Best of our wild blogs: 25 Jun 10


The ICCS Workshop for Organisers 2010
from News from the International Coastal Cleanup Singapore

Dillenia excelsa var. tomentella: A new phenotype arising
from Flying Fish Friends

Be fair, many things are anthropogenic, but many things are NOT. from Hell Hath No Fury Like Nature Scorned

Singaporeans Proudly Replanting Our Unique Trees and Shrubs
from The Green Volunteers

"The present extent of mangrove forests in Singapore"
from Habitatnews and wild shores of singapore

Olive-winged Bulbul taking a bath
from Bird Ecology Study Group

Macro Macro Macro
from Mendis' World

Raffles Museum Treasures: Common Asian toad
from Lazy Lizard's Tales

Scientists warn that Malaysia is converting tropical forests to rubberwood plantations from Mongabay.com news

Rainforest scientists urge UN to correct "serious loophole" by changing its definition of 'forest' from Mongabay.com news

Food for thought from Japan's accused
from BBC NEWS blog by Richard Black


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Heavy flooding in parts of Singapore

AsiaOne 25 Jun 10;

Singapore residents woke up to another downpour early this morning.

Skies were dark and in the eastern part of Singapore, the downpour started after 7am.

Photographer Alvin Teo, 20, an intern with AsiaOne, said of the scene he saw while walking from Braddell MRT station to the junction leading to his workplace: "The junction was flooded. People looked like they were swimming!"

A check half an hour later by AsiaOne revealed that the waters at the junction has since subsided.

Mr Teo also saw two women chasing after their slippers, which was swept away by the waters.

Reports coming in indicate heavy flooding in parts of Singapore.

Floods were seen in several areas, including parts of Upper Thomson Road and Jalan Boon Lay.

Branches, snapped off by strong gusts of wind, also caused traffic chaos.

Fallen branches disrupted traffic flow near Orchard Central, as two lanes were blocked.

The Meteorological Services Division has issued a rain-with-thunder warning. It said to also expect showers with thunder late morning and early afternoon for the next three days.

Last Wednesday, parts of Orchard Road and Bukit Timah were flooded, leading to damage to luxury shops and vehicles. In Orchard, Hermes and the three-day-old fast-food outlet Wendy's were among those whose premises and goods were reported damaged by the flood.

AsiaOne readers also said that parts of Bukit Timah were uncrossable for a period of time, except for buses and bigger vehicles.

Flash floods in many areas
Hoe Pei Shan and Lee Jia Xin Straits Times 25 Jun 10;

THE heavy downpour on Friday morning has sparked fears of a repeat of last Wednesday's massive flooding in the Orchard Road area.

Torrential rain caused traffic snarls on all the major expressways in Singapore during the morning rush hour.

The darkened morning sky, along with the high amount of rainfall, cut visibility on the roads making driving conditions tricky.

Information from the one.motoring portal reported heavy traffic on the AYE, KPE, SLE, BKE and CTE.

Traffic on the CTE towards SLE after Ang Mo Kio Avenue 1 almost came to a standstill due to an obstacle blocking three lanes.

A tree fell outside Orchard Central, near the Somerset MRT station on Orchard Road, blocking three of the five lanes. But no floods were reported in the shopping belt.

Readers called in to report floods at Upper Thomson Road near the junction of Sin Ming Road, Bishan area, and Jalan Boon Lay in the direction of Corporation Road.

The weather forecast from the National Environment Agency's Meteorological service says showers with thunder are expected over all parts of Singapore from 8am to 11am.

The heavy downpour recalled last Wednesday's massive floods in many areas of central Singapore, flooding basement carparks and shops, and causing businesses to lose millions of dollars.

On Thursday, the PUB announced that it is spending $25,000 to install five debris-trap gratings at Stamford Canal to prevent future floods. All five will be in place by Friday.

Heavy downpour causes flooding, road chaos
Channel NewsAsia 25 Jun 10;

SINGAPORE: The heavy downpour Friday morning is causing chaos on the roads.

MediaCorp received several calls about floods in various parts of Singapore.

Among them are Upper Thomson Road near Sin Ming Road, Jalan Boon Lay, and Bukit Timah Road after the Balmoral Road junction in the direction of Corporation Road.

The Meteorological Services Division had issued a heavy rain warning, saying flash floods could occur.

Floods in some of these areas have since subsided.

The downpour accompanied by gusty winds also caused branches to break off trees.

One such incident near Orchard Central along Orchard Road blocked two lanes of traffic.

SCDF personnel are helping evacuate children from a childcare centre at Telok Kurau Lorong G, affected by the floods.

They're also pumping water out of the childcare centre.

The traffic police are diverting traffic away from the CTE towards SLE in between the Ang Mo Kio Ave 1 and Ang Mo Kio Ave 3 exit due to a fallen tree.

The huge tree fell across the entire northbound carriageway after the junction with Ang Mo Kio Ave 1 in Friday’s morning's heavy downpour, causing a massive jam which stretched several kilometres.

Traffic is also being diverted away from the junction of Balmoral Road and Bukit Timah Road, due to flood caused by heavy rains.

In a statement, Traffic police said officers at the affected roads are regulating traffic and directing motorists.

Motorists are informed to follow the directions of traffic police officers.

Members of the public are advised to avoid the affected areas.

They say the public may call the police hotline at 1800 65471818 for further enquiries concerning the matter.

- CNA/jy

Over 60% of June rain fell during morning downpour, causing road chaos
Channel NewsAsia 25 Jun 10;

SINGAPORE: Heavy and intense rain fell in many parts of Singapore early Friday morning causing road chaos with fallen trees and floods.

The PUB said 100 mm of rain fell within an hour, between 8 and 9.30am.

That's the same amount of rainfall on June 16 which led to massive floods in Orchard Road. That amount is more than 60 per cent of the average rainfall for the entire month of June.

PUB says the heavy rain caused localised flash floods in a number areas and the waters subsided within 30 minutes.

During the heavy downpour Friday morning MediaCorp received several calls about floods in various parts of Singapore.

Among the areas affected were Upper Thomson Road near Sin Ming Road, Jalan Boon Lay, and Bukit Timah Road after the Balmoral Road junction in the direction of Corporation Road.

Several roads also had traffic diverted due to fallen trees.

An uprooted tree fell across the entire northbound carriageway after the junction with Ang Mo Kio Ave 1 in Friday’s morning's heavy downpour making the expressway impassable to traffic.

The incident caused a massive jam which tailed back several kilometres.

A van was also trapped by the fallen tree and the SCDF said two people in the van were injured and were sent to Tan Tock Seng Hospital.

Traffic Police were also on hand to divert traffic away from the CTE towards SLE in between the Ang Mo Kio Ave 1 and Ang Mo Kio Ave 3 exit due to the fallen tree.

On Orchard Road, a fallen tree near Orchard Central blocked two lanes of traffic.

SCDF personnel were also called in to help evacuate children from a childcare centre at Telok Kurau Lorong G, affected by the floods.

They also had to pump water out of the childcare centre.

Traffic police officers were also kept busy regulating traffic and directing motorists at jammed up roads.

At the junction of Balmoral Road and Bukit Timah Road, traffic had to be diverted away from due to flood caused by heavy rains.

- CNA/jy/sf


Orchard Road flooded again
Today Online 25 Jun 10;

Nine days after a blocked canal running under Orchard Road overflowed and caused millions of dollars in damage to shops, floods were again reported along Singapore's main shopping stretch this morning.

Mr Goh, a caller to the MediaCorp hotline (68 2222 68), said that flood waters at the junction of Orchard, Scotts and Patterson Roads - badly affected last week - were up to knee level at 8.50am this morning.

Another hotline caller, Ms Brenda Khaw, told MediaCorp that a fallen tree branch had caused a minor traffic jam outside Centrepoint. Other callers told MediaCorp that Bukit Timah Road was gridlocked due to the heavy rain.


Heavy and Intense Rainfall Causes Flash Floods - 25 June 2010
PUB Press Release 25 Jun 10;

Heavy and intense rain fell over many parts of Singapore in the early morning.

About 100 mm of rain fell within one hour between 8 am to 9.30 am. The amount of rainfall is approximately more than 60% of the average monthly rainfall for June.

The heavy rain caused localised flash floods in a number of areas including Bukit Timah Road/ Dunearn Road, Thomson Road and Balestier Road junction, and Old Airport Road. The flash floods subsided within 30 minutes.

PUB, Traffic Police and SCDF officers were activated to render assistance on site.

PUB advises the public to exercise caution as flash floods may still occur in the event of heavy storms.

The public can obtain the latest weather reports, including heavy rain warnings, by tuning in to radio broadcasts, calling NEA’s weather forecast hotline at 6542 7788, visiting the NEA website at www.nea.gov.sg or accessing the mobile weather service (Weather@SG - weather.nea.gov.sg). The public can also call PUB’s 24-hour Call Centre at 1800-284 6600 to report obstructions in drains or to check the flood situation.


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Johor to start probe into sand smuggling claims

Nelson Benjamin, The Star 25 Jun 10;

JOHOR BARU: The state government will initiate its own probe into allegations that sand is being smuggled out of the country via Sungai Johor.

“We have nothing to hide,” said Local Government, Housing, Arts, Culture and Heritage Committee chairman Datuk Ahmad Zahri Jamil.

