Best of our wild blogs: 1 Mar 09


Pulau Semakau: winged wonders, mudskippers and more
on the wild shores of singapore blog

One World One Moment
on the Midnight Monkey Monitor

Life Between the Tides Workshop
on the Leafmonkey Workshop blog and just across the horizon and wild shores of singapore blog

What to do in a shelter during rain?
on the wonderful creation blog

Nesting of Olive-backed Sunbird in the HDB heartland
on the Bird Ecology Study Group blog

Visit Malaysia Wildlife Rehabilitation and Conservation Centers
on the Nature Escapes Blog


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His kampung calling

Daphne Lee, The Star 1 Mar 09;

A Briton encapsulates his love for the local landscape and the enchantment of rural living in a beautifully illustrated book.

IT all started more than 40 years ago when, as a young man, Iain Buchanan came to Malaysia and Singapore to lecture on geography.

According to Buchanan, he was a “callow academic” with minimal local knowledge. He thinks his students must have found him annoying – “presuming to teach them about their own country.” However, Buchanan fell in love with Malaysia, especially its landscape, the memory of which he took with him when he went home to Britain.

“When I first came to Malaysia, it felt immediately familiar and I realised that I was recalling some parts of my boyhood in Africa – especially certain scents, like the smell after a tropical rainstorm.”

Buchanan spent several years in South Africa, Nigeria and New Zealand, thanks to his father accepting various lecturing posts. Buchanan Senior was also a geographer and taught his son to appreciate landscapes and to be aware of the interconnectivity between the land and living things.

“You have to feel connected to the landscape before you can act in a responsible manner towards it,” said Buchanan, 67, about his first book, Fatimah’s Kampung (Fatimah’s village). The picture book tells the tale of what happens when regard for the land is overtaken by development and greed.

At the centre of the story is Fatimah, who, at the start of the book, is a little girl, and, by its end, a teenager. The kampung in question is Kampung Hidayah, where Fatimah lives. It is a village within a city, surrounded by lush green forests and protected by a fictional Sultan who owns the land and had pledged to preserve it as it is the site of a large and beautiful keramat (saint’s tomb).

Fatimah’s family lives in a house, built by her great-grandfather, in the very centre of the kampung. It is a traditional Malay kampung house, raised on stilts, with a roof made of hand-cut wooden tiles, a plank floor, fretwork on the verandah railings and an intricately carved tiang seri (main pillar) made from the very tree that provided the roof tiles.

Fatimah loves her home and the forest, which she finds fascinating and mysterious. She is also intrigued by the keramat and the family of doves that live in it. Her grandmother tells her exciting stories about the wise man who is buried in the keramat; and of Pak Belang, the tiger who guards the forest.

The stories come with the recurring message to respect and honour the land and all living creatures. This is also Buchanan’s message.

“I was once a preachy lecturer, but even after I stopped teaching, and preaching, I still felt strongly about things, like disparate economic development, ecological collapse, overurbanisation... Fatimah’s Kampung is a way of recasting those lectures in more digestible form, especially addressed to children.”

Buchanan eventually married Maznoor Abd Hamid, a student he had taught in Singapore, and this thrust him back into the landscape of Malaysia where much of his wife’s extended family lived. It was a landscape that he had all but forgotten, but as he rediscovered it with Maznoor, Buchanan fell in love with it all over again.

Later, the couple settled in Britain (they now divide their time between Britain, Singapore and Malaysia), but Buchanan’s disillusionment with academic life grew and he decided to take early retirement.

“In the end, though, it was my experience of Maznoor and her family, and all the stories she told me (of her childhood, of her family, of her various houses and kampungs), that gave me the format for Fatimah’s Kampung,” he recalled.

“A million little details eventually, and very slowly, came together: trips with Maznoor in Borneo forests and on the back roads around Selangor and Perak; visits to family graves; walks with my Batu Pahat brother-in-law into the forest of Gunung Soga and around Johor kampungs; explorations of building sites with my little niece Hanna; a visit to a keramat, a family wedding, my sister-in-law’s kitchen garden.

“Eventually, I found that I was celebrating Maznoor’s family, celebrating all I loved about Malaysia, and paraphrasing my old lectures in a more presentable way, all at the same time.”

