Terumbu Hantu is alive!
wild shores of singapore
Oil stains, sheen and blobs around Pulau Hantu
wild shores of singapore
Dwarf or Mangrove Whipray (Himantura walga) @ Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve
Monday Morgue
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Best of our wild blogs: 1 May 17
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Saving our ocean’s fish stocks, one plate of nasi lemak at a time
By 2048, our grandchildren may never eat freshly caught fish from the ocean again. Talking Point’s “In Hot Water” special finds out how Singapore is trying to sustain its burgeoning appetite for seafood.
Desmond Ng Channel NewsAsia 30 Apr 17;
SINGAPORE: As you tuck into a plate of nasi lemak from Mizzy’s Corner stall at Changi Village hawker centre, you might notice that the typical nasi lemak fish, the ikan kuning, is missing.
The reason: They are hoping to help save this species, otherwise known as the yellow-banded scad, from extinction.
Instead the fish, which is on the World Wide Fund for Nature’s (WWF) red list of threatened ocean species, has been substituted with Indian mackerel – which, while not free from the threat of extinction, is less at risk.
Stall’s owner Mizrea Abu Nazir said: “I guess it’s a stereotype that when you have nasi lemak, it has to come with ikan kuning.
“The price of both is about the same per carton, but because kembong (Indian mackerel) is bigger, I get fewer. So I have to increase the price by about S$1, but I have not received any complaints from customers - they are still enjoying it.”
She added: “I’m all for being green. If it saves the fish, if it saves the world, why not?”
Talking Point, a current affairs show on Mediacorp Channel 5, explored how some Singapore firms like Mizzy’s Corner are moving towards sustainability, with global supplies of currently-fished species predicted to collapse by 2048. This would mean that means our grandchildren might never eat fish caught from the ocean again, if predictions prove correct.
Singaporeans are one of the biggest consumers of seafood in the world per capita – consuming about 22kg of seafood per person yearly, more than the global average of 20kg.
In Singapore, three out of four fish species commonly eaten here are unsustainable, said the World Wide Fund for Nature Singapore (WWF-Singapore). This includes the Indian threadfin (also known as ngoh hur) and pomfret.
These fish populations are red-listed, meaning they are in the danger of being completely overexploited and overfished, said WWF-Singapore’s CEO Elaine Tan.
CHOOSING ECO-FRIENDLY SEAFOOD HERE
But can we find sustainable seafood in our supermarkets in Singapore?
One way is to look out for signs – such as those blue labels on seafood in shops and restaurants certified by the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC), which indicates that products from these seafood sources are sustainably caught and farmed.
Mr Matt Watson, fisheries outreach manager of MSC, said that MSC-certified fisheries have to show that they are sustainable for their target stock, such as tuna. “It goes further than that, we want to make sure (the fisheries) look after the wider marine ecosystem, the by-catch rates and their interaction with sensitive habitats,” he said.
Global Ocean Link is one MSC-certified supplier here. About 20 per cent of its supply is sustainable, including oysters, snow crab, lobster, tilapia fillet and dory fillet.
Operations manager Dennis Ng said there are only about eight or nine suppliers in Singapore who are certified to provide sustainable seafood.
“This is a demand and supply issue. If their customers do not request for sustainable seafood, suppliers would not see the need to get themselves certified, (a process) which will cost them money,” he said. “At the same time, sustainable seafood is actually higher in cost by 10 to 15 per cent.”
PROTECTING OUR CORALS FROM COASTAL DEVELOPMENT
For marine life to flourish, coral reefs also need to be healthy.
Singapore is home to one-third of the world’s coral species. But it has also already lost more than 60 per cent of its corals to land reclamation over the years, where natural shorelines such as reefs and mangroves have given way to seawalls and artificial beaches.
And this number looks set to increase as the Government’s Land Use Plan 2030 highlights areas that allow for more reclamation.
But efforts are underway to ensure that our corals do not become a thing of the past.
Associate Professor Peter Todd, from the department of biological sciences at the National University of Singapore, said: “(Coral reefs) offer protection to coastlines, they provide fisheries and tourism for many countries - all these are relevant to Singapore as well.”
He added: “Maybe more fundamentally, unless we want to live in a country with no biodiversity and nature around us, then we really need to think about how we should protect these ecosystems.”
In 2012, an environment impact assessment revealed that the Tuas Terminal development project would kill the coral reefs near Sultan Shoal, located on the south west of Singapore.
The Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore (MPA) then dedicated S$6 million to relocating some 2,300 coral colonies to three southern sites at St John's and Sisters' Islands, to protect them from the impact of the development.
Mr Lionel Ng, from NUS’s department of biological sciences, described the relocation process as “very laborious” and involving many experienced scuba divers. But, he added: “We hope that with such efforts we can demonstrate that environmental conservation and coastal development can operate side by side, and these efforts can help to mitigate the effects of coastal development.”
‘ONE GRAND MARINE SANCTUARY’?
Over at King's Dock in Keppel Bay, corals, reef fishes and even seahorses can be found thriving in the waters at the marina – thanks to developer Keppel Land’s initiative to cultivate the corals in that area.
King’s Dock, which opened in 1913 and is one of Singapore’s oldest docks, is a designated conservation site today.
When the developer was constructing new homes on King’s Dock, it decided to conserve the corals, spending more than S$200,000 on efforts.
Keppel Land's general manager of marketing Albert Foo said they first transferred the grown corals from a nursery onto the enhanced reef structures built into the walls of King’s Dock in 2016. They have since added more corals, and divers regularly monitor the growth and health of the reefs.
They have also built a cable bridge, instead of a traditional one, to link the private Keppel Island to the mainland. Seawater can flow freely below, bringing in nutrients and plankton which the corals feed on.
Mr Foo said: “In 10 years’ time, the entire southern coastal waters in Singapore will become one grand marine sanctuary where the waters are teeming with marine life. And I think that would really be our gift to posterity.”
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Malaysia: After crocodiles, Malaysia looks to expand sustainable python trade
Goh Pei Pei New Straits Times 30 Apr 17;
KUCHING: Sarawak and Sabah have been told to conduct studies on the reticulated python populations in order for the country to obtain approval from Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (Cites) to allow for legal and sustainable trading of pythons.
Natural Resources and Environment Minister Datuk Sri Dr Wan Junaidi Tuanku Jaafar said the skin of the python has a great value in the European market.
“I believe the population of pythons in both state is quite sustainable, it’s just that we don’t have the figures and statistics to support the business (to trade the skin),” he said.
In the Peninsular, he said, it was recorded that there are between 800,000 to 1.2 million pythons in the forest and the oil palm plantations.
“The number does not include those in the permanent forest, so, the actual population should be higher,” he said.
Speaking to the reporters at the community leaders gathering at Kampung Tabuan Hilir here, Wan Junaidi said the country exports about 160,000 pythons from West Malaysia to China, Japan and Singapore annually.
“Besides, we are also looking into producing our own python skin products which will have a higher value instead of exports of the raw materials (the skin).
“This is a potential market that will benefit our people, especially those living in the villages. So, I hope the people from Sarawak and Sabah can get involved in the business too,” he added.
Malaysia’s proposal to allow the international trade of wild crocodiles has been approved by CITES in October last year, which downlisted saltwater crocodiles in Sarawak from Appendix I to Appendix II.
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Indonesia: Bali mynah conservation project gets international support
Theresia Sufa The Jakarta Post 1 May 17;
Indonesia’s efforts to conserve the Curik Bali (Rothschild’s mynah) by involving local communities living in areas around the Bali Barat National Park (TNBB) have received attention and support from international conservation bodies and zoo associations.
Curik Bali Conservation Association (APCB) chairman Tony Sumampau said that since 2004, the association had striven to breed of the myna, which is on the brink of extinction, by involving local communities in activities to conserve the species.
These efforts were strengthened with the issuance of a decree from the environment and forestry minister, which permits local people, especially those who lived in areas around the TNBB, to breed Curik Bali, he said.
The initiatives conducted by the APCB to save the Curik Bali from extinction has drawn attention from international conservation bodies and zoo associations from Europe and Asia.
“They include the International Union for Conservation of Nature, the Asian Species Partnership, the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria and EAZA Passerine TAG [Taxon Advisory Group],” said Tony, who is also director of the Indonesia Safari Park, recently.
He said there were 17 Curik Bali breeders around the TNBB conservation areas. They live in Sumber Klampok village, Buleleng regency, around 4 kilometers from the park.
The breeders have united into Manuk Jegeg, a Curik Bali conservation group. Based on a conservation agreement raised with APCB, they must return 10 percent of the birds they breed to the national park.
