Malaysia: Multinational drive against poaching

THARANYA ARUMUGAM New Straits Times 11 Sep 16;

KUALA LUMPUR: THE government will join forces with other countries to put an end to wildlife poaching and smuggling.

Natural Resources and Environment Minister Datuk Seri Dr Wan Junaidi Tuanku Jaafar said the authorities would beef up intelligence gathering and enhance multi-agency cooperation in their fight against the illegal ivory trade and other smuggling activities.

“As a member of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (Cites) Management Authority, we are aware of what comes in and out of the country.

“We support efforts to combat illegal wildlife trafficking, especially ivory trade,” he told the New Sunday Times yesterday.
Wan Junaidi said ivory smugglers had made Malaysia one of its transit countries.

Statistics from the Wildlife and National Parks Department (Perhilitan) revealed that there had been 30 cases of seizures since 2011 (four cases in 2011, two in 2012, four in 2013, two in 2014, eight cases last year and 10 cases so far this year).

Wan Junaidi said most of the seizures were carried out by the Customs Department as its personnel were the frontliners at the country’s entry and exit points.

He said the ministry would seek assistance from police, army and Customs to address the issue.

“Malaysia is one of the world’s transit countries for illegal ivory trade, with its ports serving as a major gateway between Africa and Asia.

“We will enhance our intelligence capability and work with enforcement agencies to gather more information on the modus operandi of smugglers.

“We need to identify source countries, nab culprits and trace the sender and receiver of the illegal goods.”

Wan Junaidi said he would call for a meeting soon with the Customs Department and other agencies.

On measures taken by Perhilitan, he said 9.55 tonnes of confiscated ivory were destroyed on April 14 to send a message to smugglers that Malaysia did not tolerate the illegal ivory trade.

“Working with University of Washington’s Centre for Conservation Biology, Perhilitan has conducted forensic sampling to determine the origin of the seized ivory.

“We have established a wildlife forensic laboratory in our collaboration with the University of Washington and TRACE Wildlife Enforcement Network to identify organised crime related to large ivory seizures.

“We drafted and submitted the National Ivory Action Plan for Malaysia in 2013 as required by Cites, which is being implemented.”

Wan Junaidi said as border security was not under Perhilitan’s control, it would help the authorities to prevent wildlife smuggling activities.
He said Malaysia had emphasised the need for more resources, technical capacity (such as supporting forensic technology) and intelligence-sharing among National Information Assurance Partnership countries.

On Thursday, TRAFFIC, a wildlife trade monitoring network had revealed that Malaysia-linked seizures involved the import, export and re-export of ivory from at least 23 countries and territories worldwide.

The high volume of ivory flowing through Malaysia’s ports had flagged it as a country of concern on a global level.

TRAFFIC said getting tough on traffickers should be a priority of national enforcement agencies.

TRAFFIC’s analysis showed that ivory seizure records from January, 2003 to May 2014 linked Malaysia to 66 confiscations worldwide totalling 63,419kg.
Its analysis revealed that only 19 of the seizures were made in Malaysia, and the remaining 47 occurred outside the country, mostly after shipments had passed undetected through Malaysia’s ports.

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Indonesia: Satellites detect 37 hotspots across Sumatra Island

Antara 11 Sep 16;

Pekanbaru, Riau (ANTARA News) - The Terra and Aqua satellites of NASA detected 37 hotspots in five provinces across Sumatra Island on Sunday.

The number of hotspots increased significantly from only three on Saturday, Slamet Riyadi, spokesman of the Pakanbaru meteorology station, said.

Of the 37 hotspots, 25 were found in Bangka Belitung, six in South Sumatra, three in Lampung, two in Bengkulu, and one in Riau.

In Riau, the one hostpot was detected in Kampar District and it was not developed into a fire, he remarked.

The government has claimed that the number of forest fire cases had drastically dropped by 78 percent until August this year, compared to last year.

