Eatery dishing up 220kg monster fish

2m-long grouper caught off Borneo can feed up to 700 people, says chef
Rebecca Lynne Tan Straits Times 17 Jul 10;


The grouper was so heavy, it took five men to lift it out of a van yesterday. Mr Tan (second from left) paid $6,000 for it and he is confident loyal customers will flock to his restaurant in Balestier Road to feast on it. He said: 'A fish this size is a rare treat.' -- ST PHOTO: MUGILAN RAJASEGERAN

CUSTOMERS at a small Chinese restaurant in Balestier Road will soon be dining on a rare catch - a giant grouper that tips the scales at 220kg.

The chef-owner of Second Kitchen, Mr Johnny Tan, paid $6,000 for the blackfin Queensland grouper, which was caught off Borneo early on Thursday morning.

And he has plans to cook all of it, from head to tail. Fins, scales, gills - the lot.

The gargantuan fish has a girth of 1.52m, and at 2.01m in length, is just 30cm shorter than basketball star Yao Ming.

The fish was air-flown from Sabah yesterday morning and taken to the restaurant in the afternoon, where it took five men to lift it out of the van and onto a table.

Bangladeshi businessman M. Shahjahan Hafiz, 58, who was passing by, stood gobsmacked as he watched the enormous fish being hoisted out of the van.

He said: 'I've never seen anything like this - it is taller than me.'

Mr Tan, who also owns Grand Atlantis Seafood Restaurant at Marina Country Club in Punggol, said getting hold of a grouper weighing more than 100kg is uncommon, although three weeks ago, he bought a 150kg specimen for $3,000 and sold all of it within three days.

He is confident this giant will sell just as fast.

'I have a lot of loyal customers who enjoy grouper. Once I tell them it is here, it will sell in no time,' he said in Mandarin.

His heart skipped a beat when he received a phone call in the wee hours of Thursday morning from a fisherman informing him of the gigantic catch. He agreed to buy it without any hesitation.

A fish this size can feed up to 700 people, he estimated, with restaurant prices starting from $60 per kilogram.

The meat of a giant grouper caught in the wild is chewy, yet tender, while the meat of one bred in captivity is often softer in texture, said Mr Wei Han-hsin, 54, who has been breeding grouper for the past 20 years in Taiwan. He also owns a 3,000 sq ft grouper farm in Pasir Ris.

He reckons this fish is about seven years old.

The most sought-after parts include the eyes, throat and dorsal fin. The skin is also highly prized because of its thick and dense layer of fatty collagen.

The eyeballs, a popular Chinese delicacy, weigh about 3kg each and can serve 10. The dish will set diners back $400.

The restaurant usually serves groupers of 40kg to 50kg, which can provide more than 100 servings.

Mr Tan said: 'I have seen only eight or nine groupers that weigh more than 100kg in the past 20 years since I opened my restaurant in Bishan in 1990.

'A fish this size is a rare treat.'

Straits Times 17 Jul 10;

NO PART of the giant fish will go to waste, says Mr Johnny Tan, the chef-owner of Chinese restaurant Second Kitchen in Balestier Road.

He plans to cook everything, from the grouper's lips and eyes to its fins and throat. Prices start at $10 a serving, depending on the section of the fish.

# Eyeballs

Quantity available: Two

Weight: About 3kg each

Price: $400 each

What: Each eyeball is about the size of a football and is double-boiled for three hours with orange cordyceps, then served in a light broth.

# Lips and mouth

Quantity available: About 12 servings

Price: $120 per kg

What: These are stewed in a claypot with garlic, spring onions and chilli.

# Throat

Quantity available: One

Weight: 1kg

Price: $300

What: This part is sought after for its full flavour and firm texture. It is boiled and simmered with mushrooms.

# Scales and bones

Quantity available: About 50 servings

Price: $20 for a two-person serving

What: The scales and bones are simmered for 36 hours in a secret blend of herbs and spices.

# Abdomen

Quantity available: 12 servings

Price: $14 for a one-person serving

What: The meat from the abdomen area is fried, then simmered for 30 minutes before it is tossed in a sauce made with chicken stock and oyster sauce.

# Fins

Quantity available: About 20 servings

Price: $45 for a two-person serving

What: The fins are simmered for 30 minutes with garlic, spring onions, ginger, chilli and other fresh herbs.

# Fish meat

Quantity available: Over 400 servings

Price: $30 for a four-person serving

What: The fish is steamed Cantonese-style with soya sauce. Diners can also opt for a plate of fish hor fun, which costs $10 a serving.


- ST PHOTO: MUGILAN RAJASEGERAN

FISH breeder Wei Han-Hsin, 54, found himself a good 40cm shorter than this Queensland grouper caught off Sabah. It was 2.01m long, with a circumference of 1.52m round its belly and weighed 220kg. Every part of it will be on the menu at a Balestier Road restaurant. Chef-owner Johnny Tan paid $6,000 for the giant, and expects his loyal customers to slurp up stewed fish lips, eyeballs in broth, scales simmered in herbs and spices, and much more.






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Early morning heavy rain causes flash floods in hotspots of Singapore

Hetty Musfirah Channel NewsAsia 17 Jul 10;

SINGAPORE: Heavy and intense rain on Saturday morning caused flash floods in parts of Singapore, leaving a trail of damage and disruption.

The floods were mainly in the hotspots in the eastern and central parts.

The National Environment Agency's Meteorological Services said the downpour was caused by unstable weather conditions in the region, partly brought on by Typhoon Conson.

Hours after the skies opened at about 4.40am, the damage was clear.

Traffic was affected, with congestion reported along several roads, like Braddell and Uppper Thomson Road.

Vehicles broke down while public buses went off-service.

The National Water Agency, PUB said during the two-hour downpour, some 178.4mm of rain was recorded in the central areas of Singapore while 179.6 mm of rain was recorded in the eastern areas.

That's more than the average total monthly rainfall of about 159 millimetres for July.
The downpour also brought down trees.

About 60 people who were stranded were evacuated from about 20 locations islandwide.

These include Bukit Timah Road (between Wilby Road and Maple Avenue), Jalan Haji Alias, Newton Circus, junction of Kampung Ampat and MacPherson Road, Poole Road, Jalan Taman (in St Michael's Estate), Telok Kurau and some parts of Orchard Road.

In some areas, the water was knee-high, subsiding only after 30 minutes.

Some residents along Carlisle Road said they were taken aback by the flash floods.

One resident, Jeraldine Lee said: “I woke up early in the morning and the water was everywhere. Water in front of the porch area and the water was covering half of my wheel, and I had to move my vehicle backwards a little just to make sure that no water got in.

Another resident Rosalyn Lazar said: “We have been sitting in the car until 8.25am, waiting for someone to come and help us and the water came into the car.

“The water outside was more than in the car so I could not open the door. Luckily, the windows were opened, before the engine died. Who do I call? Who do we call in such an emergency? I just felt so powerless.”

It was a similar situation over at Goodman Road, near Tanjong Katong.

Residents woke up to find car seats soaked and engines stalled.

Some waited for hours before their cars can be towed to drier ground.

Others said the flood water also knocked out power supply.

Andy Lee, resident at Goodman Road, said: “The power in the house went out. The water level reached a certain level and then tripped the power.”

Police were called in to assist at this residence.

Suzanna Chuang, resident at Goodman Road, said: "I was shocked because I have never seen so much water in the house before. Even the carpark area was flooded."

The authorities said more showers with thunder can be expected over the next few days.
PUB, Traffic Police and SCDF officers were onsite to render assistance.

PUB said its field teams and contractors have been helping residents and building management to pump out flood waters from their premises.

The gates at Marina Barrage were opened to maintain the water level at Marina Reservoir within the normal range.

PUB has advised the public to be careful as flash floods may occur in the event of heavy storms and to report any obstruction in drains or to check the flood situation.

The public can also call PUB's 24-hour Call Centre at 1800-284 6600.

The public can obtain the latest weather reports, including heavy rain warnings, by tuning in to radio broadcasts, calling NEA's weather forecast hotline at 6542 7788, visiting the NEA website or accessing Weather@SG. - CNA/vm

Flash floods in low-lying areas of Singapore receded: SCDF
Shaffiq Alkhatib Channel NewsAsia 17 Jul 10;

SINGAPORE: The Singapore Civil Defence Force says the flash floods at all affected areas have receded.

There were flash floods in several low-lying areas in Singapore as a result of heavy rain this morning.

SCDF officers evacuated some 60 people in about 20 different locations islandwide.

They include Changi Road, Telok Kurau, Bukit Timah and Chai Chee.

Most of those who were evacuated had called the authorities for assistance as they were trapped in their vehicles due to the rising flood water.

Earlier, callers contacted the MediaCorp Hotline, saying several low-lying shop houses along Changi Road and Telok Kurau were flooded.

Floods were also reported along Braddell Road, Bukit Timah and Chai Chee.

At Upper Thomson Road, Singapore Civil Defence Officers helped evacuate 20 passengers stranded from inside an SBS bus due to the flooding.

Several passengers also had to be evacuated from another bus along Bukit Timah Road.

MediaCorp understands several drivers were also stranded in their vehicles until Civil Defence officers arrived.

One caller said a fallen tree along Dorset Road caused heavy traffic congestion.

The meteorological services earlier said heavy showers with thunder and gusty winds were expected over many areas in Singapore between 6am and 7am on Saturday.

- CNA/de/jm

Floods hit Singapore again
Bryan Huang Straits Times 17 Jul 10;

HEAVY rains lashed Singapore early on Saturday morning, uprooting trees and causing flash floods in many area.

The affected areas included Braddell Road, Changi Road and Bukit Timah, where rising floodwaters stranded several drivers in their vehicles.

