Best of our wild blogs: 4 Jun 12


Latest Green Jobs in Singapore [28 May - 3 Jun 2012]
from Green Business Times

Seahorse, nudis and more at Punggol Beach!
from wild shores of singapore

More FREE June walks at Pasir Ris mangroves
from wild shores of singapore

Climate change in the tropics: the end of the world as we know it? – Professor Richard Corlett from Raffles Museum News

Where is the Central Catchment Nature Reserve?
from Urban Forest

Indonesia eco-news review: Fisherman still using bombs to catch fish in Indonesia from Mongabay.com news by Rhett Butler

Pacific Swallow
from Monday Morgue


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PUB to make 90% of Singapore a catchment area

Every raindrop counts
PUB ramps up world-first technology that will make 90% of the island a catchment area
Woo Sian Boon Today Online 4 Jun 12;

SINGAPORE - For a country that brought to the world the technology to recycle sewage into high-grade reclaimed potable water, the Republic is now making strides in another world-first: Variable salinity technology, which would turn almost the entire island into a water catchment area, as national water agency PUB strives to make use of every drop of rainwater.

TODAY has learnt that, following a successful pilot, PUB plans to ramp up the technology, having recently identified eight potential sites across the island, including one at Jurong, at which to build new plants.

PUB had revealed that it was looking at using more of the technology - without giving details - in a letter to this newspaper last month, in a response to a reader's suggestion to harness water in the streams and rivulets near the shoreline.

Currently, two-thirds of Singapore's land surface is a water catchment area. But, according to PUB, a considerable amount of rainwater still goes to waste at smaller rivulets situated at the island's outskirts. With the new technology - which has the dual function of generating potable water from brackish water and sea water - about 90 per cent of the island will become a water catchment area.

During wet spells or periods of heavy rainfall, an inflatable rubber weir built into a canal retains rainwater that is otherwise drained into the sea.

The water from the canal is transferred to a variable salinity plant. During the purification process, the water is filtered to remove particles of less than 100 micrometres in size. The water is then desalted when it is run through reverse osmosis membranes.

During dry spells, however, the variable salinity plant switches to "seawater" mode, and seawater is pumped into the plant from a pipe spanning 190m offshore.

The seawater stream is passed through seawater reverse osmosis membranes and then through the brackish water reverse osmosis membranes to obtain salt-free water.

PUB spokesperson Sarah Hiong told TODAY: "The variable salinity plant is the first of its kind in the world, and is designed to produce drinking water from seawater and brackish water at an affordable cost."

With some parts of the island seeing ony minimal rain for up to four-fifths of the year, it would not have been cost effective to build conventional systems for small catchments such as streams and rivulets near the shorelines.

The PUB launched a prototype variable salinity plant at the Bedok NEWater facility in 2004. Bouyed by its success, a S$7.4-million demonstration-scale plant was constructed in 2007 at Sungei Tampines. And for the past five years, the plant has been working around the clock, processing up to 2 million gallons (9.1 million litres) of brackish rainwater per day - or about 0.5 per cent of Singapore's daily water consumption, which stands at 380 million gallons.

Like NEWater, the water processed by this latest technology is safe for drinking, meeting or surpassing drinking water quality guidelines and standards by the World Health Organization and the United States Environmental Protection Agency.

But as the yield is small, all product water is currently used to augment the supply of NEWater used to meet industrial needs.

Ms Hiong noted that 55 per cent of Singapore's total water demand comes from the industrial sector. "NEWater is primarily supplied to industries, and (the new technology) frees up potable water from catchment areas for household consumption," she said.

Four of the potential sites identified for new variable salinity plants are in the eastern part of the island, and two each in the western and north-western parts. One of the sites -to be situated in Jurong - will ultimately be capable of processing 1.3 million gallons of seawater or 2.6 million gallons of brackish water per day.

As the new technology make inroads here, members of the public have more reasons not to litter.

"Rubbish thrown on the ground can be washed into drains when it rains, and end up in a canal, which is collecting rainwater for our water supply," Ms Hiong pointed out.


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Malaysia: Johor refinery needs to double to bear fruit

Malaysia can complement Singapore and create another Amsterdam-Rotterdam-Antwerp(ARA)
Thomas Huong The Star 4 Jun 12;

Dialog needs to double Pengerang capacity for regional oil hub plan to bear fruit

PETALING JAYA: Dialog Group Bhd's RM5bil Pengerang terminal in Johor may need to double its total storage capacity to 10 million cu m if plans to turn the area into a regional oil storage and trading hub were to bear fruit.