President Joko Widodo (Jokowi) had earlier instructed that action must not be delayed to put an end to fires when they were still easier to control.

The order was given to prevent a recurrence of the 2015 land and forest fires that had produced smoke chocking hundreds of thousands of Sumatran and Kalimatan inhabitants, and spreading up to Malaysia and Singapore.

The legal enforcement has also been stepped up to prevent fires intentionally set in farmland and plantation areas particularly.(*)

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Indonesia: Attempt to trade 11 protected animals foiled

Andi Hajramurni The Jakarta Post 11 Sep 16;

The South Sulawesi Police have confiscated 11 protected animals, two of which are imported peregrine falcons from the United Arab Emirates (UAE), suspected to have been illegally traded.

The nine other animals consist of eight hornbills and one Sulawesi hawk-eagle. Two of the hornbills were found dead.

The animals were confiscated from Muhammad Nurhidayat, 22, a resident of the Bumi Tamalanrea Permai residential complex in Makassar, in a raid on Thursday evening.

Adj. Sr. Comr. Kadarislam, head of the environmental resources division at the police’s special crimes investigation directorate, said the case was uncovered after the police received information from a resident concerned about the animals.

“After observing the site for several days, we found 11 protected animals, including eight hornbills. Unfortunately, two of the hornbills were already dead,” he said on Friday.

Kadarislam said Nurhidayat, who has been named a suspect, claimed he bought the hornbills and Sulawesi hawk-eagle from Pasangkayu, North Mamuju regency, West Sulawesi, paying Rp 550,000 (US$42) for each of the animals.

Nurhidayat also claimed he bought the peregrine falcons online. “The suspect said he bought the peregrine falcons from the UAE for $1,200 each. He said the animals were delivered via an air-shipping service. The falcons were anaesthetized during the delivery,” said Kadarislam.

It is suspected the animals would have been sold online. The suspect, however, has denied this, claiming he is simply a bird lover who wanted to collect the animals.

Kadarislam said the suspect was found to have traded in protected animals since December last year. (ebf)

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Indonesia: Rafflesia, corpse flowers included in conservation document

Theresia Sufa The Jakarta Post 11 Sep 16;

The parasitic flowering plant Rafflesia and a giant flower locally known as bunga bangkai (corpse flower) have become the first two plants to be included in the government’s Conservation Strategy and Action Plan (SRAK).

Experts have praised the inclusion of the two Sumatran plant species in the SRAK, given their tenuous existence in their natural habitats.

Sofi Mursidawati, a Rafflesia researcher from the Bogor Botanical Gardens, said all types of Rafflesia and corpse flowers had now been included in a 2015 regulation issued by the environment and forestry minister. It is hoped this inclusion will ensure their conservation and protection.

She said around 100 plant species in Indonesia were threatened with extinction and 75 percent of that total needed to be conserved in botanical parks. Among the critically endangered plants that must be immediately conserved include rattan manau, or Calamus manan canes, Rafflesia and corpse flowers – all of which are native to Sumatra.

“We will first focus our attention on conserving Rafflesia and corpse flowers because of the declining number of their population due to human development,” Sofi said on Friday.

Environment and Forestry Minister Siti Nurbaya signed the SRAK, jointly developed by the ministry and the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), at the beginning of this year. Initially, the SRAK was established for the conservation of endangered animals only, such as orangutans, tigers and rhinos. (ebf)

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Indonesia: Raja Ampat, home to more than 300 bird species

Otniel Tamindael Antara 11 Sep 16;

Jakarta (ANTARA News) - Besides known as an object of beautiful marine tourism, the Raja Ampat Islands District in the Indonesian province of West Papua also holds the potential wealth of outstanding land with more than 300 species of birds in its forests.

Having more than 1500 large and small islands with many of them under protecting status, Raja Ampat is famous for its unique biodiversity of both flora and fauna.

Raja Ampat, also dubbed as the "last paradise on earth," is home to a variety of unique plants and animals of amphibians, reptiles, mammals, and hundreds of bird species such as the famous birds of paradise and the flightless cassowary.