The state, he said, had stationed staff from the Johor Baru Land and Mining office (PTG) at all Customs checkpoints since earlier this month, especially in Pasir Gudang, Tanjung Belungkur and Stulang Laut.

He also confirmed that the sand from Sg Johor needed to pass Singapore to reach its destination on the west side of the country if moved via pontoons.

Asked about the possibility that some of the sand could be diverted as the barges cross into Singapore waters, he insisted that all records were in order and the state’s jurisdiction was only within three nautical miles. Anything above that is within federal jurisdiction.

“I do not see how you can smuggle sand into Singapore as they are so strict when it comes to enforcement,” he told a press conference held with officers from various departments, including the PTG, yesterday.

Ahmad Zahri also said that sand mining in Sg Johor was for domestic use only and that it was being carried out by four companies and “an individual” over the past three years.

The companies involved within the Kota Tinggi area were Bidari Kekal Sdn Bhd, SSB Construction Sdn Bhd, AZY Sdn Bhd and Sovereign Earth Sdn Bhd.

He said the individual concession was given to Nor Hisham Mohd Ali under the PTG.

“They have been extracting sand as part of a project to deepen the Kota Tinggi river in 2007,” he said, adding that these companies were given approval to transport sand via lorries or pontoons. (One pontoon is equivalent to 150 lorry loads.)

“The sand is for domestic use. Johor does not export sand. So far, all our records indicate that everything is in order. All the sand from the east coast of the state is supplied to areas within the west coast, especially in Iskandar Malaysia,” he said.

“The Customs Department is tasked with ensuring all the barges that depart their designated areas reach the proper area with the same payload and quantity,” he said.

Asked if those involved in the sand mining operations included politicians or VIPs, Ahmad Zahri said: “That is getting personal. I cannot reveal even if I know.”

On whether Johor planned to stop sand mining at the end of the licensing period at the end of the year, he said the state received revenue from it and there was still demand for sand.

He noted that there was a case in March last year where the Maritime Enforcement Agency detained a barge with six Indonesians for trying to smuggle sand.

Since then, there had been no other cases.

Asked if the PTG had received complaints about sand smuggling, Ahmad Zahri said that all complaints had been investigated and no wrongdoing had been detected.

Smuggling of sand a security threat
The Star 25 Jun 10;

PETALING JAYA: The ease with which sand can be smuggled out of the country has raised concerns of border security here.

A security official said a proper investigation must be carried out to check the alleged rampant smuggling of sand into Singapore.

“This is a very serious matter as it concerns national security,” he said, adding that if sand could be easily smuggled out of the country, it could pose a security threat at the country’s exit and entry points.

The Star reported yesterday that sand worth millions of ringgit was being smuggled into Singapore via Sungai Johor.

Checks by the Starprobe team revealed sand-laden barges from Johor heading towards a private jetty in Pulau Punggol. Further checks showed that sand was also being smuggled by lorry-loads across the Causeway.

Observers said tonnes of sand were hidden underneath layers of bricks to avoid detection.

The smugglers also seem to be using the service of tontos.

“They seem to know when the authorities are going to conduct spot-checks.

“Once the tontos alert them, lorries will suddenly make a U-turn and go elsewhere.

“They wait by the roadside and resume journey only when the ‘coast is clear’,” said an observer.

Although Singapore had always maintained that it was only importing silica from Malaysia, and not sand, another official has called on Singapore to assist Malaysian officials to put a stop to the smuggling of sand from Johor and other states into the republic.

It has been widely reported that due to the rapid reclamation and construction needs in Singapore, Malaysian contractors could be colluding with their partners in Singapore to smuggle sand to the republic despite the ban on sand exports by Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia and Cambodia.

A check revealed that new sites where sand was being stockpiled include the coastal stretch of the Western Catchments area and the northeastern tip of the NSRCC Kranji Sanctuary Golf Course.

Sand thieves get inside help
The Star 25 Jun 10;

PETALING JAYA: The country has lost billions of ringgit worth of sand over the years with sand thieves, greedy contractors, corrupt officials, unethical politicians and daring smugglers working hand-in-glove.

Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission (MACC) investigations director Mustafar Ali, said sand smuggling activities could be halted if those entrusted with responsibilities conducted themselves diligently.

“How difficult is it to keep track of slow-moving barges carrying 5,000 tonnes of sand worth RM250,000? And how difficult is it to use the X-ray machines available at the Malaysia-Singapore border checkpoints to see if tonnes of sand are hidden inside lorries?” he asked.

Mustafar said MACC findings showed that the Government has been losing revenue amounting to about RM600mil for every lorry that makes about 3,000 trips a year, transporting sand to Singapore.

“That figure is for one lorry that can carry a 34-tonne load per trip. How many lorries are plying across the straits daily?

“For every two barges that transport a total 8,000 of tonnes of sand per day over a period of one year, the Malaysian Government loses RM144mil in revenue.

“Companies involved in the sand smuggling activities are earning hundreds of millions without having to pay royalty fees and taxes,” he said.

Mustafar said MACC had arrested 43 people, including 30 enforcement officers, between January and March this year to facilitate sand smuggling investigations, adding that illegal sand mining was rampant in Selangor, Johor, Perak and Pahang.

“We found that the enforcement officers took bribes ranging from RM500 to RM88,000. Six of the enforcement officers admitted that they were also bribed with sexual favours,” he said.

In January, two Customs officers and a Land and Mines officer were charged with accepting bribes in July 2009 as inducement not to take action against four lorries found to have smuggled sand to Singapore.

Mustafar also said that it was against the law to carry out sand mining activities at night.

“But the law is rarely enforced,” he added.

Sources from the Malaysia Maritime Enforce-ment Agency said most of the barges that left Johor had documents claiming the sand was to be delivered to Selangor.

“The barges had to ply international waters. More than 90% of the shipments never made it to Selangor,” said one source.

The Star reported yesterday that sand worth millions of ringgit was being illegally “floated” out of the country daily via Sungai Johor.


MP files motion on sand smuggling
The Star 25 Jun 10;

KUALA LUMPUR: An opposition MP has filed an emergency motion in the Dewan Rakyat, seeking for a debate on sand smuggling in the country.

Er Teck Hwa (DAP – Bakri), who filed the motion, said such activities were humiliating and had caused Malaysia to suffer huge losses.

“It is as though we are selling our land to another country,” he said. Such crimes indicated weak enforcement, he added.

Speaker Tan Sri Pandikar Amin Mulia will decide on the the motion on Monday.

Agencies urged to jointly work against illegal sand mining
The Star 25 Jun 10;

PETALING JAYA: The Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission has called on all relevant agencies to join forces and dig deeper into illegal sand smuggling activities in the country.

MACC investigations director Mustafar Ali told The Star that illegal sand mining was rampant in Selangor, Johor, Perak and Pahang, with some enforcement officers admitting to accepting cash bribes and also sexual favours. He also said laws were rarely enforced.

Other developments:

● The Johor government is starting its own investigation and welcomes all quarters, including the media, to provide evidence to the agencies, following the Starprobe report on sand smuggling in Johor.

● An opposition MP has filed an emergency motion in Parliament to debate the sand smuggling activities in Sungai Johor.

● The ease with which sand is being smuggled out of Malaysia via the country’s exit points poses a security threat, say security officials.


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Selangor losing half a million ringgit per day to sand thieves

Elan Perumal and Stuart Michael The Star 25 Jun 10;

SELANGOR can be considered the hotbed for illegal sand mining in the country with the state said to be losing about RM500,000 a day from sand stealers.

The issue of sand mining has been a hot issue in Selangor over the last 10 years with certain quarters alleging that millions of ringgit are being raked in by syndicates.

State exco for modern agriculture, natural resources and entrepreneur development Yaakob Sapari had said previously that the state government was losing RM100mil annually from syndicates mining sand illegally.

Among the sand theft hotspots are Serendah in Hulu Selangor, Dengkil in Sepang, Jenderam in Sepang, Kundang, Kuang, Rawang, Kajang, Bestari Jaya in Kuala Selangor, Banting and Bukit Beruntung.

When Pakatan Rakyat took over Selangor in March 2008, it pledged to resolve the sand mining theft problem by setting up a consortium — Kumpulan Semesta Sdn Bhd (KSSB) — to look into streamlining all sand mining activity in the state.

Ironically, the setting up of the consortium has also sparked controversy involving the Selangor Government with some quarters claiming that the consortium was not effective in curbing the illegal activity.

A tonne of sand from the illegal quarry costs about RM40.

There were also allegations that government officials including from the state, district land offices and enforcement personnel from various other departments were working with the syndicates.

Kapar MP S. Manikavasagam had last month lodged a police report accusing KSSB of being embroiled in graft. He tendered a statutory declaration made by sand mining contractor Cheong Hoong Wooi alleging that he was asked to pay more than the stipulated price for sand and was also asked to pay a commission.

Cheong also alleged that KSSB marketing manager Wong Swee Leong had told him over drinks one night that he would have to pay RM1 per metric tonne in commission for future purchases.

He added that he was first offered a price of RM12.50 per metric tonne but it was revised to RM14 on KSSB executive director Ramli Abd Majed’s instructions.

However, the Selangor Select Committee on Competency, Accountability and Transparency (Selcat) found insufficient evidence of corruption in the state government’s sand mining company Kumpulan Semesta Sdn Bhd (KSSB).