At the Tessarina Condo in Bukit Timah area, waters rose to knee-high, flooding the basement carpark. Some cars were almost submerged in water, prompting frantic residents to move them out to drier grounds.

Straitstimes.com reader Jerry Chan said the flooding was 'chaotic' and it was the third time in seven months, not 'once in 50 years as suggested'.

Singapore Civil Defence Force personnel also evacuated 60 people in 20 different places, including passengers who were stuck in an SBS bus along Upper Thomson Road.

There were also reports of a fallen tree along Dorset Road, which was causing traffic congestion.

Along Upper Thomson Road, shops were reported to be badly damaged, with huge fridges overturned and smashed.

There were also reports of a flooded carpark at the Delfi Orchard, which was hit by the worst flooding in 26 years in June just less than a month ago.

Parts of Kallang and Tanjong Katong were also flooded.

Ms Grace Loh, a resident of Tanjong Katong, sent pictures of her flooded home, which she called a 'shocking sight'.

Said Ms Loh: 'The flood today seems worse than what I experienced as a child in the 1980s!'

Delfi flooded again
Bryan Huang Straits Times 17 Jul 10;

AFTER being hit by the worst flooding in 26 years last month, Delfi Orchard was again flooded on Saturday morning.

A tenant of the building, Ms Shanta Sundarason, said she arrived to work to find the basement three carpark flooded with 'waist-deep' waters.

Ms Sundarason also told straitstimes.com that tenants at Orchard Towers and Palais Renaissance were 'also mopping up after the waters gushed in'.

'So much for the 'once in 50 years Freak Flood' along Orchard Road,' said Ms Sundarason.

'It would be nice for the problem to be addressed and dealt with, rather than a sweeping statement from the ministry,' she added.

In the June floods, shoppers in the prime Orchard Road area around Scotts Road had to wade to safety through swirling brown water the colour of milk tea, when heavy rain caused a huge flood. One of the worst-hit places was Liat Towers, where a new branch of Wendy's burger restaurant had opened just three days before. The restaurant had to close as $500,000 worth of furnishings and equipment was damaged by waist-high floodwaters.

Authorities later found that a drain the width of a bus near Delfi Orchard was so choked with leaves that it triggered a run-off enough to fill 20 Olympic-size swimming pools. The run-off gushed into basement shops and carparks in Liat Towers, Lucky Plaza, Delfi Orchard and Tong Building.

Losses along the shopping belt were estimated to be more than $10 million.

Heavy rain lashed Singapore early on Saturday morning, with flash floods reported in several other areas including Bukit Timah, Katong and Changi.

Businesses at Newton, Orchard Road area affected due to flash floods
Dylan Loh Channel NewsAsia 17 Jul 10;

SINGAPORE: It looks like money down the drain again for retailers at Lucky Plaza. About a month after the massive Orchard Road flood, the watery mess returns.

One owner of a shop at Lucky Plaza is a victim of yet another flood. The owner is not happy because renovations were recently completed and as a result of this, business has to stop.

Christina Lim, shop owner, Singapore Gift Centre, said: "This is very bad. I feel that the management should do something about it because this is not the first time. It happens almost every year."

It's a similar story nearby at Liat Towers.

Ng Thian Chin said: "When I came here in the morning at about 6am, the water level was very high.”

It was the same case at the yet-to-be-opened Wendy's restaurant just around the corner which was badly hit by massive flooding in Orchard Road last month.

It seems like the eatery won't be commencing business anytime soon.

Over at Newton Circus, police were managing traffic congestion as a result of flooding.

Singapore's Civil Defence Force managed to rescue those trapped in broken down vehicles. - CNA/vm

Wet start to weekend
Heavy rain partly caused by Typhoon Conson batters central, eastern S'pore
Serene Goh and Jamie Ee Wen Wei Straits Times 18 Jul 10;

The start of the weekend was ruined for Singaporeans living in low-lying parts of the country, who woke up surrounded by rainwater.

They found themselves up to waist-deep in water, the result of a downpour that began at dawn and persisted for hours until it flooded homes, shops and basement carparks.

Yesterday's storm battered the central and eastern parts of Singapore with nearly twice the force of last month's two storms, dumping between 178.4mm and 179.6mm of rainfall in just two hours over these areas.

The heaviest rainfall was between 4.40am and 6.40am, with showers easing only at about 7am.

Singapore Civil Defence Force officers were busy freeing motorists and passengers - 59 of them - stuck in cars and buses.

The usual 'hot spots' - Bukit Timah, Upper Thomson and Telok Kurau - were again awash with water, although there have been recent and ongoing efforts to improve drainage there.

Residents in Opera Estate, where a flood last took place about 10 years ago, spent their morning bailing out water from their homes and rescuing furniture.

Nicoll Highway had to be closed for 21/2 hours after a yellow flame tree fell onto the road, hitting a taxi. No one was injured.

Orchard Road, the scene of watery chaos on June 16, was less affected this time with only ankle- deep water sweeping through the Liat Towers basement.

But this flash flood, the third in a month, is trying the patience of the people affected, especially those who lost property and business in the previous floods.

Again, questions were raised about the cause of the flooding, and what the PUB was doing to alleviate the problem.

Mr Ethan Li, 27, whose chicken rice shop in Upper Thomson Road was flooded, said: 'Last month, the water level tipped over the kerb. I took it as a freak occurrence. But it's happened again and I intend to find out why.'

In a statement yesterday, the PUB said it would implement drainage improvement works in the Bukit Timah Canal between Wilby Road and Maple Avenue. It added that works were already under way at Jalan Haji Alias in Bukit Timah.

As for Marina Barrage, the gates had been opened to alleviate flooding.

The downpour was caused by the region's unstable weather, partly a fallout of Typhoon Conson, which has ravaged the Philippines and the south-eastern Chinese island of Hainan.

Unlike the June 25 storm, which was caused by a Sumatra squall, Conson's outer rain bands whipped up winds as it moved over the South China Sea, causing a flux of moisture and heat rising from the sea. This destabilises the atmosphere and eventually causes rain, explained Nanyang Technological University's climate expert Koh Tieh Yong.

While higher rainfall may be expected this year - as the region experiences the generally wet La Nina climate phenomenon - he expects the typhoon to dissipate after it lands in Vietnam.

The National Environment Agency's Meteorological Services Division's three-day outlook predicts late morning and early afternoon showers with thunder tomorrow and morning showers with thunder on Tuesday.

Until the storm clouds pass, living with volatile weather will mean making contingency plans for outdoor events.

Among the events cancelled yesterday was The Straits Times Paper Chase, a 5km run that was to be held at East Coast Park.

Organisers cancelled the inter- school event to keep its student participants out of harm's way.

Singapore's capacity to cope with heavy rainfall is likely to feature prominently in tomorrow's sitting of Parliament, as eight MPs have tabled questions for the Government to answer.

Homeowners' BIG CLEAN-UP
Muddy water ruins furniture and important documents
Serene Luo Straits Times 18 Jul 10;

Residents in Opera Estate thought they were safe from floods.

For almost 10 years since a $31-million drainage system was completed to channel away rainwater in the neighbourhood, the residents in the traditionally flood-prone area had been dry.

But they woke up yesterday to find themselves in the soup - a muddy, teh tarik-coloured concoction of leaves, rubbish and sandy rainwater that gushed into their homes.

Neighbours screamed through partitions between houses at one another to raise the alert about the waters that went up to 38cm high at some spots, while trash bins, buckets and shoes went floating down the road.

Long-time residents said it was the worst flood they have seen since the 1960s.

Two rows of families in Norma Terrace and Rienzi Street were the worst hit, with many saying their refrigerators, washing machines and other home appliances had short-circuited, and that the power in their homes had gone out.

When The Sunday Times visited, housewife Fazidah Jurimi, 39, was busy ripping open cardboard boxes and washing their contents.

The family of four was due to move out in three weeks, and had been packing their belongings into cardboard boxes, which had turned soggy in the flood and given way.

'It's now Operation Salvage,' she said.

'My new sofa that arrived two weeks ago and is still in the box is ruined. Two of my cats have now jumped onto the bed to stay dry. One of them must have run out to look for dry ground and is still missing.'

She added wryly that her next home would be in Bedok Reservoir - and on the ninth floor.

Other personal belongings destroyed included educational certificates, passports, doctor's letters and documents that residents stored in boxes under their beds, or laptops or music players that were left to charge for the night on the floor.

Said Mr Zeus Alvarico, 40: 'Even my marriage certificate was washed away when the water suddenly flowed in at around 7am, so technically, I'm now single.'

Several wondered if the Opera Estate pumping station, which is supposed to help drain away any excess rainwater, was working.

Over at Jalan Ma'mor in Balestier, resident Lester Tan, 42, had hired professional cleaners for his home.

'Everything was covered in mud. We threw out 15 to 20 pails of water. The parquet flooring is completely damaged, and a fish from the pond even made its way to the living room,' he said.

The area's town council had also sent some cleaners to the neighbourhood to help residents.

But this is the third time flooding has taken place since last month, said resident Devon Yeon, 43. 'What if it rains again tomorrow? It's not just about throwing my damaged furniture out, it's also about the time and effort that has to go into cleaning up,' he said.

A few Bukit Timah landed homes were also affected, namely those around Coronation and King's Roads, but to a lesser extent. Residents reported water entering their porches or gardens, but water stayed out of their houses.

Businesses COUNT LOSSES
Restaurant supplies soaked, live fish float away, goods damaged
Melissa Pang and Amanda Tan Straits Times 18 Jul 10;

From flipping pratas and waiting at tables, staff at The Prata House in Upper Thomson Road took to taking care of customers instead early yesterday morning.

Staff at the 24-hour eatery said the rain started at about 4.30am, and reached thigh-high level in half an hour. Up to 50 customers were stranded in the shop, as flood waters swirled around them.

