Best of our wild blogs: 5 Sep 15

Night Walk Around Buangkok Area (04 Sep 2015)
Beetles@SG BLOG

Green Imperial-pigeon: Another nesting record
Bird Ecology Study Group

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Study on S'pore's water risks 'wrong'

A Washington-based World Resources Institute study showed Singapore may face severe water stress by 2020, but Asit Biswas, founder of the Third World Centre for Water Management, said Singapore would not have any water risk even by the year 2050.
Audrey Tan, Feng Zeng Kun, Ng Huiwen Straits Times AsiaOne 5 Sep 15;

SINGAPORE might have been ranked as the country in greatest danger of running out of water by 2040 in a global study, but the authorities and researchers here are studying new ways to expand the water supply.

In a report last week, Washington-based World Resources Institute (WRI) singled out 33 countries, including Singapore, Kuwait and Qatar, as those likely to face extremely high water stress in 2040, out of 167 nations.

The ranking was based on an index measuring competition for and depletion of surface water, such as lakes and rivers, each decade from 2020 to 2040. The study did not give details on why Singapore's water risks were deemed so dire.

But Asit Biswas, founder of the Third World Centre for Water Management, called the report the "usual scaremongering report that the world is running out of water" and said that he is willing to bet that Singapore would not have any water risk even by 2050.

"As far as Singapore is concerned, my advice... is to throw the report in the wastepaper basket," said Professor Biswas, a distinguished visiting professor at the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy at the National University of Singapore.

"There is no question that Singapore's water management will improve radically over the coming years as we see scientific, technological and managerial breakthroughs, and as Singapore uses increasingly more effective economic instruments and behavioural sciences approach to further improve its water management," he said.

Singapore plans to build more plants to produce treated seawater and Newater, to meet up to 80 per cent of its water demand by 2060. It is also expanding its rainwater catchment area from two-thirds to 90 per cent of the island by 2060.

National water agency PUB told The Straits Times it is looking into whether there are naturally occurring aquifers and groundwater under Singapore.

It also disclosed that it started a one-year project earlier this year to investigate the groundwater potential in the eastern part of Singapore.

It said: "(This project) will involve literature research and the development of a hydrogeological model for an old alluvium deposit in eastern Singapore.

"It will also look into successful measures implemented in other countries, where groundwater is a water source, to assess and mitigate potential risks associated with groundwater extraction."

PUB had said last year that it was studying the possibility of groundwater in western Singapore.

While it remains to be seen if underground water could be Singapore's fifth tap, after imports from Malaysia, Newater and treated seawater and rainwater, such aquifers could act as "water banks" for drought periods, PUB had said.

A team of global experts, including chief hydrogeologist Roy Herndon from the Orange County Water District in California - which has been extracting groundwater for decades - is advising PUB on this.

audreyt@sph.com.sg

Tender for new desalination plant: PUB

TO MEET future water demand in the city area and strengthen the country's drought resilience, national water agency PUB will build a fourth desalination plant in Marina East.

The agency said yesterday that it will call a tender for the provision of professional engineering services for the desalination plant, which has a planned capacity of 30 million imperial gallons, or more than 136,000 cubic metres, per day.

Located near water demand zones in the city and eastern Singapore, it will also have the capability to treat freshwater from Marina Reservoir.

The tender will include a call for the engineering design to develop the plant under a Design-Build-Own-Operate arrangement.

Singapore innovating to grow water supply
Audrey Tan, Feng Zengkun Straits Times AsiaOne 5 Sep 15;

Singapore might have been ranked as the country in greatest danger of running out of water by 2040 in a global study, but the authorities and researchers here are studying new ways to expand the water supply.

In a report last week, Washington-based World Resources Institute singled out 33 countries, including Singapore, Kuwait and Qatar, as those likely to face extremely high water stress in 2040, out of 167 nations.

The ranking was based on an index measuring competition for and depletion of surface water, such as lakes and rivers, each decade from 2020 to 2040. The study did not give details on why Singapore's water risks were deemed so dire.

But Professor Asit Biswas, founder of the Third World Centre for Water Management, said he is willing to bet that Singapore would not have any water risk even by 2050.

The distinguished visiting professor at the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy at the National University of Singapore (NUS) added:

"There is no question that Singapore's water management will improve radically over the coming years as we see scientific, technological and managerial breakthroughs, and as Singapore uses increasingly more effective economic instruments and a behavioural sciences approach to further improve its water management."

Singapore plans to build more plants to produce treated seawater and Newater, to meet up to 80 per cent of its water demand by 2060. It is also expanding its rainwater catchment area from two-thirds to 90 per cent of the island by 2060.