Over the past few months, StarMetro had highlighted sand theft taking place at various loactions in Selangor such as Dengkil and Jenderam in Sepang, Sungai Kuang in Kundang, Kuala Garing in Rawang, Kampung Rinching in Semenyih and Banting in Kuala Langat.

When contacted, state local government commmittee chairman Ronnie Liu said that the state had appointed Selangor State Secretary Datuk Ramli Mahmud as the person in charge of monitoring sand thefts.

He said he was responsible to oversee the enforcement operation conducted by the various district land offices.

“Kumpulan Semesta was only responsible for the sale of sand while it is the duty of the land offices to check illegal sand mining activities. The state secretary will be monitoring the the land offices,’’ he said, adding that the state had made more than RM10mil from the sale of sand for the first six months of this year.

Sand mining in Hulu Selangor legal
The Star 25 Jun 10;

HULU Selangor district officer Nor Hisham Ahmad Dahlan has refuted claims that illegal sand mining is rampant in the Batang Kali and Ulu Yam townships.

He said sand mining activity at Kuala Kali, Batang Kali and SKC Kampung Timah, Ulu Yam were legal and were carried out by Kumpulan Semesta Sdn Bhd (KSSB), the company set up by the state government two years ago.

Nor Hisham dismissed recent media reports claiming illegal sand mining activity was taking place in Batang Kali.

“It is actually the deepening of the riverbed of Sungai Selangor and it is not true that sand was being taken out from the area.

“KSSB has engaged two contractors to carry out the sand mining activity legally,’’ said Nor Hisham.

“To avoid confusion, I hope that KSSB apply for one permit for each site. Currently, it is one permit for three areas,’’ he said.

Nor Hisham added that a three-month permit from June 3 to Aug 31 were given to the KSSB.

He said that the permit allowed KSSB to extract 2,500 square metres of sand, where each metre the contractor pays a royalty of RM3 to the state government.


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World Cities Summit in Singapore to focus on building liveable, sustainable cities

Joanne Chan Channel NewsAsia 24 Jun 10;

SINGAPORE: With half the world's population living in cities, governments face the challenge of balancing growth with environment protection and that's why delegates at next week's World Cities Summit will explore ways to build liveable and sustainable cities.

The summit, the second to be held, takes place from June 28 to July 1. It's held in conjunction with Singapore International Water Week.

As more people live and work in the city, more demand is placed on basic services such as clean air, water and even living space.

The challenge is to maintain a liveable city and ensure that growth does not come at the expense of the environment.

Dalson Chung, deputy chairman, World Cities Summit 2010 Working Committee, said: "A lot of people are going into the cities to live. So to make the cities liveable is the uppermost aspiration for a lot of leaders and to sustain it for the future generations.

“And of course when people go to the cities to live, they will like to live there forever. So although the cities are growing, we must make sure it's sustainable.)"

Singapore is rated as one of the world's most liveable cities, recognised for its strengths in infrastructure and governance.

As the host nation of the summit, it'll share its expertise in areas such as public housing and waste management.

It's also looking forward to learning from other cities.

Mr Chung added: “Melbourne has a lot of galleries and it has a very strong cultural background. Bilbao also has a very strong cultural background. They also balance the software and also the hardware. So these are some of the areas that we can learn from other countries and cities."

More than a 1,000 policymakers and industry leaders will gather in Singapore for the four-day summit, attending discussions and learning journeys.

Participants of the World Cities Summit who sign up for the Public Housing Learning Journey will be brought to the gallery at the top of the Pinnacle@Duxton, Singapore's tallest public housing project.

The gallery offers a panoramic view of Singapore's skyline. Panel boards are also available to introduce the history and purpose behind the various districts. - CNA/vm


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Flooding in Singapore: Stamford Canal gets new debris traps

5 gratings placed at key spots to prevent Orchard Road area from flooding again
Grace Chua Straits Times 25 Jun 10;

THE PUB is spending $25,000 to install five debris- trap gratings at the Stamford Canal to prevent the Orchard Road area from flooding again.

All five will be in place by today.

The gratings were lowered just days after massive floods hit the Orchard Road shopping belt last week, costing many shops and restaurants there millions in damage. Some of the shops are still closed.

The cause of the floods was later traced to a clogged drain at the canal, which is meant to clear rainwater away from Orchard Road.

The national water agency said in the aftermath that it would install more of these gratings along Stamford Canal and step up maintenance checks at the canal to once a month, from once every three to six months.

The PUB is spending $150 million a year for the next five years to upgrade drainage infrastructure, it said last week.

Gratings are placed in strategic areas picked by PUB engineers who model the water flow in canals.

The five new zig-zag gratings, which catch debris without stopping water flow, are in open drains for easy maintenance in Camp Road, Napier Road near Minden Road, Nassim Road, Grange Road and Tanglin Road.

They add to the Marina Reservoir catchment's 100 existing gratings and 26 float booms - to catch flotsam - at the mouths of canals.

In addition, the PUB has been talking to the owners of Lucky Plaza on ways to upgrade the building to deal with flooding. As the shopping mall was built before 1984, it does not conform to PUB guidelines that entrances be 1m above the highest known flood level.

Building experts have also suggested adding raised platforms to places such as Liat Towers and Lucky Plaza, where water spilled into the lower levels and flooded shops.

Last week, Environment and Water Resources Minister Yaacob Ibrahim said that all major canals would come under review. The review includes how often they are inspected and cleaned.

The PUB is also adding one new sensor to the current four in the Stamford Canal. There are 32 of these sensors in canals islandwide.

These sensors do not prevent floods, but they help alert the water agency to potential floods and it can then send contractors and officers to a potential flood site to manage the damage.

Over the years, such measures have cut the number of flood-prone hot spots from 90 in 2008 to 58 last year and 54 this year, including Orchard Road, the PUB said.

To handle more frequent maintenance checks and cleaning work, cleaning contractor Lian Shing Construction will be hiring 20 more workers on top of its 120 existing cleaning staff, said director Seah Siew Seng yesterday at a press briefing.

The additional workers will not change the cost of its cleaning contract with the PUB because the hiring of more workers is written into the 'performance-based' contract, which specifies a minimum cleaning frequency but allows contractors to decide how many workers and what tools are needed.

The PUB's three cleaning contracts began in January.

The agency said the five-year contract with Lian Shing, which handles cleaning for the central watershed's drains and canals - spanning Bukit Timah, Little India, the Singapore River, Geylang and Orchard Road - is worth $4.3 million a year.

Besides Lian Shing, the PUB's other contractors are Neo Lian Poh Construction, which cleans drains in the eastern watershed, and Kim Bock Contractor for the western catchment.

In total, maintaining PUB's 7,000km of drains and canals around the country costs $23 million a year, a figure that has doubled over the past three years.

Asked whether the new maintenance requirements would raise the cost of the firm's operations, Mr Seah said the company had no choice. 'We need to do the job well, and we need enough manpower to do that,' he said.

During its over two decades in the industry, the family business has also mechanised. Where workers used to simply dig out silt and debris, they now use machines like the Bobcat mini excavator to clear canals.

Debris-trapping gratings for Stamford Canal
Evelyn Lam/Lynda Hong Channel NewsAsia 24 Jun 10;

SINGAPORE: The PUB has stepped up efforts to prevent flooding, following the massive flooding on Orchard Road. It is installing gratings in the drains linked to the Stamford Canal drainage system.

PUB is paying special attention to the drains after it surfaced that trapped debris at a culvert had caused floodwater to overflow onto Orchard Road last week.

It is installing zig zag gratings to trap debris while allowing water to flow smoothly.

PUB is spending S$25,000 on the gratings in five drains along Grange Road, Holland Road, Camp Road, Nassim Road and behind Tanglin Shopping Centre.

Maintenance of the drains in the central catchment areas will also be stepped up - from once every three months to once a month.

To do this, the contractor will increase the number of people for the job - from 120 to 140.

Mini dredgers, which can do the job of 20 workers, will be increasingly used to remove debris quickly. And to be alerted faster if water reaches alarming levels, a water sensor will be installed in a drain near Grange and Orchard roads by this week.

- CNA/i

Flood prevention measures
Lynda Hong Ee Lyn Today Online 25 Jun 10;

Work is in progress to prevent the Stamford Canal drainage system from being blocked again. 'Z'-shaped gratings were installed in drains along Holland Road yesterday. The gratings will trap debris while allowing water to flow.

PUB's assistant director of Catchment and Waterways, Mr Choy Yai Kwong, said more will be installed in drains along Grange Road, Camp Road, Nassim Road and behind Tanglin Shopping Centre. A blocked culvert was the cause of the recent floods in Orchard Road.

PUB is also installing a sensor in the drain near Grange and Orchard Roads to monitor water levels. SIM YI JIN


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The value of quiet in the city

Alan HJ Chan Today Online 25 Jun 10;

Cities are often assessed on economic indicators, environmental conditions, transport facilities and connectivity, cultural activities, crime rates and the cost of living. People speak of the hum and buzz of the city as reflecting its life. A silent city, by contrast, is taken to mean a sleepy or dead city.

I have lived in the city for some years now, just off Orchard Road. From my high rise windows, I take a different view. There is one characteristic of a city that is too seldom valued - quiet.

Noise seems unavoidable, permeating every scene, every space. There are heavy lorries and pile drivers on construction sites, traffic with pseudo race cars, loudspeakers blaring out from the shopping centres, buskers on the corner and too many mobile phones in the hands of loud mouths.