'It's the worst flood in our 18 years of business. Three of our refrigerators toppled over. Forty bags of flour got wet, and 1,000 eggs were broken or floated away,' said Mr Ikbal Mohamed Ali, 55, the owner.

Nearby, Mr Gerald Chua, 34, who worked the night shift at 7-Eleven, leapt onto a counter to escape the water.

'The chillers were floating outside and cars were swinging sideways. I jumped onto the 4-D counter as I was afraid there would be electricity in the water.'

So great was the water pressure that the shutters to a few shops were badly bent and could not be opened.

More damage lay behind the closed doors.

Owner Siew Tat Boon, 49, of dim sum restaurant Hua Nam showed The Sunday Times trays of soaked glutinous rice, a damaged meat grinder machine and an empty pot that used to hold eight live snakehead fish, all of which got away during the flood.

Five Star Hainanese Chicken Rice owner Ethan Li said six refrigerators, costing over $25,000, had toppled over.

At The Famous Kitchen, the damage extended beyond its Upper Thomson outlet. As this housed its central kitchen, it was unable to prepare the supply of braised meats to its four other shops at various locations.

Owner Jeffrey Foo, 49, said 16 fish and 40 crabs got away: 'Perhaps someone will be lucky enough to find them.'

Even the post office, which is a street away from the shophouses, was not spared.

Its fleet of about 60 scooters was submerged in up to 40cm of water, and technicians had to be called in to examine the vehicles. Some mail and merchandise was also damaged.

A spokesman for SingPost said it was optimistic that it will resume operations tomorrow.

While it was the first time the post office was hit by a flood, businesses at the shophouses experienced slight flooding last month. Then, water levels reached up to the ankles for some.

It was a similar story over in the east side of Singapore, which, according to the PUB, is a hot spot for floods.

Madam Karen Ong, owner of Home Plus 2000 in Changi Road, estimates her losses to be about $100,000 in damaged household fittings such as taps and kitchen sinks.

The June 25 flood was not as severe, she said, and she was set back by about $1,000.

Mr Kazem Fadakar, 46, knows her pain only too well. That day, he lost $300,000 when water seeped into his shop and destroyed the hand-made Iranian carpets that he sells. Now, he estimates another $50,000 has been lost in yesterday's flood.

It could have been more. But after the previous flood, some of the carpets had been moved to higher levels.

Cars and carparks SUBMERGED
Cluny Court basement and Bukit Timah condo carparks fill with water after heavy downpour
Bryan Toh Straits Times 18 Jul 10;

Cluny Court has a two-storey basement carpark, and both levels were flooded yesterday. As luck would have it, there was only one car parked there as the four-storey- high building consists of mostly shop units and it was early in the morning.

Mr Johann Soh, 33, a tenant since last December and the franchisee of Marble Slab Creamery on the first floor, said the previous flood on June 16 was limited to the lower basement and subsided rapidly.

But this time, it will take at least 10 pumps working and at least a day to get the carpark cleared of water, said Mr Peter Teo, a coordinator from E-tech Building Services.

Only then can other problems be fixed, like the power breakdown.

In Bukit Timah, the condominiums Gentle Reflections and Tessarina also had their carparks flooded.

A Tessarina resident, who wanted to be known only as Mrs Ho, said that she had two cars trapped in the carpark.

Mr Christopher de Souza, an MP for Holland-Bukit Timah GRC, said a flood alarm in the Tessarina carpark went off some time around dawn after the deluge started at 4.30am.

But there was not enough time for residents to get their cars out.

He said: 'Everyone was asleep... The downpour was so great, the water flow so rapid, that they could not do much.'

He added that PUB officials had met residents of the Tessarina condominium in Wilby Road yesterday afternoon and left them a list of crest protection measures to consider.

Crests are a physical structure built on the ground level, so water will not flow into basements. It means people will have to climb a few steps before going down into a building.

PUB also said it would soon complete the widening of a drain near the property after working on it for over a month, and that it should alleviate the flooding problem somewhat.

Yesterday's rain did not spare cars on the road as well.

Service centres for auto brands Nissan, Honda and Toyota reported a significant number of car repair cases resulting from flood water damage.

One car owner, who lives in King's Road and wanted to be known only as Mr Lim, is furious.

'I just spent $40,000 sending my Porsche for repairs, and now because the floodwaters seeped into it, it can't move and I have to send it for repairs again.'

Covered drains a problem?
Straits Times 18 Jul 10;

The road in front of the shophouses along Upper Thomson Road was elevated, and its drains were covered late last year to improve the drainage system.

Shop owners in Changi Road, where waters rose to calf-level yesterday morning, said a covered drain was widened just a few weeks ago. Yet, it did not help matters in yesterday's flood.

Dr Kartika Hanafi-Tay, 39, a general practitioner at The Flame Tree Medical Centre, said: 'In the past, it rained like this and we never had a problem. I noticed that after the road works were done, the drains haven't been draining well.'

Asked if the covered drains were a problem, PUB said they were part of the Estate Upgrading Programme and the drains have been widened to ensure they can take the same capacity as before.

Ms Lee Bee Wah, deputy chairman of the Government Parliamentary Committee for National Development and the Environment and a civil engineer by training, said open drains are more practical because they allow water to flow into them faster.

But she acknowledged that in land-scarce Singapore, closed ones could help double as walkways, for example.

Mr Hri Kumar Nair, an MP for Bishan-Toa Payoh GRC, said the road improvement works at the front of the Upper Thomson Road shophouses were done to minimise flooding and to improve road conditions.

He added: 'Preliminary work is being done to increase the outflow of water. The outflow drains are near the Marymount Circle Line station so it has to be done carefully. PUB is engaging consultants to do it properly, but the process has already started.'


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Singapore, world's most modern city by 2030

Only electric cars on the roads? HDB estates powered by biogas? Steffen Lehmann thinks it's possible
Paul Gilfeather Today Online 17 Jul 10;

Singapore could become the world's most modern city within 20 years, says the man whose vision for future living offers a blueprint for governments around the world.

That's an encouraging view but a fascinating challenge at the same time from Professor Steffen Lehmann, the United Nations' resident chair on Sustainable Urban Development for Asia and the Pacific, and considered the world's leading expert on urbanisation.

The German-born architect isn't just giving some flattering prognostication as an outsider. He has been a regular visitor to the Republic over the past 10 years and last year actually lived here for four months while a visiting professor at the National University of Singapore.

So he can tell you, from first-hand experience, what he thinks needs to be improved.

"The way some parts of Singapore are designed at the moment is totally unacceptable. Some of the underpass walkways are a maze and there is a lack of proper pedestrian connectivity. If you think about the underground walkway beneath the Marriott Hotel on Orchard Road, it is terribly designed. When you go down there you are not sure where you are going to surface," he said in a phone interview from his home in Sydney.

To be a truly modern city, he feels, "there has to be proper public space for the pedestrian and Singapore has to give more respect to the cyclist".

Another bugbear with Prof Lehmann: The city's apparent obsession with the car. That is a sentiment I can identify with. On arriving here 18 months ago, the sheer number of cars on the roads here was one of the first problems I encountered, and I continue to be frustrated by the regular traffic build-up.

Now to truly be radical, Singapore, Prof Lehmann suggests, could become the world's first city to scrap the car combustion engine. I feel we might be moving into the realm of fantasy but he is convinced this is an achievable target.

Said Prof Lehmann: "If Singapore starts creating the infrastructure for electric cars now, in terms of charging points around the city, it could become the first 100-per-cent electric mobile city in the world."

A consultant adviser to the Urban Redevelopment Authority and the National Environment Agency, he believes the Government is open to this idea.

An Electric Vehicle Taskforce chaired by the Energy Market Authority and the Land Transport Authority is spearheading national test-bedding efforts this year. Fifty Mitsubishi I-MiEV electric cars are being brought in for the project and earlier this year, proposals were sought from vendors for an island-wide network of up to 63 charging stations.

FROM TREE CLIPPINGS TO ELECTRICITY

To Prof Lehmann, being a modern city has little to do with the fact that four-fifths of the Republic has been built within the last 25 years. While this means urban renewal isn't an issue here as it is in many countries, Singapore "does face other challenges if it is to become the most modern city in the world".

Indeed, the most effective cities of tomorrow will be those to have tackled the problem of renewable energy solutions and efficiency.

For instance, he is urging the authorities here to look to solar energy and bio-gas as alternatives. He hopes Singapore will roll out as many as 20 new bio-gas plants in the coming years.

"A lot of European cities are using bio-gas," he explained. "There is no wind in Singapore so you do not have that as an option to create power. Bio-gas is the obvious alternative.

"In Singapore there is a lot of vegetation and this can be used for creating bio-gas. You take tree clippings and create manure which powers turbines for heat and electricity. At the moment there is just one plant here but there should be as many as 20, powering HDB areas all over the island."

This move, he says, should be coupled with the creation of a smart grid system for distributing energy. The smart grid draws power from alternative sources, stores what is not used during the day, then redistributes it after sunset.

He is also all for "green-roof" gardens that the authorities are encouraging to help cool concrete structures in these tropical temperatures, as an alternative to air-conditioning.

Waste management is another area of concern and Prof Lehmann feels recycling has been slow to take off in a country with a consumption appetite bigger than that of Seoul or Tokyo per head of population. Singapore, he says, has a 50-per-cent recycling rate and this needs to grow to 80 per cent if we are to see a difference.

URBAN 'DISNEYLAND' DANGER

Prof Lehmann cut his teeth as a young architect in Berlin after the wall came down in 1989. His competition-winning designs feature prominently in the new Berlin, now one of the world's most modern cities.