Dialog executive chairman Ngau Boon Keat told StarBiz that the oil and gas multi-discipline technical service provider was conducting studies on the potential demand for liquefied national gas (LNG) storage at the terminal.

Ngau said the natural deepwater and strategic location of Pengerang had attracted the attention of potential oil and gas investors from Taiwan and other countries recently.

“Pengerang has the potential to be bigger than what we anticipated originally. If done properly, the petrochemical industry in Pengerang and Singapore's Jurong Island (combined) can be bigger than Rotterdam in the Netherlands. In 20 years, Pengerang itself could surpass Rotterdam,” said Ngau.

To recap, in Pengerang, Petroliam Nasional Bhd (Petronas) has plans for a RM60bil integrated refinery and petrochemical complex, known as Rapid, which is expected to be commissioned by the end of 2016, while Dialog, together with Netherlands-based Royal Vopak group, are developing an independent deepwater petroleum terminal.

The independent deepwater petroleum terminal will provide storage, blending and distribution services for oil products and will be capable of handling ultra large crude oil carriers.

The terminal, to be completed in the next six years, is presently planned with a total storage capacity of five million cu m covering 500 acres reclaimed land.

According to Ngau, the Pengerang terminal has the advantages of having deepwater (24m) jetty facilties and a strategic location that is next to international sea lanes.

The Johor state government also has a 10% stake, via its investment arm the State Secretary Johor Inc, in the terminal project.

Ngau reiterated that Pengerang has natural resources and advantages that Singapore and Rotterdam lack.

“Rotterdam, as the world's biggest oil refining and petrochemical hub, is the pride of the Dutch. They are still reclaiming land from the North Sea. They are very efficient. Jurong has limited land and is finding it hard to grow further.”

However, Ngau stressed that the country needed to create a cost-efficient environment for oil and gas investors to operate in.

“Whoever comes to Pengerang is looking at cost efficiency. It is not so much about the cheap land or incentives. Rather, it is because Pengerang is the most efficient location for doing business. These are huge investments. For example, on an investment of RM120bil, if you are 5% more effficient, then you generate a RM6bil advantage against others,” he said.

Ngau said when Rapid was commissioned at end-2016, it would be the first oil refinery of significant size in almost two decades in South-East Asia, since a Petronas-ConocoPhillips joint venture refinery in Malacca was added in 1998 and excluding a refinery in Dung Quat, Vietnam that was opened in early 2009. Rapid, which is known as the Refinery and Petrochemicals Integrated Development project, will comprise a crude oil refinery with 300,000 barrels per day capacity, a naphtha cracker that will produce about 3 million tonnes of ethylene, propylene, C4 and C5 olefins per year, and a petrochemicals and polymer complex.

“Singapore is not building refineries because it has limited land. Singapore's Jurong is full. The only way it can grow is by buying sand. It is buying sand from as far as Cambodia and Vietnam. It has gone downstream, into producing petrochemical products,” he said.

According to Ngau, Pengerang will not be competing against Singapore.

“We will complement Singapore. We can go into primary and secondary petrochemical products. But, for us to go into tertiary products, it would take us at least 10 to 15 years to catch up with Singapore.”

Ngau said Rapid would be using using the latest technologies and designs for modern products.

“So, Singapore will buy the raw materials they need from us and vice versa. That is why I say we will complement each other.”

According to Pemandu's (Performance Management and Delivery Unit) handbook on the Economic Transformation Programme (ETP), the Pengerang terminal is expected to generate RM1.6bil in gross national income (GNI) by 2020 through three streams.

“First, independent logistic players will charge storage fees, generating RM500mil in additional GNI. Second, the availability of storage will drive additional shipping volumes, generating an expected RM300mil in GNI. Lastly, trading of crude oil and petroleum products is expected to generate an additional RM800million in GNI.”

It was estimated that 800 new jobs will be created from the Pengerang terminal venture, excluding any spin-off from other sectors.

The ETP report said that with port locations on major shipping routes for crude oil and refined products, its close proximity to Singapore, land availability and deepwater marine accessibility, Malaysia is well placed to complement Singapore in the oil storage industry.

“Together, Malaysia and Singapore could operate to form a hub like Amsterdam-Rotterdam-Antwerp (ARA), which complement each other in areas of refining capacity, independent storage and blending capacity as well as access to markets.”

