watson, a researcher at the University of Bristol and advocate of further research into geoengineering, said: "The researchers chose an extreme climate scenario so we should not be surprised if that, and any geoengineering attempt to counter it, had severe and uneven impacts."

He added: "It remains the case that our only guaranteed way forward is to reduce the record levels of greenhouse gases we continue to pump into the atmosphere. It's vital that scientists continue researching geoengineering; but no government serious about climate change should see it as a quick fix."


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Best of our wild blogs: 7 Jan 14




Dive into the Holidays
from Pulau Hantu

Common Iora nesting
from Bird Ecology Study Group


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Giant tuna from Japan fish auction arrives in Singapore

Wendy Wong Channel NewsAsia 6 Jun 13; Also on Today Online 7 Jun 14;

SINGAPORE: A giant wild tuna valued at S$35,000 was presented during a traditional Japanese fish-cutting ceremony on Monday.

Hiroyuki Yamamoto, head chef at Itacho Sushi, said: "Normally if we sell this tuna, one piece costs S$30. But this time we are selling it at S$10, we’re not thinking of profit, just good experience for Singapore people."

The tuna came from the first ceremonial auction of the year in Tokyo's Tsukiji fish market - the world's largest seafood market - and arrived in Singapore on Monday morning.

The Pacific bluefin weighed 95.4kg and was bought by Hong Kong restaurant chain Itacho Sushi to celebrate the New Year.

It is the second highest quality tuna caught this season, after a 230kg tuna priced at almost S$90,000 (7.36 million yen).

A portion of the tuna was served to the public during the ceremony, and the rest will be distributed to Itacho Sushi outlets in Singapore.

Last year, the winning bid for the top tuna was a record S$1.9 million (154.4 million yen).

- CNA/xq

Bluefin tuna price slumps at Japan auction
Channel NewsAsia 5 Jan 14;

TOKYO: A giant bluefin tuna sold at a Japanese auction on Sunday for less than five percent of the record-breaking sum paid last year amid concerns over soaring prices for the prized delicacy.

The 230-kilogramme bluefin tuna was purchased at the Tsukiji market's first auction of the year for 7.36 million yen (US$70,000), significantly down from the 155.4 million yen paid for a fish of similar quality in 2013 - slipping below 10 million yen for the first time in five years.

Bluefin is usually the most expensive fish available at Tsukiji, the biggest fish and wholesale seafood market in the world.

A piece of "otoro", or the fatty underbelly, can cost up to 2,000 yen at high-end Tokyo restaurants.

The winning bidder, Kiyoshi Kimura, president of the company that runs the popular Sushi-Zanmai chain, said the quality of the fish was as good as last year's, telling reporters: "It's the best."

The price decline was in part due to the greater number of bluefins available from Oma, the northern Japanese city that is a top site for tuna fishing.

But after overheated bidding last year saw prices skyrocket, concerns over excessive inflation saw other bidders stay away from vying with the Sushi-Zanmai chain, which won last year's auction for the record-breaking fish.

"The first auction should be a place to bid for the best-quality tuna, which is thought to be a lucky charm for business," said Makoto Kondo, spokesman for the rival Hong Kong-linked Itamae-Sushi chain.

"But it turned out to be a bidding for the sake of high prices last year."

Decades of overfishing have seen global tuna stocks crash, leading some Western nations to call for a ban on catching endangered Atlantic bluefin tuna.

Japan consumes three-quarters of the global bluefin catch, a highly prized sushi ingredient known in Japan as "kuro maguro" (black tuna) and dubbed by sushi connoisseurs the "black diamond" because of its scarcity.

The growing popularity of Japanese sushi worldwide has also led to increased demand.

- AFP/de

Why bluefin tuna have no 'fair' price
The bluefin tuna auctioned off this weekend in Japan was comparatively 'cheap', but the price can't be used as a yardstick for its conservation status
World on a Plate by Emma Bryce The Guardian 6 Jan 14;

Each January for the last several, we have celebrated the New Year with unlimited excess—not only the gluttonous, gammony kind, but the excess which heralds the year's first auction of a gargantuan bluefin tuna at the Tsukiji Fish Market in Tokyo, Japan. Each time, one fish, whose flesh is prized as an expensive delicacy in sushi restaurants, becomes a symbol of the New Year in this way.

Last January's tuna sold for a record-breaking £1.1 million (155.4 million yen), more than double the price it claimed in 2012, upholding a tradition that has seen that initial coveted bluefin growing increasingly expensive each year.