Such noise leads to stress. Quiet, in contrast, allows the human being to think. Thinking drives human advancement. Quiet therefore has a function and an economic value.

Generally speaking, I judge that the more developed cultures prefer softer background music and public announcements. The less developed, the louder.

By this measure, for all its other advancements, Singapore seems to be lagging. Especially along Orchard Road, the noise level is so high, so harsh, it spoils the ambience.

I am now a noise pollution refugee. For years, I enjoyed my apartment and tolerated the street noise, until a black bird appeared at the window. Its shriek called out at any hour, but particularly at dawn. I called a Ministry, which referred me to an Agency, which sent me to an Authority, that finally told me to turn to the Yellow Pages for a private pest controller.

I found out, in the process, several kinds of birds are classified as pests but not this one, even if it makes the most noise. Frustrated, I briefly imagined taking flight like the bird, and migrating.

Eventually, I decided not to leave the country. Instead I had to forsake my apartment in a well-wooded area for another, on a much higher floor and in an even denser part of the city's concrete jungle so neither birds nor the street noise far below can disturb me.

I like the life and activity of the city, being in the centre of things. But there are things that can be done to make the city quieter. These are practical things that will not stop city life but, rather, also allow quiet and thinking.

The first thing would be to measure noise more closely in different places and times and set appropriate limits. Then we have to sort out what noise is inevitable to city life and what can be toned down, without affecting the actual activity.

But a pre-requisite is that we must learn to value the quiet.

The writer was the founder and owner of Petroships and is an active supporter and benefactor of the Singapore Institute of International Affairs, which collaborated on this commentary.


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Tiger killing in Malaysia: Review RELA’s Firearm Possession and Use - WWF Malaysia

WWF Malaysia 25 Jun 10;

Kuala Lumpur, 24 June 2010 - We refer to the killing of a three-year old male tiger by a People’s Volunteer Corp (RELA) because it was spotted in a village and suspected of attacking poultry in Sungai Bayor, Perak.

We understand the villagers’ fear but the matter should not have been handled in this manner. There is a clear and simple procedure for dealing with these human-tiger conflict situations that should be well-known to agencies like RELA and its members. That procedure is to alert the Department of Wildlife and National Parks first.

This incident is just one of many that raise our concern about RELA members abusing their firearms:

• In 2004, a RELA member was charged for killing a tiger in Gemas, Negeri Sembilan. The tiger was discovered with its internal organs missing and was believed to have been shot by the man after villagers sighted it in the forest.
• Last October, two RELA members were arrested by the Pahang Wildlife Department for using their shotguns to kill two mousedeer in Rompin, Pahang.
• Earlier this year nine Orang Asli; two of whom were RELA members, were detained for snaring and torturing a tiger in Sungkai, Perak.

Such incidents illustrate the reality of how RELA members are not always in tune with the national laws and policies relating to wildlife and the proper use of the firearms awarded to them.

In view of this, the Malaysian Conservation Alliance for Tigers (MYCAT), which comprises the Malaysian Nature Society, TRAFFIC Southeast Asia, Wildlife Conservation Society – Malaysia Programme and WWF-Malaysia, calls for a review of RELA members’ firearm possession policy, standard operating procedures involving firearm use as well as policies with regards to dealing with wildlife. Adding to this concern is the recent news of the issuance of 48,823 shotgun licenses by the Government.

There must also be closer and more effective communication among government agencies, especially in circumstances where the job of protecting wildlife and people overlap.

We shouldn’t lose sight of the fact that human-tiger conflict arises as a result of loss of prey, loss of habitats through land clearance for industrial plantations such as oil palm and rubber, and poaching. So it is imperative to ensure these problems are tackled to keep both animals and people safe.

The government has been clear at policy level about its commitment to doubling the number of wild tigers by 2020 – stated unequivocally both in the National Tiger Action Plan and the 10th Malaysia Plan. Making these a reality is not solely the responsibility of the Wildlife Department and conservation organisations – the tiger graces our Coat of Arms, it is a national symbol and belongs to all of us, RELA members included.


For further information, contact:
Sara Sukor, Species Senior Communications Officer, WWF-Malaysia
Tel: 03-7803 3772 ext 6421, Email: ssara@wwf.org.my


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Lack of food, so crocs turn on man in Malaysia

Julia Chan New Straits Times 25 Jun 10;

KOTA KINABALU: Diminishing food sources is among the reasons why there have been 38 recorded crocodile attacks on human beings, including 23 fatal ones, here in the last decade.

State Tourism, Culture and Environment Minister Datuk Masidi Manjun said the attacks on humans were also linked to human dependency on waterways and lack of precautionary steps taken by victims.

"However, attacks might also be a signal to a deeper crisis in the food chain where the crocodiles reside. Change and reduction of prey like fish and small mammals which could be caused by an increase of water pollution should be investigated."


Masidi also said the clearing of land, rivers and estuaries for development would also disrupt the natural food chain and habitats, and cause the crocodile-human conflict.

"If the crocodile is hungry, and a human is within its turf, then it's going to grab whatever moves," he said after opening the "Crocodile conservation through sustainable use" workshop on Wednesday.

Sabah Wildlife Department director Laurentius Ambu said the number of attacks has increased, including in Kinabatangan, Silabukan, Kalumpang and Paitan rivers.


"There have also been a number of incidences that have not been reported. Apparently, there have been 15 crocodile attacks in Lahad Datu and Kunak districts over the past 11 years.

"The department has a policy of investigating all reports of sightings and has taken prompt action at locations where fatal attacks have taken place, usually capturing and removing large crocodiles from these areas," said Laurentius.

Sabah has an estimated 16,000 saltwater crocodiles, mostly in the western regions of Segama, Labuk, Paitan and Pitas.


The workshop is jointly organised by the department with the International Union for Conservation of Nature -- Crocodile Specialist Group, with support from Danau Girang Field Centre and Cardiff University, Sandakan and Tawau Crocodile Farms, Borneo Crocodile Centre, and Toyo Leather Corporation and Seisa University in Japan.

IUCN-Crocodile Specialist Group's Professor Grahame Webb delivered the keynote address.


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Illegal orangutan trade in Indonesia: three arrested

Wildlife Extra 24 Jun 10;

Cracking down on the smugglers

June 2010: Three people have been arrested and charged with attempting to sell a baby orangutan after a raid by Indonesian authorities. This is one of the first cases in many years against suspected illegal orangutan dealers in Indonesia, and possibly the first case ever in Kalimantan in Indonesian Borneo. It represents a continuing rise in action against the illegal trade in wildlife in Indonesia. In the last two years there have been more than 20 arrests for illegally possessing or trading protected wildlife, including endangered Sumatra tigers, and pangolins.

The raid in Pontianak took place on June 21 and recovered a live baby orangutan that was about six months old. Young orangutans are favoured by dealers, and their mothers are often killed in the process of capturing them. The baby orangutan confiscated during this raid is now being cared for at the International Animal Rescue facility in Ketapang, West Kalimantan.

The raid was conducted by the Indonesian Department of Forestry, Directorate-General for Forest Protection and Nature Conservation (PHKA), working in conjunction with the Anti-Wildlife Crime Forum, made up of WCS's Wildlife Crime Unit and local partners. The Wildlife Crime Unit, created by WCS in 2003, provides data and technical advice to law enforcement agencies to support the investigation and prosecution of wildlife crimes.

'I hope this will send a warning to others involved'

Director General of Forest Protection and Nature Conservation for the Indonesian Department of Forestry, Mr Ir Darori M.M, expressed appreciation to the officers that took part in the raid: ‘This is an important case and an impressive result. I hope this will send a warning to others involved in the illegal trade in protected wildlife in Indonesia that it will not be tolerated,' said Mr Darori. ‘I urge state prosecutors to focus now on the prosecution of this case.'

The Wildlife Conservation Society is actively trying to reduce the damaging impact of illegal wildlife trade.
‘The illegal wildlife trade is a massive threat in Indonesia, but one that can be addressed with a strong government commitment,' said Dr Noviar Andayani, director of the WCS Indonesia programme. ‘This case, and those over recent years, demonstrates what is possible. Orangutans remain under threat in Indonesia, and stopping the illegal trade in them must be part of a plan to ensure their survival.'

Live orangutans sold in Indonesia, or exported illegally to neighbouring countries, are kept as pets or in private zoo collections. Other wildlife traded from Indonesia includes rhino, elephant, tiger, birds, bears, orchids, marine and freshwater fish, turtles, fragrant timber, pangolins, coral, snakes, bats, sharks, and rodents, being traded for food, medicines, skins, biomedical research, souvenirs and pets.

‘The illegal trade in wildlife is a global problem that is effecting wildlife around the world,' said Colin Poole, Director of the Wildlife Conservation Society's Asia programmes. ‘Enforcement actions like these are extremely important in helping the conservation community turn the tide of this global issue.'


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Olive Ridely turtle mortality in Orissa declines sharply

The Times of India 24 Jun 10;

There is some good news for wildlife enthusiasts. The mortality rate of Olive Ridley sea turtles, the most endangered species, along the Devi river mouth in Orissa had drastically come down in the just concluded nesting and breeding season, according to Global environment watchdog Greenpeace.

An evaluation of the turtle season from November 2009-May 2010 by Greenpeace revealed a sharp reduction of 60% in turtle mortality in the Devi region, signifying “better management” of Orissa’s coastal fisheries by the state government.