The report also noted that in South-East Asia, Singapore has traditionally had a significant presence in the oil storage industry, with a total of 10 million barrels of independent storage capacity (capacity which is owned by third party operators and contracted out to oil companies, refiners and traders).

“In addition, by 2007, Singapore had built a significant trading business worth more than RM1 trillion in physical oil trade and RM2 trillion in derivative trade. In the last three years, Singapore has more than doubled its independent storage capacity with the commissioning of the Universal and Helios terminals, which are already operating at capacity.”


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Malaysia: 171 pangolins bound for Thailand seized

Sharifah Mashsinah Abdullah New Straits Times 4 Jun 12;

RM340,000 DELICACY: Police detain 5 and seize two vehicles

KOTA BARU: STATE police prevented 171 pangolins worth RM340,000 from ending up in cooking pots in Thailand with the arrest of five men on Saturday.

The men, aged between 30 and 45, were detained in two operations in Jeli and Bachok.

Police said in Jeli, they detained two men at a roadblock near the Mara Junior Science College at 4am and seized 16 pangolins from them.

They also seized the four-wheel-drive vehicle the duo were in.

Some 20 hours later, another police team in Bachok seized 155 pangolins packed into nets from three men while they were at an unnumbered house in Kampung Alur Tok Majan.

Another 4WD vehicle was also seized here.

The pangolins (manis javanica) and the five local men were later handed over to the state Wildlife and National Parks Department.

Department assistant officer Cosmas Ngau said the pangolins were believed to have been brought into Kelantan from other states several hours before they were seized.

"We believe the pangolins were being smuggled to Thailand separately through Bukit Kayu Hitam in Kedah and Rantau Panjang."

Ngau said pangolin flesh, popular as a delicacy and for its perceived "health benefits" could fetch up to RM350 and RM380 per kg on the black market.

He said the seizure in Bachok was the biggest over the past five years.

"One of the pangolins seized in Bachok is also the biggest seized by us so far. The male pangolin weighed 10kg."

The rare ant-eating animal feeds a mainly Asian market, where pangolins are eaten as delicacies and their scales sought after for various remedies.

Pangolin scales are made chiefly of keratin, a substance believed to have curative value in traditional Asian medicine despite scientific evidence to the contrary.

MMEA foils an attempt to smuggle pangolins out of Malaysia
The Star 4 Jun 12;

MALACCA: The authorities had foiled an attempt to smuggle 26 pangolins into the country through the sea.

Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency (MMEA) enforcement officers arrested two people and seized a sampan following a public tip-off.

MMEA officers intercepted a small vessel near Pulau Hanyut at Pengkalan Balak in Alor Gajah.

The enforcement team found 26 bags containing pangolins on the detained vessel.

Kuala Linggi MMEA chief Captain Abu Bakar Idris said the pangolins that are listed as endangered species had an estimated a street value of RM50,000.

The live animals, he added, were meant to exported elsewhere after arriving in the waters off Malacca.

“We have handed over the pangolins to the Department of Wildlife and National Parks (Perhilitan).”

The two men aged 40 and 41 who were detained by the MMEA enforcement officers could not produce any legal documents for the animals.

The case, said Capt Abu Bakar, is now being investigated under the Wildlife Conservation Act 1020 (Act 716) and the International Trade in Endangered Species Act 2008 (Act 686).


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France To Ban A Syngenta Pesticide To Protect Bees

Gus Trompiz PlanetArk 4 Jun 12;

France To Ban A Syngenta Pesticide To Protect Bees Photo: Christian Hartmann
Agrochemicals maker Syngenta's logo is pictured during the annual news conference in Zurich February 6, 2009.
Photo: Christian Hartmann

France said it plans to ban a pesticide made by Swiss agro-chemical group Syngenta that is widely used to treat rapeseed crops after scientists suggested it could pose danger to bees.

A sharp decline in bee populations across the world in recent years, partly due to a phenomenon known as Colony Collapse Disorder, has prompted criticism of pesticide use, although research has yet to show clearly the causes of falling bee numbers.

France intends to withdraw the permit of the Cruiser OSR pesticide used for coating rape seeds, pending a two-week period during which Syngenta can submit its own evidence, Agriculture Minister Stephane Le Foll said on Friday.