National water agency PUB said it is looking into whether there are naturally occurring aquifers and groundwater under Singapore. It also disclosed that it started a one-year project earlier this year to investigate the groundwater potential in the eastern part of Singapore.

It said: "(This project) will involve literature research and the development of a hydro-geological model for an old alluvium deposit in eastern Singapore.

"It will also look into successful measures implemented in other countries, where groundwater is a water source, to assess and mitigate potential risks associated with groundwater extraction."

PUB had said last year that it was studying the possibility of groundwater in western Singapore. While it remains to be seen if underground water could be Singapore's fifth tap, after imports from Malaysia, Newater and treated seawater and rainwater, such aquifers could act as "water banks" for drought periods, PUB had said.

A team of global experts, including chief hydrogeologist Roy Herndon from the Orange County Water District in California - which has been extracting groundwater for decades - is advising PUB on this.

Meanwhile, NUS researchers have come up with a way to store rainwater here, by making roads permeable and putting storage systems under them. The NUS project, designed for a test site in Sungei Kadut, would also reduce the risk of floods, "screen pollutants in the runoff water, harvest energy and reduce ambient temperatures", they said.

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Hazy conditions in Singapore to persist in coming days

Today Online 5 Sep 15;

SINGAPORE — The haze that has hung over Singapore this past week is expected to linger, with the 24-hour Pollutants Standards Index (PSI) expected to be in the high end of the moderate range (51 to 100) today (Sept 5), ­authorities said.

This is even as air quality improved yesterday, after deteriorating during the week as hot spots in Sumatra continued to be detected.

As at 7pm yesterday, the 24-hour PSI was 71 to 80 and the one-hour PM2.5 was 17 to 30 mcg/m3. “The number of hotspots detected in Sumatra decreased to 50 today from 111 yesterday. The lower hotspot count was due to cloud cover over central parts of Sumatra. Moderate to dense smoke haze was observed in southern Sumatra,” the National Environment Agency (NEA) said.

A day earlier, the NEA had warned of 24-hour PSI creeping into the low-end of the unhealthy range (101 to 200) amid worsening air quality, and had said the haze situation would be unlikely to change significantly in the next few days, due to dry weather conditions in the region. As at 9pm on Thursday, the 24-hour PSI was between 82 and 94, while the three-hour PSI reading hit a high of 107 at 11am, before falling to 83 at 9pm.

However, conditions yesterday were less severe than expected. In the course of the week, the number of hot spots detected daily rose from 29 last Sunday, to 395 on Wednesday, before falling on Thursday.

NEA chief executive officer Ronnie Tay wrote to his Indonesian counterpart this week to “register Singapore’s concerns” and seek an urgent update on the situation on the ground. The NEA also reiterated Singapore’s offer of an assistance package to Indonesia to help the country combat smoke haze.

Yesterday, the NEA said the prevailing winds are forecast to blow from the southeast today. “Singapore may experience occasional slightly hazy conditions. Thundery showers are forecast in the late morning and early afternoon. The 24-hour PSI for the next 24 hours is expected to be in the high end of moderate range,” the agency said.

The NEA also said everyone can continue with normal activities, but the impact of haze is dependent on one’s health status, the PSI level, and the length and intensity of outdoor activity. “Persons who are not feeling well, especially the elderly and children, and those with chronic heart or lung conditions, should seek medical attention,” it added.

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Malaysia: Number of hotspots in Sumatra down

The Star 5 Sep 15;

PUTRAJAYA: The num­­­­­­­ber of hotspots in Sumatra has reduced significantly from 395 on Thursday to 110 yesterday.

Coupled with the change in the wind direction in the northern peninsula, air quality in many areas that previously recorded unhealthy condition had improved.

Natural Resources and Environment Minister Datuk Seri Dr Wan Junaidi Tuanku Jaafar said that except Alor Star where the Air Pollutant Index (API) reading was 83, the reading in most of other areas were below 70.

“The change in the wind direction is blowing the haze back to Sumatra,” he told newsmen after a working visit to the Lands and Mines Director-General Department here.

Dr Wan Junaidi said his planned visit to Indonesia on Sept 17 and 18 to meet his counterpart on the matter was still on.

“I am still going because there are other issues involving the two countries that need to be ironed out urgently,” he said.

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Indonesia: Haze from Sumatra's wildfires likely to affect Malaysia, Singapore

Antara 4 Sep 15;

Pekanbaru, Riau (ANTARA News) - Haze has engulfed almost all regions on Sumatra Island and is mostly likely to affect Malaysia and Singapore, according to a meteorology analyst.