The islands of Waigeo, Misol, Kofiau, Batanta, and Salawati are some of the more than 1500 islands in Raja Ampat that are rich in biodiversity of birds.

Raja Ampat District Head Abdul Faris Umlati has stated that the Flora and Fauna International (FFI) has recorded 173 bird species

in Waigeo island, 141 species in Misol islands, and more than 50 species in Kofian island.

Thus, in these three islands of Raja Ampat, more than 300 birds species have been recorded, of which, 94 including 11 endemic ones are protected.

Based on a research conducted in West Waigeo Nature Reserve, there are 27 mammal species including including bandikut (Echymipera kalubu), spotted cuscus (Phalanger maculatus), striped opossum (Dactylopsila trivirgata), bats and the tree rats.

The survey in South Misool Nature Reserve recorded 159 bird species including 4 birds of paradise and 5 bat species, and numerous protected rare birds.

There are yellow-crested white cockatoo bird (Cacatua galerita), forest kingfisher (Halcyon macleayii), julang Irian (Aceros plicatus), king parrots (Probosciger aterrimus), parrots (Eclectus roratus), red-black-headed parrot (Eclectus roratus lory), Mambruk Viktoria (Goura victoria), cassowaries, Paradisaea sp., and maleo (maleo Magrocephalus).

Once the visitors arrive in the forest of Raja Ampat, they will be greeted by these lovely birds with their lovely songs found and heard nowhere else around the world.

Also, delicately tinted wild flowers perfuming the air, along with the lofty trees of the forest with their rich foliage of living green, are found around for visitors to enjoy.

In just a moment, the lofty, trees, the buds, the flowers, and its surrounding beauty can speak to the hearts of visitors and invite them to become acquainted with Him who made them all.

There, the visitors will be amazed by the trees, the buds, the flowers, and the birds of the air as they warbled their carols of praise, unencumbered with thought of care.

Further, the hospitality of the local residents will cause the tourists visiting Raja Ampat to be amazed and curious to explore the extent to which the area is rich in both natural and marine beauty.

The abundance of undersea and land biological diversity is so stunning and has also made Raja Ampat archipelago a paradise for eco-tourism activities.

With average sea temperatures from 22 to -30 degree Celsius, the waters of Raja Ampat has approximately 603 hard coral species, representing 75 percent of total coral reefs in the world.

Based on various studies by the world natural conservation agencies like Conservation International and Nature Conservancy, Raja Ampat waters are estimated to have 1397 fish species. It is not mistaken that the waters of Raja Ampat is also called "Capital for Fish in the World".

Besides fish species in the marine waters of Raja Ampat archipelago, there are also 60 crayfish, 699 types of soft animals (species of mollusks) consisting 530 snails (Gastropoda), 159 shells (bivalva), 2 Scaphopoda, 5 squid ( Cephalopoda) and 3 Chiton.

Known as the most bio-diverse marine habitat on earth, the Indonesian archipelago of Raja Ampat is an ideal destination for both local and foreign tourists to relax and unwind.

The visitors to Raja Ampat will have the opportunity to witness a multitude of marine habitats and coral reefs in one glance without having to swim a stroke.

Raja Ampat comprises four large islands and hundreds of dots and specks off the fragmented western corner of the land of Papua, the worlds second-largest island.

Most visitors arrive in Raja Ampat through Sorong, a city on the far west coast of Papua, which has an airport, army barracks, and a karaoke bar called Happy Puppy.

In less than two hours from Sorong, the visitors can reach Raja Ampat, where they can indulge in activities, such as swimming, diving, and snorkeling, or just relax.

Reaching Raja Ampat has now become easier as the Bahari Express fast boat, a public transportation service, is offering rides to foreign tourists from Sorong city to visit the tourist attractions there.