The decision was based on a report from French health and safety agency ANSES, which went along with recent scientific findings suggesting that a sub-lethal dose of thiamethoxam, a molecule contained in Cruiser, made bees more likely to lose their way and die.

"To protect rapeseed plants there exist alternatives to coating seeds that are already widely used. If the withdrawal of the authorization (for Cruiser OSR) is confirmed, farmers will therefore have solutions to call on," Le Foll said in a statement.

Syngenta rejected the move as based on a single study and not backed up by field observations.

"Currently in France you have 650,000 hectares that are cultivated (with Cruiser-treated rapeseed), and there are no cases of bee mortality identified as being linked to Cruiser," Laurent Peron, head of corporate communication for Syngenta France, told Reuters.

This crop area amounts to nearly half of about 1.5 million hectares of rapeseed sown in France. In Europe, more than 3 million hectares of rapeseed use Cruiser, including in Germany, Peron said.

FRANCE SEEKS EU REVIEW

France is the largest crop producer in the European Union and with Germany is the leading EU grower of rapeseed, used for making vegetable oil and biodiesel fuel.

The French ban on the pesticide will take effect before the start of the next rapeseed sowing campaign in late summer, a farm ministry official said, stressing that it would not affect versions of Cruiser used for other crops such as maize (corn).

France also has asked the European Commission to reconsider its criteria for authorizing Cruiser for rapeseed ahead of the next sowing campaign, Le Foll said.

In its report, ANSES said while exposure of bees to thiamethoxam in actual field conditions was lower than in the recent study on bee navigation, a similar level could not be excluded in some circumstances.

More research is needed at European level on the impact on bees as well as a broader review of the neonicotinoid family of substances to which thiamethoxam belongs, it said.

In a separate opinion published on Friday, the European Food Safety Authority said doses of neonicotinoids tested in the bee research were above the highest residue levels actually recorded in plant nectar, adding that more studies were needed to evaluate exposure in different field situations.

Dave Goulson of Stirling University in Scotland, who led another recent study on risks to bees from neonicotinoids, said there was growing evidence that these chemicals may play a role.

"It would be massively oversimplifying to say that these chemicals are the only cause of bee decline, although it is clear they are a part of the problem," he told Reuters.

(Additional reporting by Sybille de La Hamaide in Paris, Charlie Dunmore in Brussels and Martin De Sa'Pinto in Zurich, editing by Jane Baird)


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Stay or go? Some towns are eyeing retreat from sea

Alicia Chang and Jason Dearen Associated Press Yahoo News 2 Jun 12;

LOS ANGELES (AP) — Years of ferocious storms have threatened to gnaw away the western tip of a popular beachfront park two hours drive north of Los Angeles. Instead of building a 500-foot-long wooden defense next to the pier to tame the tide, the latest thinking is to flee.

Work is under way to gauge the toll of ripping up parking lots on the highly eroded west end of Goleta Beach County Park and moving a scenic bike path and buried utility lines inland away from lapping waves.

Up and down the California coast, some communities are deciding it's not worth trying to wall off the encroaching ocean. Until recently, the thought of bowing to nature was almost unheard of.

But after futile attempts to curb coastal erosion — a problem expected to grow worse with rising seas fueled by global warming — there is growing acknowledgment that the sea is relentless and any line drawn in the sand is likely to eventually wash over.

"I like to think of it as getting out of the way gracefully," said David Revell, a senior coastal scientist at ESA PWA, a San Francisco-based environmental consulting firm involved in Goleta and other planned retreat projects.

The issue of whether to stay or flee is being confronted around the globe. Places experimenting with retreat have adopted various strategies. In Britain, for example, several sites along the Essex coast have deliberately breached seawalls to create salt marshes, which act as a natural barrier to flooding.

In the U.S., the starkest example can be found in Alaska, where entire villages have been forced to move to higher ground or are thinking about it in the face of melting sea ice. Hawaii's famous beaches are slowly shrinking and some scientists think it's a matter of time before the state has to explore whether to move back development.

Several states along the Atlantic coast have adopted policies meant to keep a distance from the ocean. They include no-build zones, setbacks or rolling easements that allow development but with a caveat. As the sea advances, homeowners promise not to build seawalls and must either shift inland or let go.

Over the past half-century, the weapon of choice against a shrinking shoreline has been building a seawall or other defense. Roughly 10 percent of California's 1,100-mile coast is armored. In Southern California, where development is sometimes built steps from the ocean, a third of the shore is dotted with man-made barriers.