"This morning's data shows that almost every province across Sumatra Island has been shrouded by haze, from South Sumatra, Jambi, West Sumatra, Riau, and Medan up to Aceh," Sugarin, the head of the Pekanbaru meteorology station, stated here, Friday.

According to Sugarin, only small parts of Sumatra Island such as Lampung and Bengkulu Provinces are free from haze.

On Friday noon, the visibility in Riau decreased to 700 meters due to the haze arising from South Sumatra, Jambi, and Riau itself. The wind was blowing from south to north, he noted.

"If the fires are not handled properly, the haze situation will worsen and most likely cross into the neighboring countries as the wind is blowing from south to north," he added.

Based on the Terra and Aqua satellites' monitoring at 5 a.m. local time on Friday, there were 362 hotspots across Sumatra Island.

Some 173 hotspots were detected in South Sumatra Province, 148 in Jambi, 31 in Riau, eight in Bangka Belitung, and one each in Lampung and West Sumatra.

In the meantime, the police officers in East Aceh distributed face masks to the local inhabitants to protect them from developing respiratory infections due to exposure to haze, which is shrouding parts of Aceh Province.

Some 10 thousand face masks were distributed to the people who were engaged in outdoor activities, Chief of East Aceh Adjunct Senior Commission Hendri Budiman remarked in Idi, Thursday.

East Aceh, Lhokseumawe, and North Aceh Districts have been affected by the haze arising from Sumatras peatland and bush fires.

According to the Blang Bintang meteorology station in Aceh Besar District, no hotspot was detected in Aceh province.

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Indonesia: Dry Season to Peak in October, Fire Risk Will Increase

Jakarta Globe 4 Sep 15;

Jakarta. The National Disaster Mitigation Agency (BNPB) says the dry season will last longer than usual this year and likely peak in October and November due to the El Nino weather phenomenon, with a spokesman warning on Friday about higher risks of wildfires throughout the country in coming months.

BNPB spokesman Sutopo Purwo Nugroho said this year's El Nino will also make the dry season even drier than usual.

"We predict the dry season to peak from October until November," he told journalists in Jakarta.

Sutopo added that while normally rainy season starts in October, the BNPB's latest prediction is that the rains will only come in early December this year.

"The dry season will be even dryer as there will be less rainfall, therefore the threat of ... fires, especially south of the equator, will increase," he said.

Most of Indonesia, including its most densely populated areas, lie south of the equator.

Several parts of the country will be hardest hit by El Nino, Sutopo said, including southeastern parts of West Sumatra, Bengkulu, Jambi, South Sumatra, Bangka-Belitung, Java, Bali, West Nusa Tenggara, East Nusa Tenggara, South Sulawesi, North Sulawesi and southwestern parts of Maluku.

Environmental group Walhi has warned that Indonesia is already facing a haze emergency because of rampant fires in Sumatra and Kalimantan. Six provinces have already declared a state of emergency over the haze: Riau, Jambi, South Sumatra, West Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan and South Kalimantan.

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Indonesia: Jokowi Schedules Riau Trip as Haze Crisis Resurfaces

Jakarta Globe 4 Sep 15;

Jakarta. President Joko Widodo has announced he'll visit haze-hit Riau province "in the coming days," a senior official said on Friday, to help find a solution for the recurring problem of forest fires.

"The president is very concerned about the forest- and wildfires. He'll go to Riau tomorrow or the day after tomorrow, depending on the visibility," Syamsul Maarif, chief of the National Disaster Mitigation Agency (BNPB), told reporters after a meeting with the president at the State Palace in Jakarta.

Data from the BNPB shows that 22.6 million people in Sumatra and Kalimantan could face health problems due to the haze, and visibility in large parts of these islands has been less than 500 meters, forcing airports and schools to close.

Last November, the president, who is also widely known by his nickname Jokowi, made his first Riau visit in connection to rampant fires on Sumatra and Kalimantan, which also often cause transboundary haze problems, affecting neighboring Singapore and Malaysia.

Joko, who has an educational background in forestry, has previously said that farms should be run by local people, rather than corporations, to help curb the haze crisis.

Indonesia's Environment Ministry has said peat fires contributed to 25 percent of the country's carbon emissions between 2000 and 2005, second only to deforestation.

Ahead of a big UN Climate Change conference in Paris in December, the ministry recently announced a more ambitious emissions reduction target: 29 percent by 2030. Currently the nation's target, which was set back in 2009, stands at 26 percent by 2020 and the country has only achieved half so far.