This past Sunday, everyone braced themselves for yet another mind-bending price surge, expecting the bid to reach far over £1 million. Yet, despite its larger size this time, the 230-kilogram fish sold for the equivalent of only five percent of last year's winning bid, fetching just £43,000 pounds from restaurateur Kiyoshi Kimura. He is the same bidder who won the last two auctions as well.

This year's fish carries the lowest price tag in five years. Some sources speculate this is because of the greater availability of bluefin tuna at another fish market in Japan this year, or due perhaps to other bidders backing out, intimidated by Kimura's formidable reputation at the auction. Either way, as before, this particular price reflects nothing about the conservation status of Pacific bluefin tuna—a population that was found recently to have dropped to less than four percent of its unfished levels—because the auction is too separated from reality to ever function as a yardstick.

Last year, the auction came under critical fire for attaching the excessive price tag to the prize tuna, as conservation groups drew attention to the danger of heightening demand for a creature that is already being overfished. But this latest number, so dramatically lowered, cannot be used to quell fears. The wildly fluctuating price demonstrates only that the auction is subjective and distorted, dictated almost entirely by the bidders' wealth and whims. And even despite this dramatic dip in price, which inches the fish a little closer to its actual market value, conservationists say it cannot begin to reflect the priceless nature of the fish population overall.

So how are we to feel about someone slapping a strip of otoro—the bluefin tuna's most prized belly meat—on a plate and serving it to a few thousand lucky sushi connoisseurs?

"We don't talk about whether you should eat it or not, we talk about whether it's overfished or not," says Sarah Shoffler, fishery biologist and coordinator for the US delegation to the International Scientific Committee for Tuna and Tuna-like Species in the North Pacific Ocean (ISC). This was the organisation that showed in January last year that Pacific bluefin tuna populations have dropped 96.4% from their unfished levels, with a striking 90% of the catch made up of younger, smaller specimens that might not yet have reproduced.

These findings focused the limelight on two international bodies that have the power to regulate the fishery of this species across the Pacific, one of which, called the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission, includes members like the United States, and Japan, the world's largest consumer of Pacific bluefin tuna. Yet the two organizations' 2013 policy response to the ISC's ominous report was weak, says Amanda Nickson, director of Global Tuna Conservation at the Pew Charitable Trusts. "They both failed [last] year to decrease the catch from current levels," she says.

The Pacific bluefin is a highly productive fish. "Spawning females can put out millions of eggs each year," Shoffler says. Currently, scientists have no evidence that this so-called 'recruitment' of new fish generations has reduced. However, there's no doubt that the tuna can be classified as overfished, based on its massive overall population dip. "It's not just that they're catching the small [younger] fish, it's that they're catching so many of them"—and have been doing this for so long—that is a cause for concern, Shoffler explains.

For stocks to improve, Nickson lists an oft-repeated string of solutions. "There should be a scientifically informed catch limit for this species, and there should be a minimum size limit," she says, adding that next on the conservation wish list is the establishment of an initial ten-year recovery plan for Pacific bluefin.

But with the fish auction becoming such a firm annual fixture, all that is hard to imagine. "There is no doubt that the ongoing demand for the bluefin tuna species is a major factor in challenges to managing the fishery," Nickson says. The mechanics of the auctions themselves are also subject to speculation, some reporters saying that they are not open bids, but rather prearranged sales that function more as a form of publicity for the market and the associated restaurants.

And if the auctions are genuine, even this year's price is a dramatically elevated version of economic reality. Andrew David Thaler, a deep-sea biologist who wrote about the tuna auction, calculates that the actual market value of this year's fish would be closer to £5,000.

The conservationist's reality is that no scenario can work. Inflate the price of bluefin tuna several fold, and you risk spurring demand to a threatening extent. Let the cost dip and fluctuate dramatically, and you create the impression that the price of the fish is purely an artefact, disassociated from the true value of depleted wild stocks.

Yet year after year, driven by the value we randomly assign to handsome slabs of meat, the cogs are set in motion. In a way, this year's lowered price tag serves as a test of ethical resolve. We're supposed to grasp that everything about this auction scenario is unrepresentative, detached from the real world, and bizarre—so much so that no one should really be eating this fish.

It's something that few like to hear—especially about the foods we deem so central to our cultural refinement. But no matter how low bidders slip, bluefin tuna can, for now, have no 'fair price' attached to its head.


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Malaysia: 200kg fish sold for RM11,000

Phuah Ken Lin New Straits Times 7 Jan 14;

PRIZE CATCH: Giant grouper bought by restaurant operator in Penang market
GEORGE TOWN: A GIANT grouper caused a stir among traders and customers at the Lebuh Cecil wet market here when it went for sale yesterday.