While such buffers may protect the base of cliffs, and the land and property behind them, they often exacerbate the problem by scouring beaches, making them narrower or even causing them to disappear.

This is one reason state coastal regulators in 2009 turned down a proposal by Santa Barbara County to fortify an eroding section of Goleta Beach park lashed by periodic storms. A rock wall was built as a temporary stopgap, but a long-term solution was needed. After the state rejected the construction of another hard structure, park officials, working with environmentalists, came up with a Plan B: Move gas, water and sewer lines out of the risk zone. Relocate a bike path to higher ground. Demolish 150 parking spaces and allow the acre of asphalt to be reclaimed by the beach.

Last month, the county Board of Supervisors gave the go-ahead for an environmental review. Work could begin next year if the $4 million plan passes other regulatory hurdles.

Around California, relocation of coastal infrastructure and development is being pushed by the Surfrider Foundation and other environmental groups. But the efforts also are being driven by increased awareness of climate change. Sea level has risen by 7 inches over the last century in California. By 2050, it's projected to rise between 12 to 18 inches.

San Francisco is mulling a significant retreat on its western flank where the scenic Great Highway is under assault from the Pacific. Erosion has inched closer to the roadway each year, and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers continues girding segments with broken-up rock, a costly temporary fix that has had limited success.

The San Francisco Planning and Urban Research Association favors mixing retreat with coastal armoring. City, state and federal agencies are considering the group's plan, which calls for moving segments of the Great Highway inland and allowing sand dunes to reclaim some of the paved-over space. The group also wants a temporary seawall to protect a sewer tunnel that's part of a multi-billion dollar sewage and storm water system expected to be affected by sea level rise while money is raised to relocate it in about 50 years.

South of San Francisco, the beach town of Pacifica has been an early adopter of planned retreat as it battles constant erosion. The city in 2002 purchased some homes that were at risk of falling into the sea and demolished them.

This summer, the city of Ventura is pressing ahead with its $4.5 million retreat. Last year, crews removed a disintegrating oceanfront bike path at Surfer's Point, a popular surfing spot, and built a new one farther inland. The beach was widened and cobblestone was put down.

Mark Gold, associate director at UCLA's Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, commended local efforts but thinks a large-scale approach is needed.

"It's definitely something that needs to be taken a lot more seriously," Gold said.

So far, most of the scaling back in California has occurred on public land. It's a harder sell for private property owners to take the same action unless beachfront homes are on the verge of being submerged. The state, however, has a built-in retreat: People who want to build new oceanside construction agree not to build a seawall if their homes become threatened in the future.

Charles Lester, executive director of the California Coastal Commission, said planned retreat is an attractive option in theory, but it's hard to execute in densely populated coastlines where there may not be room to move back. Still, he said it's a tool worth using where possible.

Just don't call it surrender.

"I don't think it's giving up. It's about making a smart, sustainable decision," said Gary Griggs, who studies coastal erosion at University of California, Santa Cruz.


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Best of our wild blogs: 3 Jun 12


After Sungei Buloh: The Wrong Idea of what ‘Environment’ is
from the kent ridge common by Aloysius Foo

9 Jun (Sat): FREE film screening of "OceanWorld"
from wild shores of singapore

Help battle marine trash on World Oceans Day cleanup @ PR6 (9th June, 8.30am) from News from the International Coastal Cleanup Singapore

Evening at Pasir Ris mangroves
from Adventures with the Naked Hermit Crabs

120511 Bukit Batok
from Singapore Nature and 120511

Libellago lineata (Golden Gem)
from Everyday Nature

Festival of Biodiversity - Singapore 26May2012
from sgbeachbum

ButterflyCircle at the Festival of Biodiversity
from Butterflies of Singapore

Why do birds call when preening?
from Bird Ecology Study Group


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Sentosa: The little island that could

Sentosa has come a long way since it was called Pulau Blakang Mati. Now in its 40th year, it has become a glitzy resort island
Kimberly Spykerman Straits Times 3 Jun 12;

Sometimes it would be crates of oranges or apples. Other times, bales of unprocessed rubber or drums of cooking oil - wares that had fallen out of the net while being transported from cargo ships to the waiting bumboats.

Those were the sort of cargo that would wash up on the shores of Pulau Blakang Mati - now Sentosa - in the 1950s and 1960s, and a teenage Masturi Lehwan would be waiting with his friends to scoop them up.