In Raja Ampat, the tourists can enjoy not only the beautiful marine biodiversity but also the scenic beaches and gain local insights into the history of Raja Ampat.

In terms of historic relevance, in the 15th century, the Raja Ampat Archipelago was part of the reign of Tidore Sultanate, a great kingdom centered in Maluku Islands.

To run its government, the Sultanate of Tidore appointed four local kings to rule the islands of Waigeo, Batanta, Salawati, and Misool, which are the fourth-largest until this day.(*)

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Indonesia: Preserving biodiversity for a prosperous Papua

Fardah Antara 11 Sep 16;

Jakarta (ANTARA News) - The Agirway dancers of Papua performed the exquisite Ballads of Cendrawasih (Birds of Paradise) dance, marking the opening of an International Conference on Biodiversity, Eco-Tourism and Creative Economy (ICBE), and showcasing Papuas famed biodiversity.

Indonesias easternmost island of Papua is, in fact, often referred to as the last remaining fortress of the worlds biodiversity.

Held under the theme of "Biodiversity and Ecotourism, Papua Economic Solutions", a number of countries and international institutions participated in the conference held in Jayapura from September 7-10.

Discussions also revolved around the sub theme of "Utilize Natural Resources, Increase Livelihood, Protect the Golden Generation of Papua."

An exhibition featuring 60 stands, and screening of 20 short films on Papuas culture and environment marked the conference.

The gala opening ceremony was attended by Norwegian Ambassador to Indonesia Stig Traavik and diplomats from the United States, the European Union, the United Kingdom, Australia, South Africa, the Netherlands, and Papua New Guinea, among others.

Voicing high expectations, Papua Governor Lukas Enembe hoped the ICBE would boost the efforts to set up biodiversity parks and cultural parks to preserve the environment, particularly protect bird of Paradise, Papuas iconic bird.

Birds of Paradise, locally called birds of Cenderawasih, are the pride of Indonesia, particularly of Papua, whose forest is home to these birds, considered among the most beautiful in the world.

The birds of Paradise are endangered not just on account of poachers, but also because visitors seek dead and preserved ones as souvenirs.

The governor believed that preserving environment is crucial for the prosperity of Papua's indigenous people to help pull them out of backwardness and a life of poverty, ignorance and isolation.

Papuas range of biodiversity encompasses half of Indonesias mega biodiversity, particularly the endemic flora and fauna that are only found on this island.

The island, comprising West Papua and Papua Provinces, is home to some 250 tribes that retain ancient cultural traditions, and over 250 indigenous languages and dialects.

Home to the worlds remaining virgin tropical rainforests with vast biological diversity, the island is also endowed with endemic fauna such as possums, wallabies, tree-kangaroos, and endangered Long-beaked Echidna. It also has the worlds longest lizards and largest butterflies.

Its biodiversity includes 15 thousand to 20 thousand plant species (55 percent endemic), two thousand species of orchids, 602 species of birds (52 percent endemic), and 125 species of mammals (58 percent endemic), in addition to 223 species of reptiles and amphibians (35 percent endemic), 25 species of freshwater fish and 1,200 species of marine fish, as well as an estimated 150 thousand species of insects, according to the 2013 data of Papua Ecology.

Large parts of the equatorial glacier fields in the highlands remain substantially unexplored. Protected areas within Papua province include the Lorentz National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and the Wasur National Park, a RAMSAR wetland of international importance.

The Papua provincial administration hoped that events such as the ICBE will inspire Papua to realize a vision of prosperity, and enable it to pursue sustainable and high quality development programs.

The conference played an important role in propagating Papua as a region rich in natural resources, onshore and offshore, that must be developed in a sustainable fashion.

The governor underlined that with the support of the visionary people of Papua who have entrepreneurship skills in biodiversity, eco-tourism and creative economy, Papua and West Papua would be able to grow fast.

The provincial administration of Papua is observing 2016 as the year of investments, he recalled.

"Therefore, through this conference, I call upon all of us to work together, hand in hand, for the welfare of Papua," he exhorted.