So it is interesting when he says that rather than produce a series of spectacular building designs, architects in Singapore need to go in a totally different direction.

He has advised leaders here to focus on "architectural normality". If the city continues to house one spectacular building after another it is in danger of becoming an urban "Disneyland".

"Singapore does not need yet another architectural highlight. It has so many spectacular buildings already," he said. "The next generation of buildings have to be more modest and appropriate. Cities of the future will find the perfect blend of architectural highlights and normality."

In all, he says, if the Republic embraces such changes to "future proof" itself, it could "easily lead the world in terms of being a true modern city".

"Luckily, Singapore has some seriously talented people at the forefront of this process," said an optimistic Prof Lehmann.

The writer is the principal correspondent with Today.


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Singapore to develop 'future' power grid

Experimental energy grid on Jurong Island a 'living lab' for research on new technologies
Robin Chan Straits Times 17 Jul 10;

THE world's largest experimental energy grid, and the first in South-east Asia, is being developed on Jurong Island.

The $38 million venture aims to make Singapore a 'living laboratory' where firms from around the world can develop, test-bed and implement potentially lucrative new energy technologies.

For instance, research done there could mean future power grids will be able to take energy from alternative sources such as solar cells and wind turbines.

And owners of electric cars of the future could be able to sell any surplus energy back to these power grids.

The venture is being led by A*Star's Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences (Ices), which will form partnerships with companies to develop these 'smart' power grids of the future.

Yesterday, local companies SP PowerGrid and CEI Contract Manufacturing signed formal agreements to work at the centre, while engine maker Rolls-Royce and wind turbine giant, Vestas, signed letters of intent for future collaboration.

The new Experimental Power Grid Centre (EPGC) will consist of a 0.47ha research facility on Jurong Island, set to be ready in the second half of next year, and a remote command and control centre at Fusionopolis - already up and running - for energy simulations.

The centre will employ 20 to 25 people, including 15 PhD holders and researchers.

A*Star hopes to have 10 large companies working in partnership with the new centre by the time it is up and running, said Prof Low Teck Seng, deputy managing director for research at A*Star.

Ministry of Trade and Industry Permanent Secretary Ravi Menon said many grids around the world are not equipped for new demands being placed on them.

These demands include integrating renewable energy sources, the rising use of different sources of power in the chemicals and pharmaceuticals sectors, and consumer demand for more information, choice and control in their energy use.

'Meeting these demands will require new technologies and system-level solutions,' said Mr Menon, guest of honour at the groundbreaking ceremony.

The facility is to be built for $25 million by a Meiden Singapore-led consortium at the Ices premises on Jurong Island.

It will have a one megawatt capacity, making it the world's largest such experimental power grid centre. Similar research centres, mainly in the United States, Europe and Japan, have capacities of about half that - less than 550kw.

One megawatt of electricity can power 1-1/2 or two HDB blocks, said SP PowerGrid's deputy managing director of planning and strategy, Mr Jimmy Khoo.

Dr Keith Carpenter, Ices executive director, said the grid needed this large capacity. 'If you are looking at a (power) system to feed a region or a housing estate, then you're talking about this sort of scale. So if we want the research to be valid in that environment, we have to have the capability to go to this level.'

Its scale will also allow for a larger variety of sources to be put into a power grid.

But rather than focusing on the size, the centre's unique feature is its flexibility, said Associate Professor Ashwin Khambadkone, its programme director.

'Emulators' there will be able to mimic other energy sources such as wind turbines and solar panels. Eventually, the facility should be able to emulate any grid, from Japan to the US, Prof Ashwin said.

Dr Carpenter said developing a flexible system on a significant scale meant it could become a leader within five years.

Initial project funding is coming from the Government's Reinvestment Fund. After that, funding will come from A*Star's research funds, said Prof Low.

The initial sponsors are four government agencies: the Economic Development Board, the Energy Market Authority, JTC Corp and the National Environment Agency.

'We think that the EPGC provides a unique platform for the industry as we address next generation technologies, and we are hoping that it will be a beachhead for them to tap into other resources we have in A*Star,' said Prof Low.

'What we hope we will achieve is a contribution to developing Singapore as a living lab for companies that hope to experiment with and develop new technologies that could see applications in the new economies of the future.'

Singapore builds another pillar in bid to be smart energy economy
Ronnie Lim Business Times 17 Jul 10;

SINGAPORE is installing another key pillar in its bid to be a smart energy economy, that is, one that is resilient, sustainable and innovative in energy use.

The Experimental Power Grid Centre (EPGC), that will cost an initial $38 million and is due to start up in the second half of 2011, will support R&D on new energy concepts with industry partners. It will help support prototype, experimental test-bed projects like the micro-grid using renewables like sun, wind and waste energy on Pulau Ubin, as well as first-adoption, 'live' tests including those on electric vehicles and smart electricity meters here.

The plan is that the whole-of-government approach to develop technology for a 'smart' grid here - which can for instance, allow owners of electric cars or buildings with solar panels to sell electricity back to the power grid - can also be scaled up and commercialised for global markets in future.

The EPGC - being built next to, and leveraging on resources at the Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences (ICES) on Jurong Island - 'represents a next milestone in our blossoming energy research, development and demonstration landscape', Ravi Menon, permanent secretary for the Trade and Industry Ministry said at its groundbreaking yesterday.

As the Agency for Science, Technology and Research's dedicated centre for energy research, EPGC will undertake R&D for intelligent and decentralised power distribution, interconnection and use. It will complement other agencies in attracting new companies to invest here in areas related to smart grids and distributed generation, he added.

Industry partnerships - like those signed with SP PowerGrid and CEI Contract Manufacturing (covering mobile solar technology) - will be a key focus of EPGC. Two others, Vestas (already committed to a $500 million wind research centre here) and Rolls Royce (aerospace and ships) also signed letters of intent.

'EPGC's focus on R&D of new technologies and commercialisation will help stimulate new investments through project and joint collaboration activities. Industry partners and research institutions will be able to use this facility to develop and verify new technologies in intelligent grids, integration of renewable energy resources and vehicle to grid systems,' Mr Menon added.

The EPGC will, for example, tackle the issue of intermittency of solar power here, which could pose challenges to the stability and reliability of the power grid, he said.

At an earlier press briefing, Professor Ashwin Khambadkone, EPGC's programme director, said that the experimental centre with 1-megawatt capacity will be the largest of its kind worldwide when it starts up. It will employ 20-25 staff, with 15 of them either PhDs or researchers.

EPGC's big 1-MW grid - compared with other experimental centres including in the US, Europe and Japan with smaller generating capacities - 'gives it flexibility, as we can then bring in more assets, emulating different energy sources (like wind turbines or electric vehicle charging) to evaluate', said Professor Low Teck Seng, A*Star's deputy managing director (research).

Building on the initial four industry partners, EPGC can accommodate over 10 partners, although this will ultimately depend on how much grid time is demanded by each partners' project, given that any power grid can only operate 24 hours a day, he added.

As to where Singapore's EPGC project stood vis-a-vis other similar experimental labs overseas, ICES' executive director, Keith Carpenter said that 'while we recognise that there are already players in the field, there are not that many and they are not that far ahead, and we believe we can catch up.'


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Shell Eco-marathon at Sepang: Going the distance with fuel efficiency

Shell's car eco-challenge drives ideas on maximising energy use
Lester Kok Straits Times 17 Jul 10;

IT WAS a car race of a rather different kind - to find out which one was the most fuel efficient.

Although the 81 different cars put up by teams from 10 Asian countries may never be used on actual roads, the whole idea was to get people to think of how to cut down on fuel usage but still keep the car usable.

Held at the Sepang International Circuit in Malaysia last week, the Shell Eco-marathon put specially designed cars through their paces as they tried to cover the longest distance on a litre of petrol.

There were two main categories: The prototype cars which were light and compact, and the urban concept cars, designed to be more roadworthy.

Many of the prototype cars are shaped like teardrops with three wheels, and are designed to minimise drag and improve air flow. The urban concept ones need to be more sturdy so they have safety belts, front and rear lights, and four wheels.

Non-conventional engines such as solar power, hydrogen fuel cell, liquid petroleum gas, diesel and biofuel were also used in the competition - although rarer, as most teams still stuck to the conventional engines which are easier and cheaper to acquire and build.

Shell started the annual event back in 1985 in Europe. In 2007, a second leg was held in the United States. This is the first year an Asian leg has been added to the challenge. The quest all these years has always been for 'smarter mobility' - using the least fuel for the most distance.

Shell executive vice-president for global business to business and lubricants Tan Chong Meng said the competition encourages students to design cars with better fuel economy, as the world's demand for energy increases, resulting in the faster depletion of fossil fuels.

Mr Cesar Romero, Shell's vice-president for retail East, said that what is practised in the competition will be brought forth into the real world, as the students will be the future drivers and automobile engineers.

'This is the very objective of the eco-marathon, to enhance the consciousness (of fuel efficiency) of the students, at an early level,' he said. 'Given the projected growth of mobility in the (Asian) region, we cannot survive with existing levels of energy efficiency. For people to move as much, there must be a big improvement in energy efficiency.'

He said that as the bulk of transportation vehicles still use liquid fuels, there is a need to change the mindset and driving habits of drivers, as well as improve the technology of engines, to make the current supply of fossil fuels last longer.

Energy studies have estimated that current fossil fuel reserves will last for about 100 years if no new resources are discovered, so there is a need for renewable and sustainable energy.

Associate Professor Lu Wen Feng from the engineering faculty at the National University of Singapore (NUS), which offers modules on future transportation, said it is important for students to learn how to harness alternative forms of fuel, as car makers will increasingly manufacture hybrid or alternative-fuel cars.

He said the hydrogen fuel cell technology which was chosen for the NUS concept car will likely become more popular in the next five to 10 years, as the only output is water vapour, which does not pollute the environment.