The pictures came first and the words were composed later, almost in the same way as captions are composed to explain pictures. Thanks to the meticulous rendering of the kampung (keep your eyes peeled for the cats that appear in almost every picture spread) and the detailed recounting of Fatimah’s life, this book can be enjoyed by readers of all ages.

It is Buchanan’s hope that parents will share the story with their children, and that the pictures and words will combine to awaken in readers the realisation of how the Earth is being threatened and how we are all involved in and affected by its preservation and its destruction.


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Tuas chemical spill: Death toll rises to 3

Estelle Low , Kimberly Lim, Straits Times 1 Mar 09;

A worker died yesterday, bringing the fatality count from a chemical spill in Tuas to three.

Two other workers died on Friday in the incident at Chemic Industries, when they suffered burns after a small quantity of nitric acid leaked from the flange joint of a heat exchanging unit.

Another two workers are now warded in the Singapore General Hospital (SGH). One of them is in critical condition with 70 per cent burns, while the other is in stable condition with 4 per cent burns. All the five workers were from India.

At least eight of their colleagues were keeping vigil at the intensive care unit when The Sunday Times visited the SGH Burns Centre yesterday.

This was the first time such an accident had happened, said a staff member from Chemic Industries who declined to be named.

The three men who died were in their 20s and 30s, and married with families in India. Their families have been notified.

The staff member described them as 'true family men' who would send the bulk of their salaries back to India every month.

'They were all good people who had never caused trouble. It's not just one but three lives lost in two days. We're keeping our fingers crossed that the other two men will pull through,' he said.

The company has arranged for at least one employee to be at the intensive care unit round the clock to monitor their condition.

A Ministry of Manpower spokesman said a stop-work order has been issued to the company.

Police investigations are still ongoing.

3 workers dead, 2 others suffer burns from chemical spill in Tuas
Cheryl Frois, Channel NewsAsia 28 Feb 09;

SINGAPORE: Three workers have died after a chemical spill took place their work site in Tuas on Friday.

Two died last night from chemical burns, while the third man succumbed to his injuries on Saturday morning.

Another worker is in critical condition at the Singapore General Hospital (SGH) with 70 per cent burns to his body.

A fifth worker is now in stable condition at SGH.

The Singapore Civil Defence Force (SCDF) was alerted to the incident when yellow fumes were seen coming from the first level of the building.

The workers were conducting equipment maintenance works when the incident took place.

The Civil Defence Hazardous Materials team de-contaminated the workers before they were sent to the National University Hospital for treatment.

They were later transferred to SGH.

The workplace was then cleared of the fumes using absorbents and water. - CNA/vm

Acid spill: Bodies of 3 dead to be flown home
Straits Times 2 Mar 09;

THE bodies of three workers who died after they were exposed to a nitric acid spill last Friday will be flown back to their hometowns in India.

Two other Indian workers who were injured remain warded at the Singapore General Hospital (SGH) burns unit.

One is in critical condition with burns to 70 per cent of his body, while the other is in stable condition with 4 per cent burns.

The incident at Chemic Industries, located in a factory in Tuas, happened when a small quantity of nitric acid leaked from the flange joint of a heat exchanging unit. The leak led to yellow-coloured smoke billowing from the unit.

Workers from nearby units said the smoke had a drying effect on their mouths and throats. The five workers from Chemic Industries were carrying out maintenance work at that time.

Yesterday afternoon, about 10 colleagues and friends of the two surviving men kept vigil at the SGH burns unit.

The less-seriously injured worker was recovering, his brother told The Straits Times. He declined to say more.

When asked about safety measures put in place at the factory, a Chemic Industries employee said the company sets high expectations of safety among its employees. 'Every time the workers are assigned a job, they are told to put on their safety gear,' he said.

The Manpower Ministry has issued a stop-work order to Chemic Industries and both the police and Singapore Civil Defence Force are also investigating the incident.

Nitric acid is a highly corrosive and toxic acid that can cause severe burns. It is used in a wide variety of industrial processes such as the production of fertilisers.

ESTHER TAN

Tuas acid spill: Fourth man dies
Fifth victim expected to be discharged soon
Diana Othman, Straits Times 4 Mar 09;

A FOURTH worker has died of his injuries from a nitric acid spill which occurred last Friday at a factory in Tuas.

Mr Arumugam Mahadevan, 20, suffered about 70 per cent burns to his body and was in critical condition when he was taken to the Singapore General Hospital (SGH). He was in the burns unit for about four days before he finally succumbed to his injuries on Monday night.