The conference's recommendations will be crucial to Indonesias efforts to preserve its easternmost islands environment. The agreements reached during the meeting are also expected to support environmental preservation, not only in Papua or Indonesia but even globally.

Enembe remarked that the Norwegian ambassador, in cooperation with the United Nations, will assist in supervising the export of timber products from Papua to ensure these are not sourced from illegal logging activities, he noted.

In the field of tourism, Papua is particularly trying to lure tourists from Southeast Asian nations to visit the country's largest island. One of its tourist attractions is the Baliem Valley Cultural Festival that celebrates fertility and welfare of the tribal people.

The Baliem Valley is located in the central mountains of Papua. The valley, once dubbed as "Shangrila," is incredibly lush and fertile, with 2.5 thousand to three thousand meters high towering peaks surrounding it on all sides.

The Baliem Valley Festival, organized annually since 1989, is usually held in August.(*)

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Thailand finds 21 new cases of Zika in Bangkok, including pregnant woman

Channel NewsAsia 11 Sep 16;

BANGKOK: Twenty-one new cases of locally-transmitted Zika virus have been confirmed in central Bangkok, including a pregnant woman who later gave birth with no complications, Thailand's public health ministry said on Sunday (Sep 11).

Residents in the Thai capital were urged not to be alarmed after the cases were confirmed in the Sathorn area of the city, an up-market neighbourhood popular with the city's expatriate community and part of the capital's business district.

"Of the 21 cases confirmed in the Sathorn area there was one pregnant woman who recovered and gave birth successfully," Ministry of Public Health spokesman Suwannachai Wattanayingcharoenchai told Reuters by telephone.

"Mother and newborn are safe," he said, adding that the pregnant woman's husband had recently returned from Singapore.

Thailand first recorded the Zika virus in 2012 and the Bangkok Metropolitan Authority conducts regular testing for the virus.

The new Thai cases follow confirmation from Malaysia on Wednesday of its first case of the Zika virus in a pregnant woman, a 27-year-old living in a southern city next to Singapore.

Singapore reported its first locally infected Zika patient on Aug 27 and since then, the number of reported infections has swelled to more than 300.

Zika infections in pregnant women have been shown to cause microcephaly, a severe birth defect in which the head and brain are undersized, besides other brain abnormalities.

Suwannachai said that 30 pregnant women with Zika were being monitored in Thailand. So far, six of the women had given birth without complications or any birth defects.

Sixteen out of Thailand's 76 provinces have confirmed cases of Zika since January this year, according to the health ministry, but no birth defects or deaths have been reported.

"There have been no deaths or complications so far, so I urge our brothers and sisters not to be alarmed," said Suwannachai.

Although microcephaly is typically detected during ultrasounds in the late second and early third trimester of pregnancy, it can be detected as early as 18-20 weeks gestation, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

(Reporting by Amy Sawitta Lefevre; Editing by Richard Pullin)

- Reuters/mz

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Australia: Video shows Agincourt Reef off Port Douglas thriving

Alicia Nally, The Cairns Post 12 Sep 16;

A NEW video has shown one of the Far North’s most popular reefs has almost fully recovered from what was described as the worst coral bleaching event in recent history.

Quicksilver Group’s environment and compliance manager and marine biologist Doug Baird said coral on Agincourt Reef number 3 was “well in the process recovery” from a bleaching event six months ago.

“It was a very robust reef going into the bleaching event. It was healthy, the water quality was good out here,” he said.

“In fact, it was the best managed reef system anywhere on the planet. This builds up resilience of the reef which gives it that opportunity­ under these natural events to actually cope and recover.”

Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority tourism and stewardship director Dr Roger Beeden said he was aware of reports Agincourt Reef coral was recovering. He said in-water surveys in October would enable scientists to closely assess recovery and survival rates across the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park.

“The extent of recovery for heat-affected corals will vary across the marine park, and will largely depend on how stressed the corals were locally.