“There are now around 81 Curik Bali living in the TNBB,” said Tony. (ebf)
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Best of our wild blogs: 30 Apr 17
21 May (Sun)- Want to learn how to be a nature guide? Come join the Chek Jawa Familiarisation Tour with the Naked Hermit Crabs!
Adventures with the Naked Hermit Crabs
Kusu Island, 龟屿岛
Peiyan.Photography
Kusu Island still reefy
wild shores of singapore
Favourite Nectaring Plants #10
Butterflies of Singapore
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Singapore has reached its end
Surekha A. Yadav Malay Mail 30 Apr 17;
APRIL 30 — Marina Bay used to have the best steamboat restaurants in Singapore. That line of hotpot spots are now replaced by… well, the entire city.
I had never really thought much about our expanding shoreline although I should have — considering coast lines that I knew growing up are now so deep in-land you cannot even see the water anymore.
Samat Subramaniam’s wonderful article in the New York Times recently got me thinking and reading up about this.
He delves into this matter in more exquisite and accurate detail but basically Singapore needs land.
From the moment our nation came into existence, our government has taken determined steps to manage the nation’s most scarce resource.
The scale of Singapore’s sand imports are such that vast swathes of our neighbours; Malaysia, Indonesia, Vietnam, Cambodia and Myanmar have been affected by sand mining.
Key eco-systems — dunes, beaches, forests — have been quarried away to be sold to Singapore for a few dollars a ton.
The problem is sufficiently significant that virtually every country in the region has enacted bans on the export of sand — and particularly the export of sand to Singapore.
Singapore is a small country. Barely 700 square kilometres, it ranks around 180 out of the world’s 196 or so countries and territories.
Single cities like New York or Beijing are far larger than our nation, yet our economy is larger than the economies of major and large-sized nations like Pakistan, New Zealand or the Philippines.
Our land area is tiny but our ambitions are vast and we are home to over five million people.
Resolving this conundrum with just a few hundred square kilometres of land is not easy — and the reality is that size has always been our enemy.
The government now owns over 90 per cent of the country’s land area — on which it works to maximise the productivity of every square foot.
Even the 10 per cent of land it doesn’t own outright it regulates tightly and reserves the right to acquire.
The Urban Redevelopment Authority co-ordinates across ministries and engages experts and academics to ensure that our land use is optimised.
But even with the some of the tightest planning in the world, we need to carve new land out of the sea.
To date, Singapore has reclaimed over 100 square kilometres of land or 10-20 per cent of our total land area.
Our airport, our industrial zones (Jurong), huge sections of the port, our finance centre from Beach Road to Marina Bay Sands, even the entertainment/casino hubs on Sentosa... all of these are built partly or entirely on reclaimed land.
Our ambitions may be limitless but the truth is we are hitting physical limit. We just can’t keep reclaiming.
Technology, costs, the physical supply of sand mean we can’t keep growing our land mass.
Even politically, if we keep growing we’ll begin encroaching on territory claimed by Malaysia and Indonesia and the South China Sea doesn’t need another territorial dispute.
This will be an enormous challenge for our governments, our planners and our population but well, we’ve overcome some seemingly insurmountable obstacles before and the chances are we will get over this.
Already we’re experimenting with high rise factories, multi-story farms and floating stages. The reality is that as a people we must get high, really high.
Sky parks, sky farms it may sound like science fiction but with the sand running out the sky will have to be the limit.
Born and bred in Singapore, Surekha A. Yadav is a freelance journalist in Southeast Asia.
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Malaysia: Johor converting sewage treatment plants into water reclamation facilities
Ahmad Fairuz Othman New Straits Times 30 Apr 17;
PASIR GUDANG: Plans are underway to convert 158 sewage treatment plants in the Pasir Gudang and Tebrau areas into water reclamation plants which can produce potable water for industrial use here.
Energy, Green Technology and Water Ministry secretary-general Datuk Seri Dr Zaini Ujang said the ministry will soon hold discussions on the plan with the Iskandar Regional Development Authority (Irda) at the authority's next meeting, to be chaired by Prime Minister Datuk Seri Najib Razak.
"Such a move has been (carried out) in Kuala Lumpur.
"Discharge from (sewage) treatment plants can produce potable water for industrial use. The 158 sewage treatment plants in the Pasir Gudang and Tebrau areas have a catchment area of 1.5 million people, which means (they) can supply up to 260 MLD (million litres per day) of water.