“The turtle mortality count supported by Greenpeace India provides a reference to evaluate the state government’s enforcement of the Orissa Marine Fisheries Regulation Act (OFRA) and Supreme Court-appointed Central Empowered Committee (CEC) directives, with emphasis on the Devi region.

Greenpeace said turtle mortalities have notably dropped by 60 per cent when compared to 2008-2009 in the Devi region. There have also been a record 3500 plus turtle nests in the Devi region, the highest in the last decade.

“The forest and fisheries departments have taken a positive step forward with effective marine patrolling near Devi in the 2009-2010 season, proving that reducing the annual turtle mortality is not an impossible task. These efforts need to be sustained every year, and the government simultaneously needs to expedite the process of a comprehensive alternative livelihood programme, particularly for the Gahirmatha region, for impacted traditional fishermen”, said Sanjiv Gopal, campaign manager, Oceans, Greenpeace.

Increased patrolling in the Devi region, and an evolving understanding from fisher communities, has resulted in reduced illegal mechanised fishing, and thus a lower turtle death toll.

“If Orissa’s fishery dependent livelihoods and fragile marine environment need to be conserved and sustained, the effective enforcement of existing laws is required. This is necessary to restore fish stocks, especially in Orissa’s territorial waters, which are currently under severe stress due to the large number of mechanised fishing vessels operating within 10 km. of the shore” Mr Gopal remarked.

Greenpeace’s campaigning efforts in Orissa are focussed on enabling the Gahirmatha Marine Sanctuary in Kendrapara district to become a model for better biodiversity conservation and a tool for fisheries management; one that successfully addresses potential conflicts between conservation and livelihoods. A successful model in Orissa can serve as a guiding reference for marine conservation in rest of the country.


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Indonesia census turns up Papua tribe living in trees

Reuters 24 Jun 10;

JAKARTA (Reuters) - A tribe of hunter gatherers living in trees in the remote forests of Indonesia's easternmost region of Papua has been discovered officially for the first time by the country's census, an official said on Thursday.

The nomadic tribe, called Koroway, numbers about 3,000 people speaking their own language and living off forest animals and plants, census officials found during the country's 2010 census survey.

"Their houses are in trees, their life is stone age," said Suntono, head of Indonesia's statistics agency for Papua.

After receiving reports from missionaries, census officials needed to walk for up to two weeks to find the tribe, after travelling by boat from the nearest permanent villages, but still only reached the fringes of their territory.

The nearest city to the swampy southeastern corner of Papua is Merauke, the site of a planned giant food estate attracting interest from investors such as Singapore's Wilmar to grow sugar.

Scientists said last month they had found new species in Papua, including the world's smallest wallaby. The discoveries come as scientists warn of the threat of species loss as the planet warms and forests are destroyed to feed humans.

Suntono said tribe members, who wear nothing but banana leaves, protected their area from outsiders as they depended on it for food such as deer, wild boar, sago and bananas.

A secessionist movement has smouldered for decades in politically sensitive and resource-rich Papua, with attacks in the past year on workers at Freeport McMoRan Copper & Gold Inc's Grasberg mine that has the world's largest gold reserves.

There are more than 2,500 tribes in Papua and all have different languages, Suntono added.

Papua makes up most of the western half of the island of New Guinea. Papua New Guinea, a separate country, occupies the eastern half.

(Reporting by Telly Nathalia; Writing by Neil Chatterjee; Editing by Nick Macfie)


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Rare Coral Sanctuary Discovered in Virgin Islands

Amanda DeMatto LiveScience.com Yahoo News 24 Jun 10;

A snorkeling scientist has made a surprising discovery of 30 different species of coral tucked away and thriving among the red mangrove roots of Hurricane Hole in the U.S. Virgin Islands.

"I was just amazed at what I found," said Caroline Rogers, a coral reef ecologist with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). "As far as I know right now, the abundance and diversity of corals, the sheer number of different species I found in here, is unique in the Caribbean."
Corals that typically build the structural framework of coral reefs grow in the mangroves in Hurricane Hole. Credit: Caroline Rogers/USGS

The corals appear in a rainbow of colors along with the animals that use them as a habitat, with vibrant magentas, turquoises and neon yellows in profusion throughout the ecosystem.

The discovery of a hidden stash of apparently healthy corals, made in March 2009, is particularly surprising because in 2005, seawater temperatures in the Virgin Islands skyrocketed to the highest on record, and a bout of coral bleaching whitened and weakened many of the coral colonies in the area.

Coral bleaching is spurred by a number of stressors, including temperature fluctuation, ocean acidification, heavy light exposure and other human disturbances, such as overfishing.

This particular event left many of the colonies around the Virgin Islands prone to a disease that eventually destroyed 60 percent of the coral cover in the area. But curiously the corals found in Hurricane Hole were spared from these threats. It's not likely that the corals are simply newer to the neighborhood and arrived after the bleaching episode though.

"Some of these corals are so big that they had to have been growing before 2005," Rogers told OurAmazingPlanet.

Among the more typical coral species in the newfound cache are newer settlers that migrated to the area on the tides as larvae. One of these is rare and a particularly strange find in these 3-foot (1-meter) shallows: The Knobby Cactus Coral, which sports brain-like grooves, is normally found at depths of 40 feet (12 m) or more.

There are several possible reasons why the corals of Hurricane Hole are thriving amid others' devastation. The mangrove canopy shields the corals from excessive light, which Rogers said might help them survive bleaching events. This area also benefits from bans on fishing and waterskiing, which upset the balance of marine ecosystems.

Figuring out what kept these corals intact could help scientists preserve other coral systems under threat. Coral reefs around the world, from elsewhere in the Caribbean to the Great Barrier Reef off the coast of Australia, are being threatened by rising ocean temperatures from global warming as well as other impacts.

The USGS is funding more research so Rogers can explore the peculiarities of Hurricane Hole's mangrove ecosystem and hopefully unearth the secrets to coral survival.


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China to send pregnant pandas into semi-wild areas

Yahoo News 24 Jun 10;

BEIJING (AFP) – Researchers in China plan to send pregnant pandas bred in captivity into the semi-wilderness in an effort to introduce their cubs to a natural environment, state media said Thursday.

Zhang Hemin, head of the Wolong panda reserve in China's southwestern province of Sichuan, said one or two pregnant pandas would be released into a semi-wild area by the end of the year, Xinhua news agency said.

The release area would be fenced but similar to the wilderness, allowing Zhang and his colleagues to monitor the animals, the report said.

"The pandas will give birth in this semi-wild environment and teach their cubs how to forage for food and survive in the wild," he was quoted as saying.

This transitional period would last about two years, and the panda cubs would then be released into wild mountain forests outside the enclosed zone, it said.

Six pregnant pandas have been short-listed for the task, and one or two of them will soon be chosen based on their health, temperament and survival skills, Zhang said.

Veterinarians and other workers who enter the initial enclosed zone will have to meld into the environment to help keep it as wild an experience for the pandas as possible, he added.

"Zoo workers and vets who enter the zone will disguise themselves as pandas by donning a black-and-white fur coat and crawling on the ground."

There are only about 1,590 pandas living in the wild in China, mostly in Sichuan, Shaanxi province in the north and Gansu in the northwest.

At least 180 have been bred in captivity, but their notoriously low libidos have frustrated efforts to boost their numbers.

China has started construction on a research centre in Sichuan that aims to help captive pandas adapt to the wild, but it will not be completed for another three to five years.

China's plan to save the endangered species by releasing captive-bred pandas into the wild began in 2003 with Xiang Xiang, a male cub who was trained to adapt and released into nature in 2006, Xinhua said.

But he was found dead 10 months later, apparently killed by wild pandas native to the area.


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Whales face new threats deadlier than whaling

Tom Pfeiffer Reuters 24 Jun 10;

AGADIR Morocco (Reuters) - More whales are being killed by chemical and noise pollution, entanglement in nets, climate change or collisions with ships than by whaling itself, delegates to the world's main whaling body said this week.

Harpooning whales for their meat and oil pushed many species close to extinction in the last century. Stocks have begun to recover under a moratorium on whaling agreed in 1986, although Japan, Norway and Iceland still hunt the giant mammals.

But climate change now means it is harder for whales to find food, ship collisions are growing, pollution is disrupting their reproduction, and fishing nets can kill or wound them, according to delegates at the International Whaling Commission's (IWC) annual meeting in the Moroccan Atlantic city of Agadir.

"If you put all these threats together, whaling pales in comparison," U.S. IWC Commissioner Monica Medina told Reuters. "These issues are so much more problematic and we really need to change the focus of the Commission onto these things."

A proposal to replace the whaling moratorium with a limited cull failed at the IWC meeting because it was opposed by many anti-whaling nations as well as by Japan, which refused to stop hunting for whales in the southern ocean.

It was seen as the best chance in years for the 88-member IWC to resolve a deadlock that some experts say has diverted energy from other threats to whale conservation.

DANGEROUS SEAS

Marine wildlife experts say growing numbers of whales succumb to "by-catch" -- getting entangled in nets or hooked to fishing lines stretching up to 10 kilometers (6 miles) and known by green campaigners as "curtains of death."

Many of the whales which escape succumb to their injuries months or years later.

Their ability to breed and navigate over huge distances is being disrupted as sonar used for secret military purposes or oil and gas exploration drowns out their calls or deafens them.