“On the most resilient reefs and in ideal circumstances, bleached corals can regain their colour within a period of weeks to months once water temperatures return to normal. However, corals experiencing chronic poor water quality or other stressors are unlikely to recover within these short time frames and recovery will be impeded.”

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Hungry for power, Myanmar bets on hydro in new energy plan

Channel NewsAsia 12 Sep 16;

YANGON: Electricity-starved Myanmar is looking to overhaul its long-term power strategy, aiming to hike the planned share of hydropower in its energy mix at the cost of polluting coal as it tries to attract foreign investment.

The new democratically-elected government of Aung San Suu Kyi has made job creation one of its top priorities in what is Asia's sixth-poorest country. However, with half of its people without access to electricity and major cities experiencing blackouts, finding investors is tough. Even tougher is getting them to back coal-fired plants given environmental concerns.

Myanmar's initial plan was to boost coal's share to a third by the end of the next decade from just 3 percent now and to slash the contribution of hydro to 38 percent from 63 percent, according to the plan shown to Reuters by officials at the Ministry of Electricity and Energy.

But most people are "reluctant to implement coal-fired power plants, that's why we won't be able to implement the planned coal power plant projects," said Aung Ko Ko, director of hydro and renewable energy planning branch at the ministry.

"Hopefully hydropower will be the majority in the new plan," he said, estimating its share at 50-55 percent by 2030-31. Imports of liquefied natural gas (LNG) could make up for some of the drop in coal use, Aung Ko Ko added.

Nine key ministries, including energy, industry and mining, have met in the capital of Naypyitaw to coordinate their energy strategy with the aim to have a draft master plan ready by the end of the month, and under scrutiny are 49 hydropower projects approved by the previous government.

Myanmar is reviewing these to see how quickly - if at all -they can be completed, how many more would be needed and how to secure funds, as it seeks to boost its power capacity to make the most of an unprecedented economic revival after 49 years of military rule that ended in 2011 and to sustain an economic growth rate of about 8 percent - one of the world's fastest.

"The new government realizes these projects should be prioritised. She (Suu Kyi) allowed us to talk with potential international lending facilities like the ADB," a senior official at the department of hydropower implementation of the Ministry of Electricity and Energy said, referring to the Japan and U.S.-led Asia Development Bank.

Several dams and power plants in Myanmar have until 2011 been financed by China and, while the West has since shown eagerness to provide financing for electricity projects in the country in a bid to increase its influence there, experts say shifting away from Beijing will not be easy.

LIST OF 49

Of the projects under review, some 31 include Chinese investment and involve 11 Chinese companies. It lists names such as Beijing-based conglomerate Hanergy Holding Group Ltd and state-owned CPI Yunnan International Power Investment Co that is behind the controversial US$3.6-billion Myitsone megadam project.

The 2011 cancellation of the Myitsone remains a sore point between the two countries. Myanmar suspended the project citing environmental worries, but the decision was also seen as an attempt to distance itself from Beijing, an uncertainty that has stymied subsequent investment decisions.

China has been asking to restart Myitsone, and finding a solution is crucial for Suu Kyi as she needs China's help in talks with ethnic minority armed groups, many of whom operate on the border between the two countries. A resolution could also help unlock more Chinese funds.

"In my opinion, the developers of these projects (on the list) cannot get loans from Chinese banks because of the problems with Myitsone," said the energy ministry official at the department of hydropower implementation.

Five projects on the list that are sponsored from Myanmar's budget have faced delays because the country does not have enough money to finance them, the official said. Seven others are being built by local firms. The rest will need to be financed by cooperation with foreign investors.

For some of the long-stalled hydropower projects, Myanmar may open fresh tenders and seek loans from international lending facilities, the official said, adding that the World Bank and ADB, among others, were interested in supporting electricity and energy projects in the country.