The death toll from the spill at Chemic Industries makes it one of the worst industrial accidents in recent years. Prior to last week's incident, a flash fire that killed seven people on the Portuguese-registered oil tanker Almudaina on May 29, 2004 was probably the worst accident to have occurred.

Mr Mahadevan, who was the eldest of four children, had been in Singapore for just seven months. His ashes are scheduled to be flown home to Chennai, India tomorrow.

The fifth victim had 4 per cent burns and is in stable condition. He is expected to be discharged soon. The bodies of the other three workers who died have been flown back to their families in Chennai. They were Mr Chinnapilai Soundarajan, 37, Mr Subrayan Renga Rayar, 26, and Mr Santhana Pitchai Amirtham, 28.

The accident occurred when a small quantity of nitric acid leaked while a heat exchanging unit was being cleaned. The five victims suffered burns to their faces and upper bodies.

The Manpower Ministry has ordered Chemic Industries to shut down and stop all works while the company's work processes are being checked. The company has declined to comment.

Companies which breach the Workplace Safety and Health Act by not ensuring the safety of their workers may be fined up to $500,000. Individuals may be fined up to $200,000 and/or jailed up to two years.

According to Mr Andrew Tan, 52, the vice-president of the Singapore Institution of Safety Officers, companies which deal with toxic materials should have more stringent control measures than other manufacturing businesses. He added that it would be beneficial for companies to hold emergency response drills at least twice a year.

National Trades Union Congress deputy secretary-general and MP Halimah Yacob said the incident underscored the need for Singapore companies to work on improving workplace safety. 'Safety is everyone's business so both employers and workers need to take greater ownership of safety rules.'

Other deadly industrial accidents
Straits Times 4 Mar 09;

OVER the past year or so, most of the industrial accidents that resulted in multiple fatalities took place on ships:

July 23, 2008: Two workers, a 35-year-old Malaysian and a 25-year-old Indian national, died on board a ship at the Western Anchorage in Singapore's southern waters.

It was believed that the two men had fallen into a 3m-deep tank in the Formosagas 3, a Liberia-registered liquefied petroleum gas tanker.

June 17, 2008: Two workers died of suspected gas poisoning on board the Pacific Ataawhai at DryDocks World Singapore in Tuas Crescent.

The two men, aged 21 and 25, were believed to have suffocated while performing what is known in the industry as 'hot work' - working with heat or flame - below deck.

June 8, 2008: Three workers died of burns after an explosion on the Rainbow Star, a Belize-registered vessel.

A flash fire was believed to have broken out on the ship, which was in the final stages of repair at Kreuz Shipbuilding & Engineering in Tuas.


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WWF-Malaysia supports call for seagrass protection

WWF 23 Jan 09

We refer to the article by Mr. Mah Hong Seng “Seagrass of great value” (The Star, Jan 1, 2009) and the response from the Department of Fisheries Malaysia (DoFM) (The Star, Jan 21, 2009).

We fully support the call by Mr. Mah Hong Seng for the proper management and protection of the seagrass at the Merambong site. We are also very happy to note that DoFM has taken this very seriously and recognizes the importance of seagrass as essential food for threatened marine animals. We hope that DoFM will also proactively take the lead in pushing for better management and protection of other marine ecosystems for fish resources and other endangered marine animals.

Coastal habitats are not given enough attention and protection. Examples of some coastal habitats that warrant protections are coastal mudflats which are important for cockle culture e.g. the Kuala Selangor mudflats. The Kilim-Kisap Mangrove forest, the largest in Langkawi, is slowly losing its mangrove stretches to aquaculture. Some of the islands around Langkawi have good coral cover but no protection. Coastal and marine habitats in Sabah are similarly under threat and in need of greater protection, particularly in Kudat-Banggi and Semporna areas.

Overall, not only are many of the natural habitats and marine ecosystems degraded or destroyed but fish stocks have also declined substantially. In some areas the declines have been as high as 95%. Today less than 0.5% of Malaysia’s Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) waters are gazetted as Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) and these cover mainly offshore islands. WWF-Malaysia would like to see a much higher percentage of the EEZ covered by MPAs to enable fish stocks recovery from the current overfished status.