"This will be used for Pasir Gudang's industries," said Zaini after the My River, My Property programme launched by Johor Menteri Besar Datuk Seri Mohamed Khaled Nordin at Pasar Nelayan, Kampung Pasir Gudang Baru, today.
Khaled urged the federal government to give priority to such a project, because Iskandar Malaysia is a big contributor to the country's economy.
Govt to replace 158 sewerage treatment plants in Johor
NELSON BENJAMIN The Star 1 May 17;
JOHOR BARU: All 158 sewerage treatment plants, which are treating waste water from 1.2 million people living in Pasir Gudang and Tebrau, will be replaced under a Federal Government plan.
The proposal is to replace all these aging sewerage treatment plants with one centralised system known as water reclamation plant (WRP), which not only treats the water but also can produce about 260 million litres of water per day for industries.
Johor Mentri Besar Datuk Seri Mohamed Khaled Nordin said the project was vital for the growth of Iskandar Malaysia.
“Phase 1 of the project itself will cost more than RM1bil. We hope this treated water can be channelled to industries in Pasir Gudang,” he said, adding that the Energy, Green Technology and Water Ministry would undertake this project.
“This will be good for Iskandar. WRP can help to supply water to industries instead of them relying on treated water from Syarikat Air Johor,” he said at the launch of the Sungaiku Hartaku programme along Sungai Masai here.
Mohamed Khaled said the WRP was not cheap as the Government spent RM250mil to build a plant to treat Sungai Segget in Johor Baru.
Ministry secretary-general Datuk Seri Dr Zaini Ujang said he would discuss the matter with the Iskandar Regional Development Authority soon.
Many of the sewerage treatment plants were between 20 and 30 years old, he said.
“They are not able to process all the sewerage and this is channelled into our waterways,” he added.
On another matter, Mohamed Khaled reminded the public not to discard rubbish into waterways as 229 rivers out of the 473 rivers nationwide are polluted.
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Malaysia: Steps taken to preserve Malayan tiger habitat
The Star 30 Apr 17;
PETALING JAYA: The Government has identified over 600,000ha in Peninsular Malaysia as a special protection area to preserve the habitat of the endangered Malayan tigers.
Perhilitan director-general Abdul Kadir Abu Hashim said proactive measures had been taken by the federal and state governments to gazette a few areas for this purpose.
“The preservation of forest reserves other than the special protected areas, especially at the central forest spine, must be managed sustainably to ensure that Malayan tigers will continue to be protected from the threat of extinction,” he said in statement.
Perhilitan signed a memorandum of understanding with Malaysian National Animal Welfare Foundation, World Wide Fund for Nature Malaysia, and Wildlife Conservation Society Malaysia to assist in conducting the first National Tiger Survey (NTS) aimed at identifying the exact population and habitat of the dwindling species in the peninsula.
Currently, the Malayan tiger subspecies, which was first formally recognised in 2004 after genetic tests, is listed as endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List.
The survey is the first covering all forest reserves in the peninsula and will take at least two years.
Abdul Kadir said there were about 250 to 340 Malayan tigers based on a study conducted by Perhilitan and other NGOs at three of its main habitats – the National Park (Pahang, Terengganu and Kelantan), Belum-Temengor (Perak) and Endau-Rompin (Johor).
He said the moratorium on deer hunting, which was introduced last November, would be enforced until Nov 30, 2021.
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Indonesia's yellow-crested cockatoo population threatened
Markus Makur The Jakarta Post 30 Apr 17;
The populations of the yellowcrested cockatoo on several islands are in critical danger due to massive exploitation, researchers say.
Anna Reuleaux from Manchester Metropolitan University said recently that she had been conducting research and compiling population data.
According to the data, there are around 200 birds on Sulawesi, 18 birds on Masalembo, 107 birds on Sumbawa, 40 birds on Flores, 70 birds on Rinca, 218 birds on Komodo, 258 birds on Alor and 288 birds on Pantar.
Approximately 2,000 birds still exist on Sumba and 200 to 300 birds on Timor and Timor Leste. On Tanahjampea, it is estimated that there are still 15 birds and there are eight birds on Tukangbesi.
Reuleaux conducted this research for conservation purposes, including to study the breeding of the birds, so that she could provide recommendations for stakeholders in Indonesia on how to preserve the species.
“I have been conducting research about the breeding of yellow-crested cockatoos on several islands since August last year and will continue until July next year,” the Germany native said.