The private-sector lending arm of the World Bank, the International Finance Corporation (IFC), is reluctant to finance coal projects because of environmental concerns, said Vikram Kumar, who heads the IFC's operation in Myanmar.

As of now, power consumption in Myanmar is one of the lowest in the world. Its per capita use averaged 164 kilowatt hour in 2013, according to the World Bank, the 11th lowest in the world and roughly on par with Sudan and Togo.

"We need investment from abroad ... so many factors, so many risks, so many transactional challenges faced by the foreign investor - JICA (Japan International Cooperation Agency), IFC, World Bank and ADB have asked the government how to optimize and overcome these challenges," said Aung Ko Ko.

"But the government is very new and they need time to optimize the power sector development."

(Additional reporting by Yimou Lee and Aung Hla Tun; Editing by Himani Sarkar)

- Reuters

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Best of our wild blogs: 11 Sep 16

Butterfly of the Month - September 2016
Butterflies of Singapore

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Saving a planet under attack

THOMAS FRIEDMAN Today Online 8 Sep 16;

Robert Macfarlane, in his book Landmarks, about the connection between words and landscapes, tells a revealing but stunning story about how recent editions of the Oxford Junior Dictionary (aimed at seven-year-olds) dropped certain “nature words” that its editors deemed less relevant to the lives of modern children.

These included “acorn”, “dandelion”, “fern”, “nectar”, “otter”, “pasture” and “willow”. The terms introduced in their place, he noted, included “broadband”, “blog”, “cut-and-paste”, “MP3 player” and “voice-mail”.

While this news was first disclosed in 2015, reading it in Mr Macfarlane’s book still shocks me for what it signifies. But who can blame the Oxford editors for dumping Amazon words for Amazon.com ones?

Our natural world is rapidly disappearing. Just how fast was the major topic here last week at the global conference held every four years by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), which I participated in along with some 8,000 scientists, nature reserve specialists and environmentalists.

The dominant theme running through the IUCN’s seminars was the fact that we are bumping up against and piercing planetary boundaries — on forests, oceans, ice melt, species extinctions and temperature — from which Mother Nature will not be able to recover. When the coral and elephants are all gone, no 3D printer will be able to recreate them.

In short, we and our kids are rapidly becoming the Noah generation, charged with saving the last pairs. (This is no time to be electing a climate-change denier such as Mr Donald Trump for President.)

The renowned oceanographer Sylvia Earle put it well to a sustainability conference hosted in the United States by the East-West Center alongside the IUCN meetings. In her lifetime, she said, she has felt as if she has been “witness to the greatest era of discovery and the greatest era of loss” in our planet’s history.

So now, she said, “We are at a crossroads. What we do right now or fail to do will determine the future — not just for us, but for all life on Earth”.

Those really are the stakes — there is a reason nature words are being removed from children’s dictionaries.

Last week, for instance, The New York Times reported on a study that revealed how “the African elephant population is in drastic decline, having shrunk about 30 per cent from 2007 to 2014. ... The deterioration is accelerating: Largely because of poaching, the population is dropping 8 per cent a year, according to the Great Elephant Census. ... Patricia Awori, an official with the African Elephant Coalition, said, ‘These numbers are shocking’.”

Ok, so you do not care that your kids may never see an elephant in the wild, only in a zoo. That is not all. The species extinction rate is now about “1,000 times faster than before the global spread of humanity”, explained the great biodiversity expert E O Wilson, another speaker at the event.

“Half of the species described today will be gone by the end of the century, unless we take drastic action.”

These species, he noted, evolved over 3.5 billion years “to create an exquisite and careful balance of interconnected resilience”. These plants and animals, and their ecosystems, sustain the foundations of life on which we depend.

When we lose the trees that maintain watersheds, the coastal mangroves that protect against storm surges, the glaciers that store fresh water and the coral reefs that feed fish, we humans become less resilient. Indeed, strip them all away, said Dr Wilson, “and the world as we know it will unravel”.