DoFM must be proactive in taking new measures to sustainably manage our fish resources. In this respect, we strongly urge DoFM to consider Ecosystem Based Management of Fisheries (EBMF) as an alternative management tool. EBMF is a management tool that involves all interested parties such as stakeholders, managers and decision makers in the consultation, planning and execution phases of any management undertaking. WWF-Malaysia is willing and prepared to cooperate with DoFM in seeing to the adoption of EBMF as a management tool.

From: Dato' Dr. Dionysius S.K. Sharma D.P.M.P., Executive Director/CEO, WWF-Malaysia


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Palawan fish agreement may be replicated in Malaysia

WWF 28 Feb 09;

Kota Kinabalu: The Philippines’ fishery that supports part of Sabah’s flourishing live seafood trade has agreed to introduce a quota that will cut catches by 27 per cent or around 200MT in an effort to stave off the collapse of their fishery.

At a summit this week in the Philippines province of Palawan, live reef fish traders also agreed to establish a local alliance to work with the government to put this quota and a raft of other initiatives into action.

The unprecedented actions were taken to protect the livelihoods of more than a hundred thousand people who depend on the Palawan fishery.

WWF-Philippines, which co-convened the summit with the Palawan Council for Sustainable Development on 24 February 2009, said Malaysia would play an important role in protecting food security in the region.

“Malaysia in particular will play a vital role in the sustainability of the live reef fish trade in this region,” said Ken Kassem, Sulu-Sulawesi Marine Ecoregion Manager for WWF-Malaysia.

”We suspect that much of the live reef fish that are traded through Kudat probably come from southern Palawan in the Philippines. Sabah appears to be a hub for live reef fish trade in the region. Government initiatives such as the Sulu-Sulawsei Marine Ecoregion and the Coral Triangle Initiative have recognized the importance of managing the transboundary nature of this trade”

Head of the Marine Resource Management Branch of the Department of Fisheries in Sabah, Lawrence Kissol attended the meeting.

“We look forward to working with the Department of Fisheries Sabah and local traders to establish a regional agreement between traders from other live reef fish hubs, such as those in Sabah,” said Mr Kassem.

The live reef fish trade from Palawan has serviced the appetite for fresh tropical fish at business lunches and expensive banquets in Asia, including Malaysia, since the 1980s. The trade has brought more than US100 million dollars annually to fishing communities on the island, where popular coral trout is caught often with the use of cyanide or explosives.

WWF estimates that at current levels of overfishing, the live reef fish trade in Palawan would collapse by 2020.

“The trade in live reef fish in Palawan supports entire communities, many of which have few alternatives for livelihoods, yet the fishery is highly unregulated and is in a serious state of decline,” said Dr Geoffrey Muldoon, Live Reef Fish Trade Strategy Leader for WWF’s Coral Triangle Programme.

“Surveys undertaken show that 60 per cent of all fish taken from the reefs around Palawan are now juveniles, which is a good indication that the adults have been removed from the ecosystem and that it has been highly overfished,” Dr Muldoon said.

“Under a business as usual scenario, Palawan’s live reef fish trade would become economically unviable in about a decade. We hope that we can build on the new quota system and establish a comprehensive management plan that will protect communities from this significant food security threat.

“This comes at a time when climate change threatens to place further pressures on ecosystems and on fish populations dependent on coral reefs for survival. Building resilience into ecosystems is critical for the ongoing food security of millions of people in the region, such as those in Palawan.”

Leaders of the six nations that make up the Coral Triangle – Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, Solomon Islands and Timor-Leste – will gather in Manado, Indonesia, in May for the World Oceans Conference where they will announce a comprehensive set of actions to protect ecosystems and food security in the region.

The IUCN for the first time last year assessed all 161 species of grouper, a reef fish which makes up a large part of the Coral Triangle’s live fish trade. Twenty grouper species were assessed as threatened with extinction, including the squaretail coral grouper and humpback grouper, which are found throughout the Coral Triangle and are a popular luxury live food in Asian seafood restaurants.