She has been researching on Flores, starting from West Manggarai in Golomori, Rinca and Komodo and went further to Adonara and Alor. She also went to Sulawesi and Java.
“I traveled in East Nusa Tenggara for three months to Sumba, Flores, Alor, Timor and Rote. This is a conservation effort for Indonesian endemic birds, together with Burung Indonesia and the Bogor Agriculture Institute.”
Reuleaux explained that the yellow-Crested cockatoo is listed by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in the highest category of threat, “critically endangered,” due entirely to its massive exploitation as a cage bird. Seven subspecies are distributed in and just outside Wallacea, although the Sumba subspecies, known as the citron-crested Cockatoo, to aviculturists is probably a separate species. The population status of each of these subspecies is believed to be very serious.
Reuleaux said this research aimed to conduct extensive surveys of remaining cockatoo populations across its entire range, to produce accurate estimations of local population sizes and to determine their ecological and management requirement.
It is also intended to identify areas, which have or could have the right conditions to be local sites for future management interventions or re-introductions, and to generate in-depth information on the ecology of the citron-crested cockatoo on Sumba and possibly another subspecies in order to inform management practices for all populations. The research would also provide training and qualifications for one European and one Indonesian researcher in order to build capacity for cockatoo research and conservation.
The research is sponsored by Zoologishe Gesellschaff fur Arten-Und Biotopschute (ZGAP Germany) and Loro Porgue Fundacion in Spain.
She explained that the previous research, including in 1993, found there were 6,000 birds. However in 1994, there were cases of illegal trade of the species. Since then, the population has continued to dwindle more and more each year.
“We can find this bird in East Nusa Tenggara, Sulawesi and East Java. People are interested in this bird because of its unique yellow crest.”
The outcome of the project will be conservation relevant information on the size of remaining cockatoo populations, identification of new populations and explanations of why some areas retain cockatoo populations and others do not.
Romi Lungga Dangolimu, a field researcher from the Lembaga Burung Indonesia (Indonesian Bird Institute) on Sumba, who accompanied the German researcher, said the population of the bird on the island was quite good.
In 2000, there was a massive hunting of this bird. Then in 2013, Burung Indonesia stepped in to raise awareness to protect the endemic species.
He explained that the awareness program from Burung Indonesia had shown good results, with local people establishing groups to campaign about the protection of the species.
“Overall, there is no more yellow-crested cockatoo hunting on Sumba, although some people still attempted to set up traps in trees to catch the birds. But thanks to the monitoring groups, their attempts failed. The groups removed the traps and cleaned up the trees from the glue.”
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Indonesia: Hungry elephants in Sumatra destroy local plantations
Rizal Harahap The Jakarta Post 30 Apr 17;
Locals have called on authorities to take action to drive away three wild elephants, which came close to residential areas in Bengkalis regency, Riau province and destroyed palm and crop plantations.
The herd of the endangered animal had visited Jl. Rangau, Pematang Pudu subdistrict, Mandau district, in the past two weeks, but it was only in the past week that they began eating the local’s plantations, local Nimrot Sinaga said.
“They also destroyed an 8-hectare 3-year old palm plantation, which belongs to my parents,” he said on Friday.
The elephants usually came at night, he said, adding that he and the other residents tried to drive the elephants away using firecrackers. However, the elephants remained circling the area as other residents also tried to cast them away from the opposite direction.
He predicted that the three elephants are one family as they comprised of two adults and one calf around five years old.
“We expect the Riau Natural Resource Conservation Agency [BKSDA] will soon deploy a tamed elephant to lead the wild elephants away from the plantations and residences,” he said.
Tamed elephants are usually used to mitigate conflict between wild elephants and humans.
Nimrot said if authorities did not take swift action, he feared the local people would not be able to contain their anger as their palm plantations were eaten by the elephants. He said the elephants ate the palm shoots, which will kill the trees.
Besides palms, the elephants also ate other crops including sweet potatoes, beans and many other kinds of vegetables.
“If they keep causing restlessness among locals, I fear for their safety. They are protected animals, but their lives could be at risk,” he said.
Meanwhile, Mandau district head Djoko Edy Imhar said he had contacted Riau BKSDA to report the incident.
“BKSDA must lead the wild elephants away from local residences and plantations to prevent any possible conflicts,” he said.