The magazine, Discover, just noted that we have been tracking the average temperature over global land and ocean surfaces since 1880 — or for 1,639 months. Due to global warming, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration reported that July 2016 was the hottest “of all 1,639 months on record”.

That is why actress Alison Sudol, an IUCN goodwill ambassador, opened the plenary by observing that our planet is now “under attack”.

“Our vast oceans, full of mysteries and wonders, are thick with plastic and mercury,” she noted. “Rainforests — abundant sources of oxygen and medicine; land of ancient lore and tradition; home to thousands of species of wildlife, many as yet unknown to us — are being ploughed down before we have a chance to properly discover what it is we are losing.

“These are the lungs of the Earth, the oceans and the forests, and we are destroying them. Deeply, desperately, we are hoping someone will do something before it is too late. That someone we are hoping for is you.”

So do we have a plan? Dr Wilson has one — a big, audacious plan. It’s the title of his latest book Half-Earth, a call to action to commit half of the planet’s surface — land and oceans — to protected zones.

Right now, the IUCN says, close to 15 per cent of the Earth’s land and 10 per cent of its territorial waters are covered by national parks and protected areas. If we protect half the global surface, Dr Wilson argues, the fraction of species protected will be about 85 per cent, which would keep life on Earth, including the human species, in a safe zone.

Naive, you say? Not so. Naive is thinking we humans will survive without the healthy natural systems that got us here. Naivete is the new realism — or else we, the human species, will become just another bad biological experiment. THE NEW YORK TIMES

ABOUT THE AUTHOR:

Thomas Friedman is a Pulitzer Prize-winning columnist at The New York Times.

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Indonesia: Bank Mandiri Denies Link to Companies Blamed for Forest Fires

Dion Bisara & Ratri M. Siniwi Jakarta Globe 10 Sep 16;

Jakarta. Bank Mandiri, Indonesia’s largest lender by assets, has reiterated its support for good corporate governance and environment conservation, in response to a report that claimed it is one of the largest financiers for companies linked to forest degradation in Southeast Asia.

According to the "Forest & Finance" report from Rainforest Action Network, Bank Mandiri disbursed more than $1 billion in loan or underwriting for clients which have been accused of destroying forests in Indonesia, including the Rajawali Group, Salim Group and Sampoerna Agro, between 2010 and 2015.

Bank Mandiri corporate secretary Rohan Hafas, however, said that Bank Mandiri had always set stringent requirements for their clients, scrutinizing administrative legality and good corporate governance of each prospective client.

"We would only finance corporations that have met our requirements and licensing regulations," Rohan said in a text message to The Jakarta Globe on Friday (09/09).

"We only give loans to plantation firms that have met all the requirements and permits as demanded by the relevant authorities, such as environmental impact assessment (Amdal) and other related permits," Rohan said.

According to Rohan, the bank is fully aware of sensitive environmental issues — one of the major risks in their financial portfolio. "Legality is always a major concern before we decide to disburse a loan," he said.

Adelaide Glover, report program coordinator and researcher at Rainforest Action Network (RAN), said while Mandiri may have enviromentally-friendly policies, the lender had failed to be more transparent regarding the issue.

One of Bank Mandiri clients, Sampoerna Agro, was found guilty of neglect last month in relation to forest fires on a 3,000-hectare concession land in Riau in 2014. The company was ordered to pay more than Rp 1 trillion in fines, the largest ever handed down for causing a forest fire in Indonesia. A report showed Bank Mandiri disbursed a total of $22 million in loans to Sampoerna Agro in 2010 and 2012.

"We looked at Mandiri's publicly available information on [environmental, social and governance] risks and found no information that answers satisfactorily our set of 15 questions [on policy assessment]," Glover said.

The assessments include finding out whether the bank has a publicly available forestry sector-specific safeguard policy, whether it requires clients to undergo regular independent assessment and whether such safeguard policy is applied to all clients within the same business group.

RAN said it will correct its report should the lender identifies errors in the assessment.

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