For more information:
Geoffrey Muldoon, Live Reef Fish Trade Strategy Leader, WWF Coral Triangle Programme, Tel: +61 439 741148, Email: g.muldoon@transpac.net.au
Charlie Stevens, Media Manager, WWF Coral Triangle Programme, Tel: +61 (0)2 8202 1274, +61 (0) 424 649 689, Email: cstevens@wwf.org.au

Additional notes:

* The Coral Triangle is the most diverse marine region on the planet, matched in its importance to life on Earth only by the Amazon rainforest and the Congo basin. Defined by marine areas containing more than 500 species of reef-building coral, it covers 5.4 million square kilometres of ocean across six countries in the Indo-Pacific – Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, Solomon Islands, and Timor-Leste.
* The Coral Triangle also directly sustains the lives of nearly 130 million people and contains key spawning and nursery grounds for tuna, while healthy reef and coastal systems underpin a growing tourism sector. WWF is working with other NGOs, multilateral agencies and governments around the world to support conservation efforts in the Coral Triangle for the benefit of all.
* For information on the Coral Triangle go to: www.panda.org/coraltriangle


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Free at last – Rita the manatee goes home

It’s no easy task to release back into the wild a rare sea cow weighing 3,000lb after 26 years in captivity, reports Michael McCarthy
The Independent 28 Feb 09;

Gently does it: this is a little bit like moving an immobile patient from a hospital trolley to a bed, except that, in this case, the patient weighs a ton and a half and has to be shifted by crane.

The patient, Rita, a 12ft, 3,000lb (1,360kg) manatee, or sea cow, is one of the most curious of aquatic animals. She has spent the past 26 years living as a semi-invalid in SeaWorld, the Florida theme park near Orlando, having lost a flipper that had become caught in a crab trap.

However, a recent edict from the US Fish and Wildlife Service has laid down that all manatees in captivity which are capable of living in the wild must be released, which means freedom for about 30 animals held in parks and zoos across the US.

SeaWorld has held 10 manatees – mostly animals recuperating from injuries suffered in collisions with boats – and it has begun the releases. Rita was set free this week, along with a smaller animal, Amber, a 9ft, 1,300lb female rescued in 2001.

Although Rita is minus her flipper, SeaWorld staff determined that would not affect her ability to survive in the wild, not least because manatees are vegetarians, feeding mainly on underwater grasses.

"With manatees, their food doesn't try and get away from them, so they don't have a lot of difficulty getting where they need to be," said Scott Gearhart, a senior SeaWorld vet who helped to supervise the release.

Rita was released into Blue Springs, a state park on the St John's river where a warm-water spring ensures the water temperature stays at a temperature of 23 degrees all year round. In the winter, it is a major attraction for manatees from the main river.

Rita will be tagged and tracked by satellite and closely monitored in her new home. Manatee enthusiasts can follow her daily track online at www.seaworld.org.

Manatees belong to the order of mammals known as sirenians, which contains three species of manatee – found in the Americas and West Africa – and the dugong, which is found in the Eastern hemisphere, from East Africa to the Pacific.

There was also a gigantic relative to the manatee called a Steller's sea cow, which lived off the coast of Alaska but it was hunted to extinction shortly after its discovery in the mid-18th century.

Looking humanlike in certain aspects, sirenians are thought to be the basis of the myth of mermaids.


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Extremely Rare Bongo Group Found in Kenya Forest

Nick Wadhams, National Geographic News 27 Feb 09;

Kenya's Eburu Forest was once considered inaccessible, thanks to its deep ravines and thick undergrowth. But a hike through its outer fringes these days feels positively crowded.

The sound of axes echoes across the forest constantly, and the forest floor is scarred by dark mounds where wood once smoldered into charcoal.

Yet here scientists and trackers have found what they believe is a new population of the extremely rare mountain bongo.

Based on data from human trackers and a rare camera-trap photograph captured in September 2008, researchers estimate the newfound group includes about 20 members—a surprisingly large count for a subspecies thought to number only 75 to 140 altogether in the wild, according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature.

Such small numbers put the bongo, already so close to extinction, at risk for hereditary diseases caused by inbreeding.

Feared extinct as recently as the mid-1990s, the mountain bongo is limited to the forests of a few rugged Kenyan mountains: Eburu and Mount Kenya, as well as peaks in the Aberdare and Mau ranges.

The bongo is an extremely shy creature, with a dozen or so thin white stripes running up and down its chestnut-colored flanks. Larger than any other forest-dwelling antelope, a male can grow to nearly 900 pounds (408 kilograms).

Shy and Stealthy

The find brings new hope for conservationists trying to save an animal that has been under continual pressure from poaching and dwindling habitat for 40 years—without much help from the skittish bongo themselves.

"The animal knows how to hide," Solomon Kirayu, a relentless local bongo tracker, said on a recent hike through Eburu's outer fringes. "Before you get a glimpse, you really have to track it."