'Some of it would still be edible so we would eat it on the spot. The other stuff, we would sell to the karung guni for $1.50 or $2, which was quite a lot of money at the time... then we'd have a bit of extra to go to the cinema,' recalls Mr Masturi, now 58, with a cheeky grin that gives a glimpse of the youth he once was.

Having grown up in a kampung on the island, he has witnessed its transformation from a peaceful, idyllic sanctuary to a modern enclave of theme parks, hotels and multi-million-dollar mansions. This year marks the 40th anniversary of the creation of Sentosa.

His kampung - a collection of wooden huts and attap houses located at what is now Resorts World Sentosa - was made up of about 100 families. It had a provision shop, a barber, a tailor, places of worship and even a taxi service operated by a man known as Uncle Lai, who ferried villagers around in a cream-coloured station wagon.

Whenever a trip to mainland Singapore was required, a motorised sampan or bumboat took them there for only 30 cents.

At the time, Mr Masturi says, they shared the island with the Gurkha infantry units. Before that, the British army used it as the base of the Royal Artillery Garrison.

In 1972, the Sentosa Development Corporation was set up to develop the island into a tourist destination and attract more visitors to Singapore.

A contest had been organised two years earlier to rename the island and reflect its transformation into a recreational resort. Five people submitted the name Sentosa, which means 'tranquillity' in Malay. Pulau Blakang Mati translates to 'island of those who die behind' - a reference to a malaria outbreak on the island in the late 1840s.

Though the islanders were resettled in the Telok Blangah area by 1975, Mr Masturi never really left. A young man by then, he was working as one of the manual labourers tasked to build the island's new golf course. He is now the golf course supervisor at Sentosa Golf Club.

His wife, Madam Asmah Aziz, 54, started work on Sentosa in 1976 as a guide on double-decker buses, keeping up a commentary for the tourists. She recalls that there were only three main attractions at the time: the Coralarium, which housed coral exhibits; Fort Siloso, a former British fortress, and the Surrender Chamber, containing wax figure tableaux of the British army's World War II surrender to the Japanese, and vice versa. There was also only one hotel - the Apollo Sentosa Resort.

Former head of the Urban Redevelopment Authority, Mr Alan Choe, one of the board's pioneer members and its chairman from 1985 to 2001, said that the initial effort to turn Sentosa into a tourist destination was 'pretty basic'.

'The focus was on access to and around the island, preservation of the flora and fauna, re-adapting old military buildings to house attractions and creating interesting local attractions for visitors to enjoy,' he said.

The creation of an island paradise went as far as transplanting 200 coconut trees from Punggol onto Sentosa to 'beautify' the place as such trees were not native there, The Straits Times reported in 1975.

Under Mr Choe's watch, some of the island's most memorable icons came to life, such as the ferry terminal, the old monorail, the cable cars, the musical fountain, Underwater World, as well as the majestic Merlion tower.

Other attractions have come and gone. Now defunct: Fantasy Island, the water park modelled after Typhoon Lagoon in Florida, and theme parks Asian Cultural Village and Volcano Land.

Sentosa also hosted a rock gig by American band Bon Jovi, as well as performances by singers Rick Price and Jimmy Barnes in the 1990s. An Australian television series called Tanamera: Lion Of Singapore was filmed in 1989 in an old army barracks which is now the Capella Hotel's main lobby, and an episode of popular 1970s American detective show Hawaii Five-O was filmed on the cable car line.

These days, the island is better known for its pristine man-made beaches and laidback beach bar culture. For years now, many revellers have made the pilgrimage to its sandy beaches to party the night away at ZoukOut.

With the opening of Resorts World Sentosa in 2010, boasting a casino and Universal Studios Singapore, visitor numbers have spiked.

Last year, visitor numbers hit 19 million - a 7.3 per cent year-on-year increase over the same period in 2010. The luxe factor was also upped with the building of Sentosa Cove, a residential area expected to have 2,000 homes by 2014.

While Singaporeans are loving the bustle of the island, they do miss its quiet rustic charm.

Health administrator Jo-Ann Lee, 41, says: 'There are lots more things to do on Sentosa now, but that means it's also so packed with tourists and Singaporeans that it can be a hassle fighting for a seat in eateries.'

Still, for Mr Masturi and Madam Asmah, Sentosa holds only sweet memories.