Jokowi calls for intensifying the fight against forest fires
thejakartapost.com 4 Sep 15;

President Joko “Jokowi” Widodo has called on relevant government agencies to intensify their efforts to extinguish the forest fires in Sumatra and Kalimantan that have affected transportation and the health of people in those regions.

Chairman of the National Body for Disaster Management (BNPB) Syamsul Maarif said on Friday that the President, among others, had called for establishing more monitoring posts in a number of places in Sumatra and Kalimantan to help the fire fighters to do their jobs more effectively.

“He [the President) told us to immediately hold meetings to discuss the establishment of eight monitoring posts,” said Syamsul as quoted by tribunnews.com at the Presidential Place after meeting with the President.

According to Syamsul, four posts will be established in Sumatra and another four will be established in Kalimantan.

Syamsul said that the number of hotspots had declined in Riau and Jambi on Friday, but had increased in South Sumatra province.

He said personnel from the Indonesian Military (TNI) and the National Police would help his institution to enforce the law against those who intentionally burned forests.

The Home Affairs Ministry has called on governors to declare a state of emergency in their respective provinces if the forest fires become uncontrollable. This declaration, according to Syamsul, was a positive development, but he noted that “what we call disaster here is not forest fires, but the widespread smoke,” he said. (bbn)(++++)

President orders activating command posts to handle smoke from fires
Antara 4 Sep 15;

Jakarta (ANTARA News) - President Joko Widodo has ordered to activate command posts to control and tackle smoke problems in Sumatra and Kalimantan.

"The president has ordered the opening of four command posts in Kalimantan and four in Sumatra," Chief of the National Disaster Mitigation Agency (BNPB) Syamsul Maarif stated here on Friday after attending a limited cabinet meeting led by the president at the State Palace.

He noted that the president is giving serious attention to the problem and has also planned to personally inspect the on-field situation.

Syamsul remarked that four measures to be taken to deal with the smoke arising from bush fires, include extinguishing the fires as early as possible, ensuring law enforcement, undertaking health efforts, and informing the public to not set fire for land-clearing activities.

Secretary General of the Ministry of Forestry and Environment Bambang Hendroyono pointed out that, as the field coordinator, his office would work with all concerned parties to immediately overcome the smoke problem.

He stated that a meeting with the military and the police would be held on Saturday to deal with the situation.

Bambang noted that 156 fires had been detected in Sumatra and Kalimantan.

He hoped the smoke problem would be overcome this month.

Activities at the airport in Jambi, Sumatra, had been brought to a standstill, with no flight operations on Friday due to the thick smog covering the area.

The airports chief operator, Parolan Simanjuntak, stated that until late afternoon, 12 flights had been cancelled, and no aircraft had landed at the Sulthan Thaha Airport. He added that only one Garuda flight had departed to Jakarta in the morning after an overnight halt at the airport.

He emphasized that only one aircraft had landed at the airport at 8:30 p.m. local time on Thursday.(*)

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Indonesia: Six Provinces Declare State of Emergency as Haze Worsens

Jakarta Globe 4 Sep 15;

Jakarta. Six Indonesian provinces have declared a state of emergency as haze from wildfires on Sumatra and Kalimantan continues to blanket entire cities, a spokesman for the National Disaster Mitigation Agency (BNPB) said on Friday.

Sutopo Purwo Nugroho said Riau, Jambi, South Sumatra, West Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan and South Kalimantan had all declared haze emergencies.

"There are around 25.6 million Indonesians in Sumatra and Kalimantan who are directly exposed to the haze due to forest fires," the BNPB spokesman said in Jakarta. "They breathe in very unhealthy air, thousands of people are suffering from respiratory tract infections."

Sutopo said that as of Friday morning, no less than 80 percent of Sumatra had been impacted by the smoke to some degree.

"The visibility was less than 500 meters in Pekanbaru and Jambi this morning," he said.

Tri Budiarto, deputy chief for emergency management at BNPB, said that the agency had joined forces with the local administration to build command posts and establish four types of task force in the six provinces.

These four groups would focus on extinguishing fires, law enforcement, educating the public and offering health services to affected communities.

Most of Sumatra blanketed by smoke
Thejakartapost.com 4 Sep 15;

Most regions of Sumatra are currently blanketed by smoke from land and forest fires and the pollution will potentially reach neighboring countries such as Malaysia and Singapore.

"From our data this morning, almost all of Sumatra is covered in smoke, with affected regions including South Sumatra, Jambi, West Sumatra, Riau, Medan and Aceh," said head of the Pekanbaru Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency (BMKG) Sugarin on Friday as quoted by Antara news agency.

Sugarin said that only a few areas were relatively free from air pollution, those including Lampung and parts of Bengkulu.