The forest's remoteness and the animal's lifestyle add to the difficulty of counting Eburu's bongo.

Groups of female and baby bongo, for example, often live for weeks on less than an acre (0.4 hectare) of land, while males roam from group to group, said Nigel Carnelley, a local conservationist who has worked with Kenya's Bongo Surveillance Project.

Carnelly said he had learned that bongo still lived in Eburu only in 2003, and pictures from a camera trap suggest the presence of another 20 to 30—in addition to the 20 or so just found—for a total of about 50 in Eburu Forest.

Some experts suggest that that estimate is too high. So the next step, if funding can be obtained, will be to confirm those numbers with more camera traps, dung samples, and tracking on foot.

Bringing Back the Bongo

Carnelley's efforts are part of wider work in Kenya to restore the bongo.

Mount Kenya is the location of a planned program to release bongo that were born and raised in captivity in the United States. Eighteen bongo were returned to the Mount Kenya Wildlife Conservancy in 2004, but the descendants have yet to be released into the wild.

Mike Prettejohn, who was born in Kenya and hunted bongo in his youth, now leads the Bongo Surveillance Project. He's trying to cement a deal with the Kenya Wildlife Service that would start a patrol group to stop poachers from attacking the bongo.

Already the wildlife service has launched the National Bongo Conservation Task Force to devose a plan for protecting the bongo from its chief threats: habitat destruction and poachers, who hunt with guns and dogs.

"They are quite clever at keeping alive but nevertheless with dogs and the amount of pressure they are under, the mountain bongo in the wild will be finished within 50 years at the most," Prettejohn said.

Yet such steep, inaccessible forest—which generally works in the bongos favor by keeping humans away—is hard to monitor. Determined poachers can operate with little fear of being caught.

"The terrain in question is difficult for any force to adequately control," said Lyndon Estes, a research associate with the Rare Species Conservatory Foundation, who has studied the bongo.

"You can be 100 meters [110 yards] away from somebody up in those forests and possibly not even be aware of them."

The Wild vs. Woodcutting

In many ways, the plight of the bongo represents the conflicts wracking Kenya today.

Massive population growth is putting pressure on some of Kenya's most precious wild spaces, as people come looking for food and fuel for Kenya's ubiquitous charcoal-burning cooking stoves.

In particular, the woodcutters are destroying the forest habitat in Eburu.

Approached by strangers in the woods late last year, some cutters scattered, while others continued chopping trees nonchalantly.

"I'm here because I'm poor and I have no other way to make money," said woodcutter Stephen Njoroge, standing over a massive tree trunk he had felled and was cutting into smaller logs.

That conflict—poverty versus conservation—has community leaders struggling to find ways for the cookers to work without destroying the forest for fuel.

"If we pull you out of the forest, what alternative do you have?" said John Kimani, a local leader.

"We are not trying to remove these people from the forest," he continued. "But we are trying to turn away from destroying to cooperating and saving something."


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California declares drought emergency

Peter Henderson, Reuters 28 Feb 09;

SAN FRANCISCO (Reuters) - California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger on Friday declared a state emergency due to drought and said he would consider mandatory water rationing in the face of nearly $3 billion in economic losses from below-normal rainfall this year.

As many as 95,000 agricultural jobs will be lost, communities will be devastated and some growers in the most economically productive farm state simply are not able to plant, state officials said, calling the current drought the most expensive ever.

Schwarzenegger, eager to build controversial dams as well as more widely backed water recycling programs, called on cities to cut back water use or face the first ever mandatory state restrictions as soon as the end of the month.

"California faces its third consecutive year of drought and we must prepare for the worst -- a fourth, fifth or even sixth year of drought," Schwarzenegger said in a statement, adding that recent storms were not enough to save the state.

He called on urban water users to cut consumption by 20 percent and state agencies to implement a water reduction plan. Meanwhile, the state of emergency will let planners fast-track some infrastructure building.

Legislators have also revived a $10 billion bond package to build new dams, fund conservation programs and build plants to recycle waste water and recharge aquifers.

"There is a bit of a perfect storm, pardon the pun, developing here," Republican state Senator Dave Cogdill told Reuters after introducing one of the new bond packages. "I hope the attitude toward surface storage, the larger projects, has changed."

The state water department will report on conservation progress by the end of March, and if the situation has not sufficiently improved, water rationing and mandatory cuts in water use could be instituted, the governor said.