Onlookers gathered to catch a glimpse of the unique fish. With a length of 2.5m , the 200kg fish was caught in Kedah and brought to the market at 4pm on Sunday.

It was snapped up by seafood restaurant operator Chew Kean Ghee at a price of RM11,000 after bidding ended yesterday.

Fishmonger Jit Budhathoki, 24, said the grouper was the largest he had sold.

"I have never seen such a huge fish while trading here in the past six years.

"In fact, I wanted to keep the fish longer but the deal offered by the seafood restaurant operator was too good to turn down."

Jit said he and his colleagues took more than an hour to cut the fish into pieces before delivering it to the buyer.

'Fish may become endangered soon'
New Straits Times 8 Jan 14;

GEORGE TOWN: The fishermen who caught the giant kerapu should consider themselves lucky since large groupers usually stayed close to the seabed, says Universiti Sains Malaysia marine biologist Associate Professor Dr Aileen Tan Shau-Hwai.

Describing the fishermen's catch as a case of the "one that did not get away", she said the large grouper, or epinephelus lanceolatus, had been over-fished. The giant kerapu used to be common in the Straits of Malacca, with most of it hiding under rocks on the seabed.

"The one that was caught might have been unlucky, as it usually does not venture out of its comfort zone.

"Trawlers fishing in the area might have swept across the seabed and dragged the poor grouper," she said on last Sunday's 200kg catch in waters near the Kedah-Penang border.

She said going by the size and weight of the fish, she estimated it to be about 60 years old. Tan said the population of giant groupers had declined and would most likely become endangered soon.

"The International Union for Conservation of Nature has classified the giant grouper as 'vulnerable', which means it is likely to become endangered."

She also dismissed claims that the frequent encounter of the fish were related to bad omen or imminent natural disasters, including tsunami or earthquakes.

"It is not a sign of climate change either. It so happened that the fish had roamed out of its territory and got caught.

"I have dived in many parts of Malaysia. When you dive deep, you do find them at the bottom, hidden under the rocks," she said, adding that the large grouper's behaviour was similar to its smaller cousin, the common kerapu.

Tan hoped in the future, fishermen would release any large grouper that they caught for conservation purposes.

"Giant groupers are spawners. Due to their age and size, they can produce more eggs and this will ensure survival of the species."

Singaporeans and HK folk rush in for huge grouper in noodle soup
Arnold Loh The Star 8 Jan 14;

GEORGE TOWN: A Hong Kong businessman flew to Penang when told that the massive 200kg grouper caught near here would be served as noodle soup.

“I took the first available flight out of Hong Kong after receiving a text message about the catch, and arrived late Monday night,” said Johnson Chan, 67.

“Every time this eatery gets a large fish, I will be on the first available flight here,” said Chan after he had indulged on his “extra special” large bowl of fish head bee hoon soup.

Chan, who manufactures printed circuit boards in Hong Kong, was among the 500 early birds yesterday at the renowned Chew Jetty Ka Bee Cafe in Weld Quay, which paid RM11,000 for the fish caught on Monday.

The head alone tipped the scale at 60kg. The belly weighed 15kg, the liver, 17kg, and the massive swim bladder weighed 18kg.

Five men took three hours to scale, gut and cut the 200kg grouper down to manageable pieces. It took another 12 hours to turn it into the main component for fish head noodles.

Cafe proprietor Chew Kean Ghee, 41, said eating a 200kg fish was more than just a novelty and described it as “a rare chance to sample a grouper this large”.

“The belly, liver and maw of this fish are rare delicacies.

“I pressure cook the belly for three and a half hours to create a springy texture that rivals that of the sea cucumber. The liver, deep-fried, has a unique, sweet taste,” said Chew, who he has the phone numbers of over 300 regular customers in his cellphone.

Whenever he acquires a rare specimen, he flashes everyone a text message.

“Many Singaporeans have already made reservations and some have specific requests for choice parts such as the lips or the belly.

“I keep good relations with fishmongers and try to buy every big fish they have,” he said, adding that he gets about 20 big fish a year, weighing at least 50kg each.

Another recipient of Chew’s text message was state executive councillor Chow Kon Yeow, who promptly showed up with his friends for lunch.

“When I saw the front page photo of the fish in The Star, I couldn’t resist. Penang is the land of great food and this fish head bee hoon tops it,” said Chow.

Chew’s regular servings cost RM15 for a bowl with only fish fillet, and RM20 for added deep-fried fish head chunks.

Those who want to be on the “invite list” for the next big catch can message Chew at 012-465 2744.


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