In Pekanbaru, for instance, the smoke was still thick on Friday afternoon and has reached a hazardous level of air pollution and caused visibility to drop to around 700 meters.

The smoke is said to be coming from land and forest fires in South Sumatra, Jambi and Riau, from which smoke is blown by the wind toward the north, increasing the possibility that it will reach neighboring countries.

According to data from NASA’s Terra and Aqua satellites, there were up to 362 hot spots in Sumatra at 5 a.m. on Friday. Most of them were located in South Sumatra, where there were 173 hot spots, followed by Jambi with 148, Riau with 31, and Bangka Belitung with 8. (kes)

Sumatra suffers as smog spreads
Fadli and Apriadi Gunawan, The Jakarta Post 4 Sep 15;

Haze shrouding Sumatra continues to thicken and spread, disrupting flights and posing a threat to human health on the island.

The smog has been causing major problems at Hang Nadim International Airport in Batam, Riau Islands, which claims to have suffered losses of Rp 140 million (US$10,000) over the past week as a result of disruptions to flights to and from the mainland.

Hang Nadim’s general division head Suwarso said on Thursday that 35 flights had been either canceled or delayed because of haze since the previous Friday.

“We receive Rp 4 million from every aircraft that lands at the airport, so we’ve lost around Rp 140 million because of the haze,” Suwarso told The Jakarta Post.

The problem, he said, had caused at least five flights from mainland cities such as Jambi, Pekanbaru, Palembang, Lampung and Medan to Hang Nadim to be canceled each day.

In North Sumatra, the management of Kualanamu International Airport reported that haze had caused 20 flight cancellations on Thursday.

Kualanamu duty manager Jasirin said the flights had been canceled because the haze coming from neighboring provinces was very thick, reducing visibility to 800 meters.

“To prevent accidents, we call on airlines not to force themselves to operate in thick haze,” Jasirin said.

Almost all regions in North Sumatra, including Binjai on the border with Aceh, are now covered in haze thought to have drifted from Jambi and Riau provinces.

“All of central Binjai is blanketed in thick haze. It’s very disturbing,” city transportation driver Razman told the Post on Thursday.

Low visibility caused by thick haze has also brought the local airport in Riau to a standstill.

The Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency’s (BMKG) Pekanbaru station reported that Pekanbaru city and Pelalawan regency were suffering exceptionally low visibility of 200 meters as of 7 a.m. on Thursday.

As of Thursday afternoon, only two flights had taken off from Sultan Syarif Kasim II International Airport (SSK II) in Pekanbaru.

Crowds of passengers began to amass at the airport as Citilink and other airlines announced the cancellation of all their regularflights.

For safety reasons, at least 15 flights from a number of cities across Indonesia destined for SSK II airport were canceled indefinitely. Previously on Wednesday, 14 flights were delayed for over four hours for the same reason.

Smog was similarly blanketing almost the entirety of West Sumatra province on Thursday, moving boy and girl scouts (Pramuka) in Sawahlunto city to take to the streets to distribute pollution masks to passersby after the local administration failed to do so.

“We only have 500 masks to distribute. They go pretty quickly, as many motorcycle taxi drivers ask for one. They’re worried the haze will make them ill,” the deputy chairman of Pramuka’s Sawahlunto branch, Tumpak Abdurrahman, told the Post on Thursday.

- Rizal Harahap in Pekanbaru and Syofiardi Bachyul Jb in Padang contributed to this story.


Fires Rage On in Sumatra's Largest National Park
Jakarta Globe 4 Sep 15;

Jakarta. A massive fire has flared uncontrollably for three days, burning at least 100 hectares of protected forests in Sumatra's largest national park, a local watchdog said.

"We just informed the Bengkulu Disaster Mitigation Agency [BPBD] about three fire hot spots that have yet to be extinguished for the past three days," Nurcholis Sastro, head of the Bengkulu Disaster Risks Activist Community, said on Friday as quoted by news portal Kompas.com.

According to Nurcholis, the agency conceded that they hadn't known about the fires that have been burning at three separated locations at the Kerinci Seblat National Park, which has a total area of 13,791 square kilometers, spanning four provinces: West Sumatra, Jambi, Bengkulu and South Sumatra.

Nurcholis said local residents had been using the slash-and-burn method to clear land, which went uncontrolled, causing the inferno.

"We hope the government will react immediately," he added.

Satellite imagery picked up more than 600 fire hot spots across Sumatra, with the provinces of Jambi, Riau and South Sumatra accounting for most of the sightings, Indonesia's weather agency (BMKG) said.

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