After all, it was where they met. Mr Masturi remembers how he would catch the tour bus after finishing his shifts so that he could catch a glimpse of Madam Asmah and talk to her.

Later when they got together, he would wait for her to finish work and they would take walks by the beach and have picnics there. The couple married in 1979 and now have three daughters, aged 32, 27 and 23.

'Most of the bus guides were women and many of them were very pretty, but there was just something about her I liked... I think I made the right choice,' he says with a laugh.

Background story

'I remember in the 1970s and 1980s when they were trying to improve the nightlife scene here, a lot of pop acts and performances were held at the amphitheatre. There were some very popular Malay acts that we got to watch, like Ziana Zain, Ramli Sarip and the band Wings.' - MR MASTURI LEHWAN ( with his wife, Madam Asmah Aziz), who used to live in Sentosa and is now a golf course supervisor there. He met his wife on the island

'My earliest memories of Sentosa are of going to the beach with my family and staying at the old two-storey colonial house chalets, overlooking the bushes and trees, and it got quite scary at night because it was always so quiet. I also loved the musical fountain - it was something we always went back to, even after seeing it many, many times.' - MS SITI JAFFAR, 29, entrepreneur

Island milestones
Straits Times 3 Jun 12;


Sentosa's swimming lagoon, which is now Palawan Beach, opened in 1974. -- PHOTOS: SENTOSA LEISURE GROUP

Pre-1970: Then known as Pulau Blakang Mati, the island was heavily fortified by the British and used as a base by the Royal Artillery garrison. During the Japanese Occupation, it was turned into a prisoner-of-war camp. It was also later occupied by the Gurkha regiment.

1970: Pulau Blakang Mati is renamed Sentosa, which means tranquillity in Malay.

1972: Sentosa Development Corporation is set up to develop the island into a tourist destination and attract more visitors to Singapore.

1974: The $6-million cable car transport system that links Sentosa to Mount Faber on the mainland starts operating with 43 cars.

The island's first attraction, the Coralarium (right), opens. It closed in 1995 and is now the Sentosa Cove arrival plaza. A swimming lagoon, now Palawan Beach, opens.

1975: Red-and-green double decker buses (below) are introduced to make it easier to get around the island.

Fort Siloso, a former fortress built by the British army, opens as an attraction.

1983: The Sentosa Monorail is introduced. It ceases operations in 2005 to make way for a new light rail system after visitors complain that rides on the non-air-conditioned trains are uncomfortable, too slow and noisy.

1984: The famed musical fountain is launched. In 2002, it is replaced by the new musical water-and-pyrotechnic show Songs Of The Sea.

1987: The ferry terminal opens with its distinctive white facade and clock tower. Ferry services later cease and the terminal is demolished in 2007.

1991: Underwater World opens and remains one of the most popular attractions on the island today.

1993: The $60-million Asian Village, a theme park opens, but closes in 2006 due to poor visitor numbers.

1994: The $52-million water theme park Fantasy Island opens. It closes in 2001.

1995: Another theme park, the $20-million Volcano Land, opens but also closes in 2006 due to poor visitor numbers.

1996: The 37m-tall Merlion tower, complete with viewing decks, opens.

1999: Dolphin Lagoon opens.

2000: The first ZoukOut is held on Sentosa, and draws 11,000 people. The beach bash soon becomes an icon, attracting revellers from all over the region. For its 10th anniversary in 2010, a record-breaking 30,000 people flock to the party on Siloso beach.

2007: The new monorail system, the Sentosa Express, is introduced.

2010: Resorts World Sentosa opens, which includes a casino and theme park Universal Studios Singapore.

Background story

'Growing up in the 1980s as a teen, there weren't many ?date' places. Sentosa seemed far away enough from the parents, and taking a cable car ride was romantic. I also miss the Monorail. It was a bit rickety, but I liked its simplicity, how low it was, going through tall trees, and being able to stick your head and hand out. It felt like doing a low-energy roller coaster!' - MS JO-ANNE LEE, 41, health administrator ISLAND MILESTONES

'I really liked Fantasy Island, even though I didn't get to go very often because it was really expensive at the time. The rides were quite exciting and after Big Splash (another water theme park) closed, it was the closest thing to an exciting theme park.' - MS JENNIFER SOH, 27, civil servant


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Singapore ... for diving - no, really!