However, Prof Lu also noted that more efficient ways of producing hydrogen will have to be found, as current methods are still expensive.

Likewise, electric cars will also become more popular due to their zero carbon emissions. Their sustainability is another question, however, as there are problems such as battery life, the process used in fabricating them, and high costs.

Although there is much focus on alternative fuel research, improving the efficiency of current fossil energy sources is just as important.

In fact, most of the participating teams fielded prototypes with an internal combustion engine, which can be as efficient as that of other vehicle types, if not more so.

This was proven by the Thai team which clocked the longest distance at the Asian eco-marathon - a record of 1,521.9km on a single litre of fuel: About the distance between Kuala Lumpur and Bangkok.

This is about 44 per cent further than the winner of the US leg of the eco-marathon held in Houston, Texas, in March.

Mr Kittiwong Kaewbumrung, 20, from Thailand's Army Transportation Engineering School team, said they had applied driving strategies such as minimising the engine run-time, and had made use of track conditions to assist in making turns.

This was in addition to the low-profile streamlined design of their prototype car.

Shell's one-litre challenge, entitled Asia's Smartest FuelSaver, was also held concurrently with the Eco-marathon Asia 2010.

Its winner, Alicia Ann Laisuthruklai, an actress and businesswoman who is also from Thailand, clocked 15.648km on a litre of Shell FuelSave petrol.

The challenge, which featured 12 participants from six Asian countries, was done in a 1.8 litre Honda Civic on the Sepang south track, which had sharp turns and steep ascends, making fuel-saving economical driving much harder.

Furthermore, since the average fuel efficiency of the Honda Civic is about 11km per litre, car owners can shave off up to 25per cent of their fuel consumption just by adjusting driving habits, resulting in lower fuel costs monthly.

Singapore bags top prizes in eco race
Straits Times 17 Jul 10;

THE Shell Eco-marathon is all about using the least amount of fuel to go the longest distance.

For the past quarter of a century, Shell has organised the event in Europe, to which many countries, including Asian ones, have sent teams to take part.

Currently, there are awards for different classes of engines, as well as off-track awards such as for Best Team Spirit, Communications and Marketing, Safety, Technical Innovation, and Design.

In the first Shell Eco-marathon Asia event, held at Sepang International Circuit in Kuala Lumpur last week, Singapore sent a total of eight teams - four from the Institute of Technical Education (ITE) College West, two from Ngee Ann Polytechnic, and one each from Nanyang Technological University (NTU) and the National University of Singapore (NUS).

Between them, they clinched seven awards in total.

KRUCE 2, the hydrogen fuel cell car built by NUS, took home the crown in the Urban Concept category. The car could cover 612.4km per litre of petrol.

It also won two off-track awards for Safety and Technical Innovation, as well as the Autodesk Design Award - where cars designed using Autodesk software were assessed on their ergonomics, aesthetics, choice of materials and technical feasibility.

Team leader Tan Bor Yow said it was a great relief to see the car go across the finishing line four times during the track runs. 'It's the result of a great team effort, as we had spent months on end and many late nights on the car,' the 24 year-old said.

NTU won the top prize for the best solar-powered car, while Ngee Ann Polytechnic came in second in the fuel cell category for its car which runs on hydrogen.

For the ITE teams, only one out of the four won an award, which was for the best diesel car.

The lecturer in charge, Mr Lim Chin Khiong, said the experience had boosted the confidence of his students, as they had competed on the same level as university students.


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Mosquito breeding on the rise

Mustafa Shafawi Channel NewsAsia 16 Jul 10;

SINGAPORE : The National Environment Agency (NEA) said its officers have conducted more than 3 million inspections of mosquito breeding in the first half of this year.

It said this was an almost 70 per cent increase compared to last year.

And it was not too pleased with what its 1,000 officers had found.

The number of homes found breeding mosquitoes has increased by more than 35 per cent to close to 6,000 compared to the same period last year.

NEA said its officers are still finding breeding sites despite repeated inspections of homes in areas with ongoing dengue transmission.

For example, three rounds of back-to-back inspections of homes at a recent cluster at Serangoon North Ave 4 yielded 58, 23 and 8 breeding sites respectively.

NEA's head of Operations, Tai Ji Choong, said this is a key concern, making it even more difficult to stop the transmission of dengue within a neighbourhood.

The number of mosquito breeding sites found outside homes has also increased.

From January to June this year, NEA found some 1,600 breeding habitats in Town Council management premises and 3,000 in non-residential premises.

The number of construction sites found breeding mosquitoes has increased to 700 in the first 6 months of this year.

So far this year, NEA has issued two stop work orders and issued 700 fines to contractors, ranging from S$200 to S$50,000.

NEA is urging the public to step up efforts to remove stagnant water in view of the increasing number of mosquito breeding sites.

It said resources are also being committed to break the transmission in clusters as quickly as possible and to monitor construction sites closely.

Members of the Inter-agency Dengue Taskforce will also do their part. They have been alerted to be more vigilant during this period and to mobilise extra resources to step up on vector control operations in areas managed by the respective agencies.

The average number of dengue cases recorded weekly for the warmer months of April to June has increased from 66 cases per week in April to 108 cases per week in June this year.

As for the total number of dengue cases this year, as of July 3, it stood at 2,100, compared to about 2,800 cases recorded during the same period last year.

- CNA/al

More breeding havens lead to dengue spike
A third more homes found with mosquito larvae; worksites and public places also fingered
By Tessa Wong Straits Times 17 Jul 10;

THERE has been a sharp spike in the number of dengue cases over the past few months, leading the authorities to issue a reminder yesterday about preventive action.

While dengue cases usually go up during the warmer months of May, June and July, the situation this year appears to be different.

The number of cases has gone up by 63 per cent, from an average of 66 per week in April to 108 per week last month.

This is a sharp contrast to the situation last year, which saw a much smaller percentage increase during the same period, said a spokesman for the National Environment Agency (NEA).

The rise in the number of cases coincides with an increase in breeding areas.

In particular, more homes have been found to be breeding places for mosquitoes, despite stepped-up checks from NEA officers and public education efforts.

A third more homes have been found with mosquito larvae this year.

A total of 5,912 homes were found breeding the insects in the first half of this year, compared with 4,361 homes in the same period last year.

Yesterday, the NEA urged residents to check their homes at least once a week for stagnant water in containers.

'If home owners continue to breed mosquitoes, the mosquito population will build up. This will make it even more difficult to stop the transmission of dengue within a neighbourhood,' said Mr Tai Ji Choong, NEA's head of operations.

In addition to homes, more construction sites and public places have also been found to be breeding mosquitoes, which thrive in clean, stagnant water.

There were 700 construction sites found breeding mosquitoes from January to June this year, compared with 470 in the same period last year.

NEA has issued two stop-work orders and 700 tickets with fines ranging from $200 to $50,000 to contractors so far this year.

Public areas are also turning out to be mosquito havens.

Housing estates and non-residential areas, especially, are fertile grounds.

NEA found 1,561 breeding habitats in the public areas of housing estates in the first six months of this year. This compares with 1,081 in the same period last year.

In non-residential places such as factories, schools, and shopping centres, inspectors found 3,006 breeding grounds in the first half of the year; a big jump from the 2,342 for the corresponding period last year.

When asked if the spike in breeding areas was due to the unusually rainy weather in recent weeks, the NEA declined to answer.

Total rainfall last month was 10 times more than that in June last year.

In the meantime, the NEA is stepping up its checks.

The agency said it made 3.14 million inspections of public areas and homes between January and June this year, about 69 per cent more than in the same period last year.

The jump in the number of dengue cases has a worrying backdrop: In March this year, NEA said other strains of dengue fever were becoming more rampant.

Typically, people get dengue Type 2, but the numbers of Type 1, 3 and 4 cases have been growing.

The problem is that there are fewer people in Singapore immune to these strains, because they are uncommon.

A person who has caught one dengue type has lifelong immunity to it, but not to others.

When asked yesterday if this year's increase in breeding grounds and dengue cases will see a concurrent spike in people contracting uncommon strains of dengue, the NEA also declined to answer.


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Johor state acts on wild animals menace

The Star 17 Jul 10;

NUSAJAYA: The Johor government have taken several measures to tackle the problem of monkeys and wild boars that are driving Pekan Nenas residents up the wall.

Johor Energy, Water, Communication and Environment Committee chairman Tan Kok Hong said that on Feb 14 2008, the state exco meeting decided to freeze all hunting and capturing licences on protective wildlife.

“However on Nov 23 last year, we decided to reopen the licence to shoot wild boars especially to individuals who have problems with these animals.

“This will help those who are affected to handle the problem of wild boar destroying their crops,” he said during his adjournment speech at the state assembly here.

He added that the Wildlife Department are working closely with Rela, local authorities, village councils and licenced gun owners to take action against these wild boars.

He also said that according to the department database, only three reports were made on monkey attacks from two villages: Kg Melayu Bukit Panjang and Kg Bakar Arang.

“Immediate action has been taken to tackle such problems.

“The department also made several traps to capture and these monkeys will released back to the jungle,” he said urging those who face similar problems to contact the department immediately.

In a separate matter, State Entrepreneur, Cooperative Development and Higher Education Committee chairman Datuk Maulizan Bujang urged students that come from poor families to register with e-Kasih programme immediately.

He said this would allow students to receive financial help from Yayasan Pelajaran Johor (YPJ) when they want to continue their studies in local universities.

Maulizan added that applicants for the YPJ programme must be Johor-born or a resident in the state for five years with an offer letter from local universities.

“They must also be a full time student and must show a receipt of them from the respective university,” he said.

He added that graduate students would receive RM1,000 in aid while those studying for diploma programme would get RM800 and certificate students are given RM500 only.