Whaling countries say the IWC could be doing a lot more to stop whales being scooped up accidentally by ensuring nets have big holes at their top and can reflect whale navigation sonar. Hooked lines can carry devices to emit warning sounds.

"I think that ... the IWC could at least be more interested in the problem of entanglement and by-catch and be more serious in discussing it," said Lars Walloe, scientific adviser to the government of Norway, one of three remaining whaling nations.

For some observers, the failure of the talks exposed growing contradictions in the IWC, which has no power of enforcement.

Critics say it has failed to stop Japan in particular getting around the moratorium by saying it hunts for research -- even though much of the meat ends up on dinner plates -- and that it has also not tackled the other threats to whales.

"Accidental catches and scientific permits have killed more than 10,000 whales since the moratorium was put in place. What kind of a moratorium is that?" said Monaco IWC Commissioner Frederic Briand.

Nick Gales, who heads Australia's delegation at meetings of the IWC's Scientific Committee, said the organization was already changing, with or without reform.

"A few years ago we were talking about the importance of by-catch and climate change but were entirely embroiled in should you whale or not whale," Gales told Reuters.

"The whaling thing carries on, but there is now huge momentum behind these other things."

(Editing by Alex Lawler)


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Report: Toxins found in whales bode ill for humans

Arthur Max Associated Press Yahoo News 25 Jun 10;

AGADIR, Morocco – Sperm whales feeding even in the most remote reaches of Earth's oceans have built up stunningly high levels of toxic and heavy metals, according to American scientists who say the findings spell danger not only for marine life but for the millions of humans who depend on seafood.

A report released Thursday noted high levels of cadmium, aluminum, chromium, lead, silver, mercury and titanium in tissue samples taken by dart gun from nearly 1,000 whales over five years. From polar areas to equatorial waters, the whales ingested pollutants that may have been produced by humans thousands of miles away, the researchers said.

"These contaminants, I think, are threatening the human food supply. They certainly are threatening the whales and the other animals that live in the ocean," said biologist Roger Payne, founder and president of Ocean Alliance, the research and conservation group that produced the report.

The researchers found mercury as high as 16 parts per million in the whales. Fish high in mercury such as shark and swordfish — the types health experts warn children and pregnant women to avoid — typically have levels of about 1 part per million.

The whales studied averaged 2.4 parts of mercury per million, but the report's authors said their internal organs probably had much higher levels than the skin samples contained.

"The entire ocean life is just loaded with a series of contaminants, most of which have been released by human beings," Payne said in an interview on the sidelines of the International Whaling Commission's annual meeting.

Payne said sperm whales, which occupy the top of the food chain, absorb the contaminants and pass them on to the next generation when a female nurses her calf. "What she's actually doing is dumping her lifetime accumulation of that fat-soluble stuff into her baby," he said, and each generation passes on more to the next.

Ultimately, he said, the contaminants could jeopardize seafood, a primary source of animal protein for 1 billion people.

"You could make a fairly tight argument to say that it is the single greatest health threat that has ever faced the human species. I suspect this will shorten lives, if it turns out that this is what's going on," he said.

Payne called his group's $5 million project the most comprehensive report ever done on ocean pollutants.

U.S. Whaling Commissioner Monica Medina informed the 88 member nations of the whaling commission of the report and urged the commission to conduct further research.

The report "is right on target" for raising issues critical to humans as well as whales, Medina told The Associated Press. "We need to know much more about these problems."

Payne, 75, is best known for his 1968 discovery and recordings of songs by humpback whales, and for finding that some whale species can communicate with each other over thousands of miles.

The 93-foot Odyssey, a sail-and-motor ketch, set out in March 2000 from San Diego to document the oceans' health, collecting pencil-eraser-sized samples using a dart gun that barely made the whales flinch.

After more than five years and 87,000 miles, samples had been taken from 955 whales. The samples were sent for analysis to marine toxicologist John Wise at the University of Southern Maine. DNA was compared to ensure the animals were not tested more than once.

Payne said the original objective of the voyage was to measure chemicals known as persistent organic pollutants, and the study of metals was an afterthought.

The researchers were stunned with the results. "That's where the shocking, sort of jaw-dropping concentrations exist," Payne said.

Though it was impossible to know where the whales had been, Payne said the contamination was embedded in the blubber of males formed in the frigid polar regions, indicating that the animals had ingested the metals far from where they were emitted.

"When you're working with a synthetic chemical which never existed in nature before and you find it in a whale which came from the Arctic or Antarctic, it tells you that was made by people and it got into the whale," he said.

How that happened is unclear, but the contaminants likely were carried by wind or ocean currents, or were eaten by the sperm whales' prey.

Sperm whales are toothed whales that eat all kinds of fish, even sharks. Dozens have been taken by whaling ships in the past decade. Most of the whales hunted by the whaling countries of Japan, Norway and Iceland are minke whales, which are baleen whales that feed largely on tiny krill.

Chromium, an industrial pollutant that causes cancer in humans, was found in all but two of the 361 sperm whale samples that were tested for it. Those findings were published last year in the scientific journal Chemosphere.

"The biggest surprise was chromium," Payne said. "That's an absolute shocker. Nobody was even looking for it."

The corrosion-resistant metal is used in stainless steel, paints, dyes and the tanning of leather. It can cause lung cancer in people who work in industries where it is commonly used, and was the focus of the California environmental lawsuit that gained fame in the movie "Erin Brockovich."

It was impossible to say from the samples whether any of the whales suffered diseases, but Wise found that the concentration of chromium found in whales was several times higher than the level required to kill healthy cells in a Petri dish, Payne said.

He said another surprise was the high concentrations of aluminum, which is used in packaging, cooking pots and water treatment. Its effects are unknown.

The consequences of the metals could be horrific for both whale and man, he said.

"I don't see any future for whale species except extinction," Payne said. "This is not on anybody's radar, no government's radar anywhere, and I think it should be."


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'The Cove": The truth will arrive; better late than never

Oscar-winning "The Cove," about the slaughter of dolphins, will not open this weekend as scheduled, but you will see it soon
Kaori Shoji Japan Times 25 Jun 10;

A Japanese diver who signed up to travel and work aboard a Sea Shepherd (the renowned, independent ocean conservation society) boat told a local magazine that, initially, she was apprehensive because of her nationality. Coming from a nation that does continuous battle with ocean conservationists, she was afraid that whatever contribution she made would be viewed with skepticism by the rest of the crew. (It turned out that she had nothing to fear.)

Since time immemorial the Japanese have taken much from the sea and given precious little in return. The traditional, unspoken attitude is that we're an island nation with few natural resources — the ocean is there to serve and feed us and that pretty much describes its raison d'e^tre.

A case in point are the blowfish restaurants scattered throughout major cities in Japan. These restaurants often display barely alive blowfish crammed in glass tanks of full of gray water.

Putting live fish on display before gutting them, and carrying them to the table isn't uniquely Japanese — the practice is common all over East Asia. Not that this makes the practice any more palatable.

The Japanese Sea Shepherd member is right: Our genes get in the way of trying to do right by the ocean, and the weight of the guilt is almost too much to bear.

"The Cove" (which won an Oscar for Best Documentary last year) raises a giant mirror to the Japanese and invites them to take a good, long look at their reflections. "The Cove" exposes the Japanese mind-set in relation to the sea; a mind-set that has everything to do with profit and economy and so-called cultural traditions, and nothing to do with altruism.

Twenty three thousand dolphins are slaughtered each year in a little town called Taiji in Wakayama Prefecture — a region renowned for its beautiful coastline, warm climate and . . . great seafood.

Dolphins are drawn to the calm waters surrounding the area — and for several generations the fishermen have trapped them in a cove tucked away in a national park, harpooned them, and, as the film has exposed, sold their mercury-infested meat to supermarkets and the companies that supply elementary school lunches.

Speaking from a Japanese point of view, it was rash-inducingly uncomfortable to sit through the 92-minute duration of this film, even if I've never eaten a cetacean in my life. Hidden cameras planted by the film team (including world-class divers and technicians from Industrial Light and Magic) expose the full horror of what actually goes on in the cove, and there are aerial shots of the thick, bloodied water immediately after the killing. "The Cove" reveals Taiji as a veritable Auschwitz for dolphins, and there's no comfort in knowing that elsewhere in the world similar atrocities occur but have not yet been taken to task in film. Dolphin slaughter (though on a much smaller scale than in Taiji) has been a common practice in the Solomon Islands for the last four centuries. Nearly 4,000 seals are clubbed or shot to death in Canada every year. But such facts cannot cancel out the wrenching violence and gaping hypocrisy involved in capturing the dolphins, selling the best-looking ones to buyers or trainers from dolphinariums (the sale process is open to public viewing) and then surreptitiously killing off the rest of them in a nearby cove. Particularly nauseating is the smiling dolphin statue erected just outside the town, letting visitors know they have come to a nice sea resort friendly to marine animals.

Historically speaking, railing against acts of cruelty is something the Japanese have never really been good at. The general belief (especially among the older generation) is that life for the Japanese was always hard and cruel, so there was no reason why it should be different for any other living thing. That belief has been trotted out by some to explain a lot of things (like the atrocities committed in World War II, for example). But at this point in time, that whole rigmarole has worn thin, as "The Cove" so eloquently points out.