California produces more than half the nation's fruits, vegetables and nuts, and farmers in recent weeks have been staggered by reports that the main federal source of irrigation water will go dry this year and the top state water project will not fulfill more than 15 percent of requested water.

The Central Valley, a fertile but arid region stretching some 500 miles from Bakersfield to Redding, is the agricultural heartland of California, which ranks as the nation's No. 1 farm state in terms of the value of crops produced -- more than $36 billion a year.

Concern about California's tight water supply is on the upswing at the same time as officials in the state capital of Sacramento rally behind the idea of creating jobs with public works spending. Unemployment in the most populous state rose to double digits -- 10.1 percent -- in January.

Water planners and environmentalists are also broadly in agreement that climate change is creating a more erratic climate that could lengthen dry spells.

"We're going to have droughts. That's a fact of life. They may be worse in the future," state water chief Lester Snow told reporters on a conference call.

(Additional reporting by Jim Christie; Editing by Christian Wiessner)


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Australia's weather bureau warns of flooding

Reuters 27 Feb 09

SYDNEY (Reuters) - Australia's Bureau of Meteorology said on Saturday it anticipated "significant flooding" in the country's mineral-rich northwest as a developing tropical cyclone made landfall.

The system had already prompted two oil field operators, Apache Energy and Santos Ltd, to shut production from some fields, while other operators in Australia's "cyclone alley" were on alert.

"Widespread heavy rain is likely in the Pilbara during today as the system approaches the Pilbara coast, and significant flooding may result," the Bureau said in a statement posted on its website (www.bom.gov.au) at 0045 GMT on Saturday.

"The low remains weak but there is a chance it could develop into a tropical cyclone prior to making landfall. If the system does intensify into a tropical cyclone gales may develop in coastal areas late today."

Apache said on Friday it was in the process of shutting down the Stag and Legendre oil fields with a combined capacity of about 13,200 barrels per day (bpd), while Australia's Santos said it was suspending output from the 13,800 bpd Mutineer-Exeter oilfield.

Other oil and gas operators in the path of the storm, including Woodside Petroleum Ltd and BHP Billiton Ltd, said their operations were unaffected and they were tracking the cyclone.

(Editing by Jerry Norton)


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Ethanol boom-bust scares off investors: analyst

Roberta Rampton and Jasmin Melvin, Reuters 27 Feb 09;

WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Investors burned by the recent boom and bust in the U.S. ethanol industry will be wary of pouring money into plants for the next generation of biofuels without more stable returns, a J.P. Morgan analyst said on Friday.

U.S. law requires that 10.5 billion gallons (40.8 billion liters) of ethanol be blended into the gasoline supply this year to reduce dependence on foreign oil imports and lower emissions of climate-changing greenhouse gases.

But ethanol producers have struggled to find profits amid volatile corn prices and plunging gasoline demand and prices.

"We have a real dilemma in the industry," Ann Duignan told the U.S. Agriculture Department's annual outlook forum.

"As long as nobody's making money, the industry is not viable long term regardless of a mandate."

Four or five years ago, when corn prices were below $2 per bushel and oil prices were high, there was a "gold rush" feeling in the business, Duignan said, recalling a farmer she had met who had invested $200,000 in an ethanol plant.

"His stocks had split nine times and his investment at that point was worth $2.3 million. Never in his life did he think he was going to be a millionaire," she said.

But backers built too much capacity and production costs soared. Many plants are idled and some made bankrupt.

"I think all that is going to be remembered for a long time is the kind of boom-loss that Wall Street saw with ethanol," Duignan said.

"I think from that perspective, it's going to be difficult to get investors to invest in ... cellulosic ethanol," she said.

The administration of President Barack Obama has been keen to foster the "next generation" biofuels like cellulosic ethanol made from crop waste, grasses and wood pulp.

The fuels are still at the pilot stage and are more expensive to produce than corn-based ethanol.

Government programs such as a permanent production tax credit for biofuel producers could help provide some stability to the industry and certainty to investors, Duignan said on the sidelines of the conference.

A production tax credit for cellulosic ethanol will expire in 2012, long before many plants are built and producing the fuel, she said.

Wall Street will also watch carefully the impending release of the Environmental Protection Agency's rules for the renewable fuels standard, she said.