“Forms to register with e-Kasih can be get at every district offices or go to www.johorbt.gov.my,” he said.


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Malaysia: When mining starts, wildlife disappears

New Straits Times 17 Jul 10;

Take care of nature and she will take care of you, goes the adage which rings true especially when it comes to eco-tourism, write SEAN AUGUSTIN and EVANGELINE MAJAWAT.

A WIN-WIN situation for the environment and the economy can be found in eco-tourism.

Which is why industry players are urging parties to be careful when developing areas close to such sites, as in the case of sand mining on the periphery of the Paya Indah Wetlands.

Sand mining is currently being carried out on a 33ha plot of land and what worries environmentalist is that it is just 20m from the southern boundary of the wetlands.

Ping Anchorage managing director, Alex Lee, said he had experienced first-hand revenue loss when sand mining was conducted along Sungai Berang, Terengganu, a rainforest river in 2008.

Lee, a tour operator, who ran a river cruise at the site, said wildlife "disappeared" when works began, adding that the boatmen, most of whom were villagers, suffered when the number of tourists dwindled.


"I am not against development, but such plans must be located far away from tourism products. We must not kill the goose that lays the golden egg.

"Once such places are destroyed, it could take more than two decades to rehabilitate," he said, adding that eco-tourism provided far more jobs in the long run compared with activities like sand mining.

Kalao Voyages Sdn Bhd managing director, Ooi Chin Hock, another tour operator, said that rehabilitating a sand mine costs three times more than mining itself


"It does not make economic sense and it can harm the environment. With eco-tourism, the value can only go up."

He added that eco-tourism provided more than monetary gains, including a cultural exchange, as some sites were located deep in the interiors.

A United Nations Environment Programme's report in 2005 "Investing in Environmental Wealth for Poverty Reduction" found investments in the environment alleviates poverty and was more economical in the long run.

The report revealed that conservation is also more cost-effective when compared with short-term profits from environmentally-damaging activities, such as mining and dynamite fishing.

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Research Centre for Tropical Climate Change System head Professor Dr Fredolin Tangang said it was not only about the dollars and sen.

"The various ecosystems provide services to mankind. When the services are disrupted, it would directly affect us," he said.

For example, he added, the fisheries industry would collapse if the marine and wetland ecosystems were destroyed.

"In the long run, it would benefit us more -- economically, socially and health-wise -- to preserve the environment."

Fredolin's colleague from the Institute for Environment and Development Associate Professor Dr Ahmad Fariz said sustainable development was the way forward.

"It's all about balancing the environment and development," he said.

MNS: Wetlands ‘exposed and vulnerable’
Serean Lau The Star 17 Jul 10;

PETALING JAYA: There is no proper buffer to protect the Paya Indah Wetlands from sand mining activities nearby, leaving the wetlands “exposed and vulnerable,” according to the Malaysian Nature Society (MNS).

Its head of communications Andrew Sebastian, who inspected the sand mining site on Wednesday, said he found dredging work there “to be too close” to the wetlands with no buffer zone.

“The water from the site can actually get into the wetlands easily. And things get worse when it rains,” he added.

“The wetlands, which is also a Ramsar site (Wetland of Inter­national Importance), has been polluted due to sand mining.

“The immediate effect of this is on human water consumption.

“It is disturbing and unacceptable as the mining also poses a threat to the wetlands’ ecology,” he said, adding that lines of mangroves along the wetlands had been removed.

“There is no reason to cut down these trees as they can be used as a natural buffer zone,” Sebastian said, adding that the ecosytem of the wetlands could be saved if environmental experts helped to find a suitable solution.

He also said an inspection of another site showed human faeces, toothpaste and detergent being washed into the site which subsequently flowed into the wetlands.

Sebastian said the Selangor government had approved an MNS review of the Environment Management Plan on sand mining near the wetlands.

Yesterday, Kumpulan Semesta Sdn Bhd executive director Ramli Abd Majed said the sand mining was conducted 27m from the waterline and 40m from the wetlands boundary.

MNS wants Govt to stop sand mining
The Star 18 Jul 10;

PETALING JAYA: The Malaysia Nature Society wants federal authorities to intervene and stop rampant over-mining of sand in Selangor.

Its chairman Gary Phong said federal agencies should step in if the state government failed to effectively address over-mining of sand, which had far reaching implications on the environment.

“It is good that someone has brought up the issue, because it looks like the situation is out of control at the moment,” he said, advising the state government to impose a stop-work order on such activities.The state’s sole sand mining concessionaire Kumpulan Semesta Sdn Bhd will brief non-governmental organisations and the media next week on Environmental Management Planning and detailed Environmental Impact Assessment reports.

Former Mentri Besar Datuk Seri Dr Mohd Khir Toyo also hit out at his successor Tan Sri Khalid Ibrahim for allowing rampant sand-mining on state land.


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Wild elephants rampage in Aceh

Jakarta Post 16 Jul 10;

BANDA ACEH: Herds of wild elephants are on a rampage in Aceh's Pidie regency, devouring crops and destroying houses, residents said Thursday.

"At least one house and four hectares of food crops were destroyed in the past three days," Muhammad Sabi Basyah, a resident, told Antara news agency.

The wooden house that the elephants destroyed belonged to Syawali Hanafiahin in Bangkeh hamlet, forcing him to stay with a relative at a neighboring village, Sabi Basyah said.

This recent incident has scared off farmers, with many of them choosing to stay away from their farms.

They called on the Natural Resources Conservation Agency to build a conservation and rescue center to control the elephants in the area. - JP

Senior citizen killed by wild elephants
Antara 16 Jul 10;

Pekanbaru, Riau province (ANTARA News) - A senior citizen aged 63 years old, Marsini, was found dead on Thursday (July 15) in Bengkalis district, Riau province, after being attacked by wild elephants.

"According to information we`ve received, Marsini was attacked by more than one elephant," chief of Riau province`s Conservation and Natural Resources Board, Trisnu Danisworo, said here on Friday.

The tragic accident happened when Marsini who was walking around a palm oil plantation near her house met a group of wild elephants which were crossing the area.
"That location is actually part of wild elephant`s habitat. There are 40 elephants there.

But now their habitat is damaged due to the shifting function of the area into palm oil plantation," he said.

Marsini`s husband, Purwo, was the first person who found her body. At the time she was found, Marsini`s chest and back part were crushed with her arms and legs were broken.

Wild elephants attacking local people often happens in Bengkalis district during this year. Last June, a herd of wild elephants attacked Petani village, Mandau sub-district, Riau district of Bengkalis, damaging four houses over the weekend.

Several Petani villager told ANTARA News that the elephants attacked their village twice. One of the four houses was in serious damage.

These wild animals had also killed a local resident recently, they said.
The villagers, whose houses were damaged, took refuge to their relatives` houses and neighbors.

Budi, 40, one of the villagers whose house was damaged, said at least 25 families had taken refuge for security reasons.

"The elephants` anger has made us trauma. Some locals who take refuge leave their plantations behind," he said.

Dewi, another villager, urged local government to take concern actions to end the human-elephant conflict.

The conflict itself had not only caused the villagers to suffer material losses but had also threatened human life, the 34-year-old villager said.

"The conservation rangers have been trying to deal with these wild elephants but it is not easy to tame them. In fact, the elephants keep damaging our houses and farmings," she said.


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Indonesia pledges forests for orangutan conservation

Yahoo News 16 Jul 10;

JAKARTA (AFP) – Indonesia said it will reserve thousands of hectares of forest in Borneo island for some 200 captive orangutans which will be released in a conservation drive, an official said Friday.

"A foundation has asked for a permit on about 86,000 hectares of forests in Kutai area in East Kalimantan (Borneo) to be used for orangutan conservation," forestry ministry secretary general Boen Purnama said.

Conservationists have been looking for large areas to release the endangered great apes as vast tracts of Indonesian jungle have been cleared for plantations and logging.

Purnama said the Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation (BOSF) had asked for the space in the forests, which were formerly used for logging and need to be restored before being used for conservation.

"We expect to release about 190 out of 226 orangutans, which are being held in captivity in East Kalimantan, in the forests," BOSF spokesman Nico Hermanu said.

"Our hope is to release all orangutans in rehabilitation before 2015 to reach the government's target," Hermanu said.

The government also announced its pledge to an international meeting on orangutan conservation in Bali on Thursday.

"Conservation of orangutan habitat is a ?triple-win? scenario," USAID Director for Indonesia Walter North said in a statement.

"It preserves endangered great apes, protects forest biodiversity, and sequesters large amounts of carbon to combat climate change," he said.

Experts say there are about 50,000 to 60,000 orangutans left in the wild, 80 percent of them in Indonesia and the rest in Malaysia.

Indonesia Agrees to Close Lethal Loophole to Save Orangutans
Fidelis E Satriastanti Jakarta Globe 16 Jul 10;

Sanur, Bali. The Indonesian government has pledged to amend existing regulations to support orangutan conservation efforts as part of a declaration drawn up at the conclusion of the International Workshop on Orangutan Conservation in Bali.

The meeting, which ended on Friday, called for a revision of the 1990 Natural Resources Conservation Law and a 1999 government regulation on plants and animal preservation, which conservationists and critics have called insufficient in helping end the illegal trade in the ape species.

The government has also said the hearings on the revisions would be open to the public.

Officials said the revisions should address at least one glaring gaffe in the 1999 regulation, which provides protection for endangered species, but does not recognize the Sumatran orangutan, one of two subspecies endemic to Indonesia, as being in that category.

However, the Sumatran orangutan is categorized as critically endangered in the International Union for the Conservation of Nature’s famous Red List of threatened species.

The Bornean orangutan, meanwhile, is categorized by the IUCN as endangered.