There's really no need to consume dolphins for food, or to maintain 50 dolphinariums in this country (which outnumbers the total in the whole of the EU). So why does the capture/slaughter continue? As the film crew helmed by Louis Psihoyos points out, the Japanese market for dolphins is huge — whether it's to make them perform for the benefit of tourists into kawaii (cute) culture, or pack off their meat in white plastic trays labeled "whale kind."

Watching "The Cove," it's plain to see that as long as that market exists, any changes will come at the pace of hungover snails. Hopefully, some of the film's imagery will serve as mega shots of adrenaline. Like the fishermen (their faces mosaic-ed by the Japanese distributors only add to their shiftiness), horrible and terrifying as they close in on the dolphins like a gang of rapists, and in the aftermath, extinguishing the bonfire they've made on the beach with bloodied seawater.

"The Cove" is not a diatribe against the Japanese but having said that it's almost impossible, as a collective populace — not to take this personally. The man-behind- the-project, Ric O'Barry (who used to train dolphins for the hit TV series "Flipper" before dedicating his life to freeing captive dolphins), stresses repeatedly in the film that most Japanese under 60 have never eaten dolphin meat or are aware that any slaughtering is going on, and hopes the movie will jolt the viewers, if not into immediate activity then certainly into awareness.

Until three days ago even that wish was about to be denied — initially slated to open in Tokyo on June 26, screenings of "The Cove" had been canceled after threatening demonstrations by rightwing activists outside the promotion company's offices. The rightwingers claim the film is an attack on Japanese culture by foreigners.

At one point it looked as though a theater release would be postponed indefinitely. But after Herculean efforts on the part of the distributors and publicized protests from Japanese filmmakers including Yoichi Sai, the film opens in Tokyo, Yokohama and Osaka on July 3 before going nationwide. It may burn your eyes and tear at your nerve tendons but a the risk of sounding trite, bearing witness is the very least we can do.


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Why Are Asian Carp So Fearsome?

Karen Rowan LiveScience.com Yahoo News 24 Jun 10;

Invasive Asian carp are inching their way closer to the Great Lakes. Now, one has been found just 6 miles (10 kilometers) from Lake Michigan, according to news reports, and experts worry that they could devastate the ecosystem and fishing industry of the region.

Asian carp wreak havoc with their ravenous appetites, high reproduction rates and their ability to survive predators.

Two species of Asian carp, the bighead and the silver carp, eat plankton voraciously. A fish will eat 5 to10 percent of its body weight a day in plankton - and they can weigh up to 100 pounds (45 kg), said Michael Hoff, a fisheries biologist with the Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS). This is far more than what native fish species eat.

Another species, the grass carp, can eat up to 40 percent of its body weight a day, mostly eating aquatic plants.

Eating constantly

Asian carp have poorly developed stomachs, which are inefficient at breaking down food and obtaining nutrients - and thus the necessary gluttony.

"They have a really primitive digestive system, so they need to eat constantly, Hoff told Life's Little Mysteries.

Because they consume such massive amounts of plankton (a group of tiny free-floating plants and animals) and other organisms, which are the base of the food chain in lakes and rivers, the fish can disrupt the natural flow of nutrients through the ecosystem.

And they have few natural predators. So the fact that they consume so much plankton means much of the sun's energy that those plankton captured during photosynthesis never becomes available to the other organisms in the food chain, Hoff said.

"They are like energy sponges, they consume foods that other species would eat, but nothing eats them. They are energy dead-ends," Hoff said.

The Asian carp's high growth rate and large size keep most enemies away.

By the time any fish reaches a size of around 12 inches (30 cm), it is too big to be eaten by some of the important predator species in rivers and lakes. Because Asian carp reach this size faster than native fish, their young have a better chance of escaping predation than the young of other species, Hoff said.

And predators such as walleye and catfish spend their time near the river bottom, while Asian carp tend to stay near the surface, further reducing the opportunities for predators to feed on them, Hoff said.

The reproductive rate of the carp also sets them ahead of the native species. A single female bighead carp can lay up to 1.9 million eggs in a single year, according to one estimate, Hoff said. Although it is likely that only about 1 percent to 3 percent of these eggs will grow to become adult fish, the numbers are still higher than they are for native species.

How they got here

There are now four species of Asian carp - grass, bighead, silver and black - found in the United States, and they likely first entered the waterways by escaping from fish farms beginning in the early 1960s, said Duane Chapman, research biologist with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS).

Asian grass carp were probably in the waters in the 1960s, and silver carp were caught from the wild throughout the 1970s. In 1981, the first catch of a bighead carp was reported, Chapman said.

The fish were used on fish farms because they are effective at removing algae and other suspended particles from fish ponds.

Large floods struck near the Mississippi in the early 1990s, and many of the catfish farm ponds overflowed, unleashing more Asian carp into the Mississippi. Although this flooding event is often reported as the entrance of carp into the Mississippi, the fish were there long before this, and it isn't likely that these floods contributed to the population signficantly, Chapman said.

By outcompeting other fish for food, the carp have become the most abundant species in some areas of the Mississippi, and have steadily made their way north, according to the EPA. Densities of Asian carp in parts of the Mississippi River are thought to be among the highest in the world, according to the FWS.

The fish are now found in the Mississippi River from Louisiana to Minnesota. They've spread from the Mississippi River into both the Missouri and Ohio Rivers, as far west as South Dakota and as far east as Ohio. They are also found throughout the Illinois River Basin.

The giant fish have the potential to injure boaters - silver carp are startled by motors and react by leaping out of the water, occasionally landing in boats. These leaps could cause human fatalities, according to the FWS.


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African livestock offers 'untapped genetic resource'

Mark Kinver, BBC News 24 Jun 10;

The genetic diversity of Africa's indigenous livestock needs to be tapped before it is lost forever, researchers have warned.

They said native breeds had adapted to tolerate parasites or produce "robust" milk yields in harsh conditions.

Writing in the journal science, they added that these traits had yet to be unlocked by the scientific community.

But indigenous breeds were dying out as farmers switched to "exotic" cattle from developed nations, they observed.

"African cattle are just another species of ruminants in a landscape already full of ruminants, and they have adapted to this environment," explained co-author Olivier Hanotte from the University of Nottingham's Institute of Genetics.

"But rather than unlocking the genetic secrets of these breeds and using what is already there, there is a tendency within sub-Saharan Africa to move across to the highly developed breeds from Europe."

However, the vast majority of "exotic" breeds from Europe were ill-suited to cope with the conditions found in Africa, he added.

Professor Hanotte said one reason was that they were bred to maximise productivity.

"The only way they can survive is if you completely change the production system as well and mimic the systems used in Europe," he told BBC News.

One of the consequences of switching to a European style of farming was that it increased the likelihood of diverting valuable food crops away from human consumption in order to feed the novel livestock.

"In my opinion, this is probably the worst thing that you could do," he warned.
Adapt and survive

Professor Hanotte suggested that some of the adaptations found in sub-Saharan Africa livestock could be of interest to the global agricultural sector.

"This is a very important point," he said. "We have lost, for example, many adaptation traits in European livestock, but it may still be present in Africa.

"A typical example is resistance to gastro-intestinal parasites in small ruminants. This is a world-wide issue that has an economic impact in sheep farming.

"There are a number of ways that you can tackle this, one of which is to use drugs, but some African breeds are actually resistant to these parasites."

He said that indigenous cattle had also adapted over the centuries to cope with a hot, dry climate.

"What we should actually be doing is acknowledging that the (indigenous) animals are living, producing and reproducing.

"And they can provide the genetic material, if we are willing to invest in the genomic tools, to improve the breeds in a sustainable way."

However, genomic research in agriculture was concentrated in the developed world, he observed.

"So this - combined with lack of technical capability and funding in Africa - has led to the lack of research into the continent's indigenous livestock.

"Yet in Europe, we have lost a great majority of livestock's genetic source.

"So the reason why we should tap African livestock genomes is not only for Africa, it is for everyone."


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Offshore wind farms – green energy or biodiversity threat?

IUCN 24 Jun 10;

In the rush to find new sources of energy and reduce our dependency on fossil fuels, offshore wind farms are increasingly seen as an attractive solution, but their potential impact on marine biodiversity should not be overlooked.

Greening blue energy, written in collaboration with E.ON and the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, is the most comprehensive guide to date for assessing the impact of offshore wind energy installations on marine ecosystems and biodiversity. It gives governments, policy makers and industry the tools to enhance the environmental performance of offshore renewable energy.

“Moving away from oil, gas and coal is vital to avoid the worse impacts of climate change, in this context on marine ecosystems,” says Dan Wilhelmsson, Scientific Coordinator at IUCN's Global Marine Programme and first author of the report. “At the same time, we need to make sure that what we call blue energy, which includes the offshore renewable sources, is also green and doesn’t exacerbate existing stresses on the marine environment.”

Offshore wind energy development in the European Union is accelerating and could potentially supply between 12 and 16 percent of the EU’s electricity by 2030, the equivalent of 25,000 wind turbines. Other countries and regions, such as the US, Japan, India and Eastern Africa are also exploring the possibility of adding offshore renewable energy to their energy mix.

Electricity produced from wind farms helps combat climate change by avoiding greenhouse gas emissions and toxic pollutants associated with fossil fuels. Offshore wind farms can also provide advantages for local wildlife through the establishment of 'no fishing zones' and the creation of artificial reefs where marine species can thrive.