Agency official R. Hutajulu said his office had assigned a team to monitor the wild elephant’s movements. It was detected that they were around the Jambon public cemetery and the team would try to lead them to Talang Forest at night.
From this monitoring, it was known that the herds’ movements were slow as one of the adult elephants could not walk properly. The elephant’s leg was wounded from a trap, which struck it some time ago. The agency’s team had treated the wound, but he said the healing process might take a while as the wound was on the elephant’s foot.
Hutajulu urged people not to get panicky if the three wild elephants passed their yards while they were herded to the Talang Forest.
“People must remain calm as Riau BKSDA is following their movements. It is better for people to stay at a safe distance so the elephants do not feel threatened and chase people instead,” he said.
The rampant conversion of forests into plantations has increased the rate of human-elephant conflicts in the country. Data from the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) Indonesia in 2015 showed that Indonesia had the highest number of human-elephant conflicts in Asia.
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This Singapore crab is not for eating
Just a few hundred J. singaporensis remain, so species has its own national protection plan
Lin Yangchen The Straits Times 28 Apr 17;
A drab brown crab looking as monotonous as the sand around it - apart from its faintly striped legs - is not something you would suspect to be of national importance.
But Johora singaporensis, the Singapore freshwater crab, has been given its very own national action plan of protection, for it is truly, uniquely Singaporean and is not found anywhere else in the world.
Its abodes in rocky, crystal-clear freshwater streams in the forested hills of Singapore are so critical that the National Parks Board (NParks) safeguards information on the locations as if it were a state secret.
Scientists estimate that only a few hundred mature individuals remain in the wild. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) considers it critically endangered and among the 100 most threatened species worldwide.
No bigger than a USB flash drive, it feeds on plants and animals dead or alive, and helps recycle nutrients in the aquatic ecosystem.
Despite its small size, Singapore is teeming with a large variety of animal and plant species. But conserving them is an ongoing challenge. In this five-part weekly series done in conjunction with Biodiversity Week that starts on May 20, The Straits Times highlights several of the species which have been saved from the brink of extinction. Today, in the first of this series, we look at the Singapore freshwater crab.
Assistant Professor Darren Yeo, from the National University of Singapore's (NUS') department of biological sciences, said the species originated about five million years ago when a population of crabs was geographically isolated from similar populations elsewhere and evolved into J. singaporensis.
The species was officially described and named in 1986 by NUS' Professor Peter Ng, who later taught Prof Yeo when he was an undergrad.
Three freshwater crab species are found only in Singapore, but the other two have less stringent habitat requirements or are found in better-protected areas like the Nee Soon Swamp Forest, said Prof Yeo.
He remembers the first time he saw the crab in the wild, while he was an undergraduate helping NParks with a survey of freshwater streams in the mid-1990s.
Turning over rocks and leaves in the water, he spotted the elusive creature. "I said to myself: 'Oh, this is cool; this is the thing that my professor described.' And then it went back into the water," he said.
In 2008, researchers discovered that J. singaporensis had disappeared from Jungle Fall Valley in the Bukit Timah Nature Reserve (BTNR), where it was originally found by Prof Ng.
NUS biological sciences lecturer N. Sivasothi, one of the researchers who made the discovery, said: "It was the start of a realisation that the environment had changed."
He and his colleagues then uncovered a report that had previous measurements of the water at the stream, and found that the water had increased in acidity. The reason for this remains a mystery, as other streams in the reserve appear to be unaffected.
Meanwhile, the crab clings to a tenuous existence in a handful of other freshwater streams in BTNR, Bukit Batok and Bukit Gombak.
The episode motivated Mr Sivasothi to enrol some of his undergraduate students in project work to better understand the characteristics of freshwater streams here.
"I tell the students that we have a national responsibility," he said.
In 2014, researchers and officers from NParks, NUS, Wildlife Reserves Singapore, IUCN, other government agencies and non-governmental organisations met to form a conservation strategy for the crab.
A year or two later, some of the crabs were translocated to a stream with suitable conditions where they had not been found before.
Today, the crabs seem to be thriving there. The researchers found that some had shed and renewed their exoskeletons - a sign that they had grown bigger.
NParks is working with its partners on a population enhancement and monitoring programme, including captive breeding.
Conservationists say the crab can be a national icon. For a start, it was pure luck that the most vulnerable of the three crabs found only in Singapore was named after the country. This has helped elevate its status, said Prof Yeo.
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