The rules will provide a framework about how the United States will meet its 2007 mandate that calls for 36 billion gallons of renewable fuels to be used by 2022, including 15 billion gallons of ethanol, 16 billion gallons of cellulosic, and 5 billion gallons of other new types of biofuels.

The agency is looking carefully at the environmental impacts of the fuels, including how much they reduce greenhouse gas emissions over time, said Karl Simon, an EPA official.

The rule, which Simon said would be hundreds of pages long, will be released "soon" for public comment, but there was no set date, Simon said.

(Editing by Marguerita Choy)


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UK trials rewards to householders for recycling

Residents are to be rewarded for recycling under a scheme by one council which aims to reduce the amount of rubbish going to landfill.
The Telegraph 27 Feb 09;

The trial programme by the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead will see householders accumulate reward points for recycling which can then be redeemed in local shops and businesses.

The council hopes the scheme will cut its landfill tax bill, as well as generating rewards for residents and boosting the local economy.

The pilot will use wheelie bins fitted with an identification tag which identifies the household the bin belongs to, using an automatic reader on the refuse vehicles.

When the recycling bin is collected, it will be weighed and a corresponding amount of points will be allocated to the household.

The scheme will be run in conjunction with Recyclebank, which runs a similar reward scheme in the US, and the council's waste contractors Veolia.

Liam Maxwell, lead member of the council for sustainability, said: "I am very pleased to be working with Veolia and Recyclebank to bring this innovative programme to our residents.

"It will reduce our landfill tax liability and give residents rewards that they can use in local shops and businesses - a great way to help the local economy."

He added: "It reinforces our ongoing commitment to weekly bin collections."

The council plans to system-test the scheme with green waste in May and will then pilot the Recyclebank programme with co-mingled collections, which means residents can put all their recycling in one bin.

There will be a maximum number of redeemable points to prevent abuse of the system, for example residents generating extra rubbish for recycling to get points.

David Burbage, leader of the council, said: "This scheme is a great way to increase recycling and shows our commitment to effective environmental management."

The Tories have backed schemes which reward people for recycling, similar to those in the US in which residents are paid up to £25 a month to recycle.

The US schemes have boosted the amount of waste being recycled by as much as 200% in some areas.

But a pilot by the Government to introduce "pay-as-you-throw" schemes which would have charged extra to those who created the most waste was kicked into the long grass earlier this year after no councils came forward to take part.


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Indonesian conservationists hunt for man-eating tiger

Oyos Saroso H.N. and Jon Afrizal, The Jakarta Post 27 Feb 09;

The Jambi Natural Resources Conservation Center (BKSDA) in cooperation with the Zoological Society of London (ZSL) and other concerned NGOs are intensifying the hunt for a man-eating tiger.

The Sumatran tiger is reported to have killed and eaten two illegal loggers from Lampung last week in Sungai Gelam district, Muaro Jambi, Jambi. The BKSDA is reportedly mulling relocating the tiger.

On Thursday, ZSL Indonesia representative Dolly told The Jakarta Post in Bandarlampung that a female tiger nicknamed Salwa, who the BKSDA captured on Feb. 11, might not be the only tiger in the jungle that had eaten humans.

The fact that people had continued to be attacked and eaten by a tiger even after her capture indicated there was at least another man-eater in the wild.

"We are now working together with the BKSDA in Jambi to catch the tiger. We have found its traces based on our survey and mapping," Dolly said.

Salwa, now being kept temporarily at Rimba Pall Merah Zoo in Jambi, is strongly believed to have attacked a total of five people, three of them fatally, between the end of January and the beginning of this month.

Dolly said there were frequent reports of the target tiger entering villages in Muaro Jambi area and causing panic among villagers. Its most recent appearance was in Paal 12 village in Sungai Gelam.

"We want to catch it soon. It probably will be released back into its habitat together with Salwa," Dolly said. He also said they would likely be released in a forest in Jambi. "It's possibly the South Bukit Barisan National Park," he said.

Sumatran tigers are the world's most critically endangered tiger subspecies. Only about 250 of the big cats are left in the wild, down from about 1,000 in the 1970s.

Illegal hunting and trading of the rare animals is blamed for their decline. In Jambi, for instance, such practices have rapidly decimated the tiger population from 50 a few years ago to only about 20 at present.

"Unless something is done about it, they will be extinct in only a few years' time," Jambi BKSDA head Didy Wurjanto said recently.


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