Both subspecies are also listed in Appendix 1 of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), which lists species threatened with extinction and affected by trade.

“For years those caught trading in or possessing Sumatran orangutans could never be charged because the animal isn’t considered a protected species,” said Abu Bakar Chekmat, head of the Aceh Natural Resources Conservation Agency (BKSDA).

“All that we’ve been able to do is call on people, from local administration officials to private citizens, to stop poaching orangutans because they’re a protected species, which is effectively a public lie because the legislation doesn’t back that reasoning.”

Abu added that poachers had long exploited this loophole to sustain their trade, resulting in diminished numbers of Sumatran orangutans in the wild.

There are an estimated 7,500 of the subspecies left, compared with 45,000 Bornean orangutans.

The largest wild population of Sumatran orangutans is in Aceh’s Leuser National Park.

Samedi, a member of the National Forestry Council, welcomed the government’s commitment to address the shortcomings in the regulations.

“The government must amend the stipulated punishment for trading in protected and unprotected species,” he said.

Herry Djoko Susilo, chairman of the Indonesian Orangutan Forum (Forina), said the government’s commitment was just one part of the conservation effort, which also included NGOs, experts and the private sector.

“We appreciate the commitments made by the various stakeholders, and we call on them to carry them out consistently.”

He added that Forina’s role in the conservation effort was to monitor the roles played by all of the stakeholders.

Companies Vow to Help Preserve Natural Habitat
Fidelis E Satriastanti Jakarta Globe 16 Jul 10;

Oil palm, pulp and paper companies, often blamed for the devastation of forests that are home to orangutans, have committed to the conservation effort by pledging not to log in the animal’s habitat.

The announcement was made on Friday at the close of the International Workshop on Orangutan Conservation held in Sanur, Bali.

“It’s one of several commitments reached during the workshop by the companies,” said Herry Djoko Susilo, chairman of the Indonesian Orangutan Forum (Forina).

“It’s a welcome move given that 70 percent of orangutans live outside designated conservation areas, which leaves them vulnerable to habitat loss.”

Herry added that the companies would fulfill their pledge by adopting sustainable forestry practices and other similar steps, adding that Forina would provide assistance.

“We’ll also guide them on the issue of expanding their plantations into existing forests,” he said, adding that the companies’ presence at the workshop was a positive sign of their commitment to the conservation effort.

Officials from four pulp and paper companies and an oil palm association were in attendance at the two-day meet.

Edi Suhardi, from the promotions bureau of the Association of Indonesian Palm Oil Producers (Gapki), admitted that most producers were having a hard time fulfilling their existing forest stewardship commitments because of the negative reputation and mistrust of corporate loggers.

“We’ve actually made lots of improvement by adopting the standards set in place by the RSPO [Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil], especially with respect to opening up new land and conducting social impact assessments and conservation value assessments,” he said.

“Those standards include protection for the orangutan, so if our assessments come up short, we’ll call off the expansion.”

Edi added that the companies were regularly accused of “greenwashing” their environmental credentials and of only paying lip service to orangutan conservation efforts.

“We want to help the conservationists, but we need to tread carefully, given how we’ve all been painted with the same brush,” he said.

“What we need now is guidance on how we can contribute to the effort.”

Edi said part of the problem related to perception.

“Businesses usually operate with only one thing in mind: the bottom line,” he said.

“What we need is a way to see the long-term benefits of saving the orangutan, otherwise it all just appears to us as yet another expense on the balance sheet.”

Hundreds of orangutans to be returned to original habitats in Indonesia
Adianto P. Simamora, The Jakarta Post 16 Jul 10;

Orangutans held in captivity for years will likely make a return to their original habitats soon as government pledges to issue a new permit to convert production forests to save the great ape.

This will be the first permit for orangutan habitats issued in the last eight years.

The permit will cover some 86,000 hectares forest in Kutai, East Kalimantan, that could accommodate 127 orangutans.

“The permit will be issued by Forestry Minister [Zulkifli Hasan] this month,” Forestry Ministry secretary-general Boen Purnama told an international workshop on orangutan protection here on Thursday.

He said the government would convert former production forests into restoration projects for the orangutan to meet the country’s target of releasing all rehabilitated orangutans to their habitats by 2015.

The target was set out in national action plans on orangutan protection launched by President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono at a climate change conference in Bali in 2007.

“The total area of forests allotted to orangutans will depend on demand from project developers who are serious about protecting the species,” Boen said.

There are now 1,200 orangutans held in rehabilitation centers both in Kalimantan and Sumatra. Experts say 100 hectares of forest is needed for every three orangutans.

The first permit will be granted to PT Restorasi Habitat Orangutan Indonesia, run by the Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation (BOSF).

BOSF advisory board chairman Bungaran Saragih said 80 percent of the planned area was still virgin forest and the remaining was degraded land.

Bungaran, a former minister for forestry and agriculture, said the foundation needed at least 200,000 hectares for 850 orangutans currently being treated at rehabilitation centers in Kalimantan.

“We didn’t release any single orangutan in the last eight years due to difficulty finding suitable forest area,” he said.

BOSF plans to release healthy orangutans in November.

Bungaran warned that the longer orangutans were held in captivity, they more prone they were to diseases such as hepatitis and tuberculosis that could affect other individuals.

Conservationists are still required to pay US$1.5 million to obtain orangutan habitat restoration permits for an area of 100,000 hectares for 60 years.

Bungaran said logging and plantation companies, government and locals should understand the need to preserve forests for orangutan habitat. He admitted, however, that he had himself issued several forest conversion permits for plantations during his term as agriculture minister between 2000 and 2004.

BOSF chairman Togu Manurung said only 25 percent of allocated areas was suitable for orangutans due to topography problems since orangutans populate lowland areas.

University of Zurich orangutan expert Carel van Schaik said releasing orangutans into the wild “requires careful preparation and monitoring,” he said.


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Thai customs make million-dollar ivory seizure

(AFP) Google News 16 Jul 10;

BANGKOK — Thai customs said Friday they had seized smuggled ivory worth more than one million dollars in a shipment sent from Kenya to Bangkok's main international airport.

Officials acted on a tip-off to find 117 elephant tusks and nine other pieces of ivory, weighing 765 kilos (1,683 pounds) and valued at 38.3 million baht (1.2 million dollars), at Suvarnabhumi Airport on Wednesday.

No arrests have been made in connection with the discovery of the contraband, which was labelled as furniture and plastic folders.

The shipment is illegal under international laws that ban the trafficking of endangered species and their products.

Wildlife experts say Thailand is a commonly-used transit point for the illegal trafficking of animal parts.

Since February Thai customs officials have intercepted three large hauls of ivory totalling 652 tusks, worth 228.3 million baht.


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Sushi-hungry Japan sells monster tuna

Yahoo News 16 Jul 10;

TOKYO (AFP) – A monster tuna caught off Japan turned heads at a Tokyo fish market Friday, where the 445 kilogram (981 pound) bluefin -- the biggest caught here since 1986 -- sold for 3.2 million yen (36,700 dollars).

"Many of the people who work at the market have never seen a tuna that big," said an official of the Tokyo Metropolitan Government, which runs the Tsukiji fish market, the world's biggest seafood market.

The fish, which was auctioned at 7,200 yen per kilogram, had already been gutted and cleaned of its gills, meaning it must have weighed more when it was caught off Nagasaki prefecture this week, the official said.

"It is extremely rare to see a tuna heavier than 400 kilograms," he said.

The biggest Japanese tuna sold at Tsukiji was a 496-kilogram beast caught in April 1986 -- but the biggest tuna from the world's oceans to be sold here was a Canadian fish caught in 1995 weighing 497 kilograms.

Decades of overfishing have seen global tuna stocks crash, pushing some Western nations to call for a trade ban on endangered Atlantic bluefin tuna.

Japan consumes three-quarters of the global bluefin catch, a highly prized sushi ingredient, known in Japan as "kuro maguro" (black tuna) and dubbed by sushi connoisseurs as the "black diamond" because of its scarcity.

A piece of "otoro" or fatty underbelly can cost 2,000 yen (22 dollars) at high-end Tokyo restaurants.


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Giant Taiwan petrochem plant may lose out to dolphins

Ralph Jennings Reuters 16 Jul 10;

TAIPEI (Reuters) - Taiwan's CPC Corp may shelve a proposed $36 billion offshore refinery and petrochemical plant because of calls for expensive dolphin-protection measures, a top executive at the consortium developing the project said.

Kuokuang Petrochemical Technology Co, a consortium led by state-run oil refiner CPC, has applied to reclaim land in the Taiwan Strait for a 300,000 barrels per day refinery and a petrochemicals complex.

But the government, under increased environmental pressure, is reviewing the offshore project after Kuokuang refused to add a $935 million ocean corridor for the passage of a local dolphin population feared to be endangered.

"We were optimistic at first, but now we're not so optimistic," Kuokuang President Tsao Mihn told Reuters in an interview on Thursday.

The firm will scrap the complex, which is expected to produce 2.4 million tonnes a year of ethylene, despite more than four years of planning if the government insists on costly dolphin-protection measures, he said.

"When I do a project, I need to consider my costs," Tsao said. "We think those measures are absolutely not required."

The Environmental Protection Administration has rights to spike the project depending on the outcome of a study that began in March and should be done by year's end, officials say.

If the project goes ahead, the refinery would be the twelfth largest in Asia, according to Reuters data. here

Taiwan's government says capacity could top 450,000 barrels per day, which would make it Asia's seventh largest.

While shelving the project would help Taiwan's pink-hued Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins, which may number just a few dozen, analysts say it would set back Taiwan industry's competitiveness against fast-growing rivals such as China.