But if not properly planned and managed, the installations can adversely affect marine biodiversity. The report highlights issues such as habitat loss for birds and sea creatures, potential collisions with wind turbines, deviation of the migratory routes of birds and whales, noise and electromagnetic disturbance and navigational hazards for ships.

The report reviewed over a thousand scientific sources to provide the most up-to-date knowledge on the possible impacts of offshore wind farms on the marine environment and animals, from the planning phase through to the construction, operation and decommissioning of the farm.

Avoiding sensitive sites, integrating the development of wind farms in marine management decisions, using clever designs and offsetting residual impacts will minimize adverse impacts and maximize the benefits for biodiversity, the report says. It will also help reduce the time spent on consenting processes for wind farm development, which currently takes around five years.

“Continued careful monitoring of offshore wind energy developments and their actual impacts on marine wildlife will be vital to generate reliable data and help ensure that offshore wind energy fulfils its sustainable potential”, says Nadine McCormick, IUCN’s Energy Network Coordinator.

Download the report at http://data.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/edocs/2010-014.pdf


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New York exhibit imagines utopian, green cities in 2030

Karen Matthews, Associated Press Yahoo News 24 Jun 10;

NEW YORK – Imagine no cars — or fewer, anyway.

In New York, a two-mile stretch of the FDR Drive parkway is torn down to open lower Manhattan for parks and plazas, and bicyclists are given their own lane on the Brooklyn Bridge.

An elevated highway in Guangzhou, China, is transformed into a pedestrian promenade, and rooftops are linked by raised walkways and bikeways.

In Jakarta, Indonesia, traditional bike taxis called becaks are re-engineered to be lighter and easier to steer.

The three cities and seven others are featured in an exhibit on environmentally friendly transportation of the future opening Thursday in New York. The exhibit, titled "Our Cities Ourselves," will be at the Center for Architecture in Greenwich Village through Sept. 11 before traveling to the other cities, which include Buenos Aires, Argentina; Budapest, Hungary, and Johannesburg, organizers said.

"We hired 10 architects from cities all over the world to help us imagine what their cities might look like in 2030 if we made the cities more human scale, more environmentally sustainable," said Walter Hook, the executive director of the Institute for Transportation and Development Policy, which organized the exhibit with funding from the San Francisco-based ClimateWorks Foundation.

Hook cradled his bike helmet in one arm as he provided a tour of the exhibit.

"We're essentially trying to send the message that if cities don't move in this direction we're going to be faced with cataclysmic climate change, because in the developing world the use of private automobiles is escalating at double-digit rates," Hook said.

The cities were chosen because Hook and the New York-based ITDP have relationships with them, having helped design bus systems in Jakarta; Mexico City; Ahmedabad, India, and other locales.

The exhibit includes images and 3D models of urban neighborhoods as they are envisioned in 2030 alongside current photos of the same neighborhoods.

In the township of Soweto, in Johannesburg, current photos show low-rise housing and not much else. But the Soweto of 2030 is bustling with markets and public spaces.

"You weren't allowed to open shops, traditionally, under apartheid," Hook said. "So what we've done is we've sort of reimagined it as a kind of new town ... where people could actually work and shop in downtown Soweto."

The model of Guangzhou, also known as Canton, shows a network of rooftop footpaths evoking Dr. Seuss.

"In China, anything's possible," Hook said.

The Utopian vision of lower Manhattan shows pedestrians, bicycles and very few cars. Architect Michael Sorkin, who designed the New York piece of the exhibit, said he thinks it's "completely feasible."

"The streets were laid out by the Dutch in a fundamentally medieval pattern," he said. "They're not made for cars."

In the New York of the 2000s, Mayor Michael Bloomberg has won plaudits from alternative transportation advocates for putting pedestrian plazas in the middle of Times Square, near Broadway theaters, and in Herald Square, where the Macy's flagship department store is located.

Sorkin said his own ideas such as tearing down the lower part of the FDR Drive, which runs along the east side of Manhattan, are equally plausible.

"A year ago nobody thought you could close Broadway," he said. "But suddenly it's closed, and everyone loves it."

"Our Cities Ourselves" travels to Guangzhou after New York. The other cities in the exhibit are Ahmedabad; Budapest; Buenos Aires; Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Jakarta; Johannesburg; Mexico City and Rio de Janeiro.

___

Online:

http://www.ourcitiesourselves.org/


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Overconsumption is costing us the earth and human happiness

Story of Stuff creator Annie Leonard's new book examines the high price of the western world's obession with all things material
Celia Cole guardian.co.uk 21 Jun 10;

If you really want to understand a country, a society, or even a civilization, don't turn to its national museums or government archives. Head to the tip.

According to Annie Leonard – former Greenpeace activist, unwavering optimist and waste obsessive – the tip is akin to society's secret journal. "Stuff" became a fascination for Leonard in her teens, choosing field trips to landfills while at university when she began to question how we came to build an economy based purely on resources.

That was 20 years ago, and a lot has changed. Waste and recycling are now burning policy issues. Forty countries, hundreds of factories and still more landfills later, Leonard worries we have not grasped the fundamental problem with our materials economy. "It is a linear system and we live on a finite planet. You cannot run a linear system on a finite planet indefinitely. Too often the environment is seen as one small piece of the economy. But it's not just one little thing, it's what every single thing in our life depends upon."

In 2007, Leonard tried a novel medium – a YouTube video – to convey the message. The Story of Stuff was a frank and cleverly animated short film telling the story of the American love affair with stuff and how it is quite literally trashing the planet. Three years on and it's a viral online phenomenon; seen by 10 million people in homes and classrooms all over the world. Now she has followed up the video with a book of the same name.

Leonard has surprised many, though, by not actually being against stuff. She isn't even anti-consumption. In fact, she feels lots of people should be consuming more. Just not most of us in the western world who often over-consume.

Consumption can be good, she says. "I don't want to be callous to the people who really do need more stuff".

But consumerism is always bad, adding little to our wellbeing as well as being disastrous for the planet. "[It's] a particular strand of overconsumption, where we purchase things, not to fulfil our basic needs, but to fill some voids about our lives and make social statements about ourselves," she explains.

"It turns out our stuff isn't making us any happier," she argues. Our obsessive relationship with material things is actually jeopardising our relationships, "Which are proven over and over to be the biggest determining factor in our happiness [once our basic needs are met]."

Leonard calls upon wider research to argue the sociological and psychological consequences of our all-consuming epidemic, including that of Tim Kasser and Robert Putman. Kasser identified a connection between an excessively materialistic outlook and increased levels of anxiety and depression, while Putman argues we're paying the ultimate price for our consumeristic tendencies with the loss of friendships, neighbourly support and robust communities. Together they suggest we are witnessing nothing short of the collapse of social fabric across society.

Part of the problem, according to Leonard, is our confused sense of self. We've allowed our citizen self to be dwarfed by a relatively new reflex action – consume, consume, consume. "Our consumer self is so overdeveloped that we spend most of our time there. You see it walking around – we usually interact with others from our consumer self and are most spoken to as our consumer self. The problem is that we are so comfortable there that when we're faced with really big problems [like climate change], we think about what to do as individuals and consumers: 'I should buy this instead of this.'

"If you're going to vote with your dollar that's fine," Leonard says. "But you need to remember that Exxon has a lot more dollars than you. We need to vote with our votes; re-engage with the political process and change the balance of power so that those who are looking out for the wellbeing of the planet dominate, instead of those who are just looking our for the bottom line."

Like George Monbiot, Leonard doesn't think so-called ethical consumption, or greensumption is going to get us out of the problem either. "The real solution is not perfecting your ability to choose the best option, it's getting that product off the shelf," she says. "It's increasingly looking like buying green delays people engaging with the political process."

Leonard's film has its critics. Fox News branded it "full of misleading numbers". And the free market and climate sceptic think tank The Competitive Enterprise Institute, called the project "community college Marxism in a ponytail." But many have found it hard to argue Leonard doesn't live up to her values. At her home in California she and another five families have chosen community over stuff, tearing down the fences between their homes. "Its not a big deal", she says. "We don't have matching clothes and its not like a commune of anything. We are all just regular families in these six houses [who] share things. And we just have so much fun."

The Story of Stuff is about America, but how is the UK faring? Leonard does note some positive differences: the NHS, our liberal political discourse – allowing us to utter the words capitalism and unsustainable in the same large breath, and she likes the fact that washing lines are not a threatened species. One thing that does bug Leonard about this country, though, is our pyromania. Specifically, she's worried about our leaders' love affair with waste incinerators. "It's just so depressing. Incinerators are such a regressive way of dealing with waste materials. We need to promote zero waste as an alternative."

Zero waste is a term that gets thrown around a lot, most recently this week by environment secretary Caroline Spelman. For Leonard, a complete overhaul in our approach involves a real cradle-to-cradle revolution; marrying intelligent design upstream and consumer incentivised recycling and composting downstream.

This may well be one of the answers, and the book provides a few more. But Leonard doesn't pretend to have them all, and she's reluctant to commit to a new economic paradigm, either, because "we haven't invented it yet."

She is sure of one thing though: "Change is inevitable. You can't keep using one and a half planet's worth of resources indefinitely."

Many have argued against the minor details of the book, but few have questioned the fundamental premise that our current use of resources is unsustainable. Even fewer have doubted her optimism. "Environmentalists need to figure out a way of talking about this stuff in a more engaging and inviting way, and that is what I hope I'm doing with this book."


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