"There are a lot of new complexes like this around Asia, so this would help Taiwan's market share," said Aldin Lin, a petrochemicals analyst with KGI Securities in Taipei. "It's very important. It would have a huge impact on Taiwan's GDP."

Taiwan's petrochemicals industry, the world's eighth largest, switched in the 1990s from domestic to export-led as much of the downstream demand shifted to China and Southeast Asia.

Kuokuang's 2,773-hectare complex, on track to be the second biggest on the island after Formosa Petrochemical's Mailiao refinery complex, would produce ethylene for refining into mid-grade or high-grade parts for manufacturers in Taiwan, China, India or Southeast Asia, Tsao said.

Its would create as many as 10,000 jobs and add 2 to 3 percent to Taiwan's $390 billion economy if it opened on schedule in 2017, he said.

CPC has a 43 percent stake in the project, with remaining shares divided among eight companies, including Taiwan's Far Eastern Group and Fubon Financial.

(Editing by Himani Sarkar)


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'Lost' large-billed reed warbler breeding site found

Matt Walker BBC News 16 Jul 10;

A breeding site of the large-billed reed warbler has been found in Tajikistan by scientists.

The warbler has been described as the world's least known bird; after a single specimen was found in 1867 the species was not seen again until 2006.

Since then a handful of live birds and museum specimens have been identified, and a possible breeding site found in Afghanistan.

But the new site is the first confirmed breeding location of the species.

Details of the new breeding site are reported for the first time in the Journal of Avian Biology.

The first large-billed reed warbler (Acrocephalus orinus) was found in Himachal Pradesh, northwest India in 1867, though its validity was questioned for decades until DNA analysis this century confirmed it as a new species.

From 1867 till 2006, the bird was not sighted again in the wild, until a live bird was trapped in Thailand in 2006.

Two years later, the same individual was recaptured, as was another in another location in Thailand.

Little else was known about the large-billed warbler until 11 birds held in museums were also found to be of the species, some caught in Afghanistan in 1937 and one juvenile trapped in Kazakhstan in 1900.

These specimens suggested that the large-billed reed warbler might breed somewhere in the southeastern part of Central Asia.

Last year, a team of researchers believed they had discovered a breeding site of the enigmatic warbler in Afghanistan, after catching 15 birds which DNA analysis confirmed as Acrocephalus orinus.

However, they were not able to confirm that the species was breeding in the area, according to internationally agreed criteria.

Also, the researchers have yet to confirm the details of their find by publishing their records in the scientific literature.

Around the same time, ornithologists Dr Raffael Aye and Mr Manuel Schweizer of the Society for Field Ornithology and Bird Protection in Central Asia, and Dr Stephan Hertwig of the Natural History Museum in Bern, Switzerland found another significant discovery elsewhere in Asia.

The researchers discovered eight individual large-billed reed warblers living at three different riverine woodland sites in the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region of Tajikistan.

They confirmed the birds are breeding at one, the first such confirmed breeding site of the species since its discovery by science.

"One of four adult birds caught in Vezdara displayed a large brood patch, suggesting that it was breeding," explains Mr Schweizer, who is also a PhD student at the Natural History Museum in Bern.

"Also in Vezdara, two Acrocephalus warblers were observed around a group of bushes on 18 July and could be caught later and three rectrices on one tail side were taken for DNA analyses.

"On the 19th, they were again observed around the same bushes, this time missing rectrices on one side of their tails and feeding two fledglings.

"The fledglings were still extremely weak flyers and hardly able to fly from one bush to another."

Although the team have been aware of the breeding site since last year, they have had to wait till now to publish details of their discovery in the scientific literature, and hence make it public.

"This finding was of course a big surprise, as the large-billed reed warbler was termed as one of the least known bird species of the world before," Mr Schweizer told the BBC.

"Without further survey, it is impossible to say how many birds may survive in the wild."

"Further surveys during the breeding season are needed in order to identify the limits of the species' breeding range and to deepen our understanding of its population history and conservation status."


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Carbon trading used as money-laundering front: experts

Yahoo News 16 Jul 10;

SINGAPORE (AFP) – Organised crime gangs are using carbon emissions trading schemes as fronts for money-laundering, experts warned Friday.

The experts who attended a meeting of the Asia Pacific Money Laundering Group (APG) said crime syndicates are resorting to new methods to hide their illegal proceeds.

One "issue that we've looked at closely is money laundering associated with carbon emissions trading schemes", APG executive secretary Gordon Hook told a news conference after the five-day meeting.

Hook did not elaborate on how crime syndicates were using carbon emissions trading schemes to launder money.

Emissions trading schemes place a limit on the amount of greenhouse gas pollution which companies can produce, forcing heavy polluters to buy credits from companies that pollute less -- thereby creating financial incentives to fight global warming.

John Harrison, a security analyst at Singapore's S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, told AFP that the carbon emissions trading market is relatively new and crime gangs are taking advantage of loopholes in regulation. "They will use new markets to try and launder their money, and particularly if these new markets are not well regulated yet," he said. "It's not surprising."

APG is an international organisation that is closely affiliated with the Paris-based Financial Action Task Force (FATF).

Hook said the region's money-laundering activities had wider, international connections.

"More and more money laundering and terrorist financing we are seeing are in reality transnational crimes so the web of international connections and international cooperation is extremely important," he said.

APG co-chairman Tony Negus, who is also the commissioner of the Australian Federal Police, said the ease of movement and communications have made the fight against organised crime more difficult.

"These days syndicates move across jurisdictions with ease and across the world with ease with increased travel and increased electronic transfers," he said.


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Africa looks to vast forests for carbon credit

Tim Cocks Reuters 16 Jul 10;

BANCO Ivory Coast (Reuters) - They inhabit a polluted part of Ivory Coast's main city with few jobs and a swelling population, but residents of Abidjan's slums have a rare respite: a stretch of pristine rainforest.

From their wooden shacks and unpainted concrete houses by motorways on the edge of Banco National Park, the millions who live in north Abidjan need no lesson on its worth.

"This forest is a great thing," said textile worker Sebastien Coulibaly, 35, in front of the sky-scraping green mass of vines and broccoli-shaped trees.

"It helps us to breathe better -- we live at ease because of it. Sometimes we walk our children there. We must protect it, because our planet will be nothing without forests."

Logging, farming and armed conflict still threaten Africa's jungles, which include the Congo Basin, the world's second largest after the Amazon, but analysts are hopeful.

A new global study on illegal logging by London's Chatham House think-tank on Wednesday found that it had halved in Cameroon, once one of the worst sources of illicit timber, since 2002, a decline of twice the global average [ID:nLDE66E0XJ].

Earlier this year the European Union signed deals with Ghana, Cameroon and Congo Republic to tighten restrictions on logging, ahead of an EU ban on illegally harvested timber that was passed this month and takes effect in 2012.

"We've dared to sanction firms, from withdrawing permits to big fines," said Cameroon Forest Minister Elvis Ngolle.

Logging bans don't directly address forest loss from other threats such as agriculture, but officials are hoping that a potential money spinner -- carbon offsets -- will.

"EXPECTATIONS HIGH"

A U.N. scheme to reduce emissions from deforestation or degradation (REDD) has enabled Indonesia, which houses the world's third biggest forest but is being deforested by palm oil and timber firms, to get $1 billion from Norway in May to revoke those firms' forestry licenses.

Deforestation makes up a fifth of world CO2 emissions and the REDD fund is worth a total of $4 billion so far.

Unlike Asia, African states have been slow to capitalize on climate aid -- they account for 2 percent of developing nation carbon projects. But many hope to change that.

An African Development Bank fund was established in 2008 for the Congo basin, a forest of half a billion acres (200 million hectares) spanning nine countries and storing, the bank says, 25-30 billion tonnes of carbon, which currently trades at 14 euros per tonne in Europe.

The fund aims to harmonize forest tax, share ecological data, cooperate on policing and sponsor community projects that encourage forest protection, like honey-making.

"Expectations are extremely high that this will allow us to preserve the forest, restore what's been degraded and pay these countries for their ecological services," Patrice Wadja, the fund's operations officer, told Reuters.

Gabon's President Ali Bongo seeks to be first in line. He has banned raw wood exports and in May set up a climate council that must come up with a REDD plan for the 80 percent of its original forest that remains before December's climate talks in Cancun.

FOREST TO FARMS

Despite the challenges, experts think Africa's forests have at least as good a chance as Brazil or Indonesia.

The rate of forest destruction is generally slower: 0.16 percent a year in the Congo Basin, compared with 11 percent in Indonesia, Wadja said, because Central Africa has been largely spared large-scale clearing for agriculture.

West Africa's deforestation is much higher, driven by logging and clearing to plant cash crops, especially cocoa, a topic so sensitive that Reuters could not get permission to visit some forests in top grower Ivory Coast.

"At independence, we had 16 million hectares of forest. We today have 6 million -- the lost area is now all farms," said Ivorian forest and water technician Yamani Soro.

Improving yields with fertilizer and pesticides is key, although reforms have been blocked by Ivory Coast's post-civil war political crisis.

Drier nations in the semi-desert Sahel belt with scant forest are meanwhile planning to plant trees. Presidents from Senegal to Djibouti agreed in Chad last month to build a "green wall" thousands of miles long with IMF funds.

But even as Africa curbs illicit logging and plants trees, another threat looms: Asian palm oil companies are eyeing Africa's forests to feed their growing populations. Liberia has signed deals with two and China on Thursday proposed a vast project in Democratic Republic of Congo.

"The big unknown are the Chinese," said conservationist Terese Hart who has worked in DRC for decades. "They are looking at the interior for exploitation, including palm."

(Additional reporting by Tansa Musa and Fonka Mutta in Yaounde, Christian Tsoumou in Brazzaville and Betel Miarom in N'Djamena)


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