Andrew Taylor Sydney Morning Herald 3 Jun 12;

WEDGED between the Shell oil refinery and three islands used by Singapore's air force for target practice, Pulau Hantu is not quite the tropical idyll one expects in south-east Asia.

It is certainly not one of the premier destinations for scuba divers, who tend to travel to Malaysia rather than explore the tiny islands and reefs that surround Singapore.

But Pulau Hantu is a quick 20-minute motorboat ride from Keppel Bay, home to Daniel Libeskind's latest architectural wonder - a series of skyscrapers that bend towards the sun like palm trees.

There are countless reasons why divers don't plunge into Singapore's warm waters, not least of which is that you're likely to see more diving into a vat of Guinness, says expat dive instructor Gary, who gave up his day job as a logistics manager for a life in neoprene instead.

The deafening roar of fighter jets breaking the sound barrier isn't exactly welcoming either, especially the one that zeroes in on Anjolie, the tiny three-metre boat that George, an Englishman with a porn star's moustache, has anchored next to the island's lagoon.

In the distance are the fun park rides of Sentosa Island and queues of rusting freighters waiting to unload their cargo to satiate Singapore's relentless consumers.

The island's history isn't exactly welcoming - hantu is the Malay word for ghost and apparently the island is full of the spirits of Malay warriors who found themselves on the wrong end of a duel. A more prosaic reason for the name might be because the island is partly submerged at high tide.

It was also a notorious graveyard for divers during the monsoon, Gary says, adding to the list of reasons I should have stuck to Singapore's main drawcard of shopping.

But the storm clouds are replaced by brilliant sunshine as I wriggle into my diving vest and flippers, check my oxygen tanks and hawk a mouthful of spit into my mask to clean it.

Gary even reckons we may encounter the island's other famous resident, the hawksbill turtle, so-named because its pointy head looks like a bird's beak.

I'd be happy to meet anything other than an oil slick as I perform a graceless backflip off the boat, into the brackish but reasonably clear waters.

Gary gives me a quick nod and a thumbs down, which in the sign language of diving means descend, and we leave the noisy, crowded surface for the serenity of the water below.

Diving is a lazy person's pastime where the less you move the slower you breathe and the longer you can stay submerged.

Despite its proximity to Singapore's bustling port, the reef look surprisingly healthy with an abundance of mushroom coral, which has the handy ability to change sex.

Besides gender-bending coral, a stingray flaps past like a bed sheet as well as clown fish, wrasse and a school of zebra-striped horrors that follow behind me like a pack of starving dogs.

One of the many pleasures of diving is being able to wee in front of other people without risk of social ostracism (emptying the bladder also conserves body heat).

Eventually the oxygen gauge ticks towards the red danger section and we slowly ascend to the surface to be greeted by a fighter plane streaking past us, its gun sight no doubt trained on our flippers.


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Best of our wild blogs: 2 Jun 12


Clean up Pasir Ris on World Ocean Day!
from wild shores of singapore

Oriental Pied Hornbills in urban Singapore
from Bird Ecology Study Group

Catching up with the Festival of Biodiversity
from Lazy Lizard's Tales


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Malaysia: Farmers of the forests

Aneeta Sundararaj New Straits Times 2 Jun 12;

With a number of threats looming, it is vital to document the hornbills’ deversity and ecological requirements, writes Aneeta Sundararaj

THE beautiful Belum-Temengor Forest Complex in Perak is one of the last refuges in Peninsular Malaysia for large mammals such as the Asian Elephant, Sumatran Rhinoceros, Malayan Sun Bear and Malayan Tiger, says Yeap Chin Aik, 36, Head of Conservation for the Malaysian Nature Society (MNS). The forest complex also showcases the world’s largest seasonal congregations of hornbills that make daily evening pilgrimages to the roosting sites south of Temengor during certain times each year.

Describing this enigmatic bird, Yeap adds: “Hornbills are unique because they nest in tree holes. They cannot make these holes themselves and rely on ‘excavators’ like woodpeckers for this.” They are also known as “farmers of the forests” because they play a crucial role in maintaining the forests’ ecosystem. “They are what’s called ‘frugivorous’, which means that hornbills feed on fruit like figs.”

Through dispersal and germination of the seeds from the fruit, hornbills influence the survival rate of several tropical forests tree species and keep the forests as functional as possible.

MNS conservation programme manager Maye Yap, 43, adds that: “Hornbills are very special. When you first go into the forest, it’s very quiet. But when these hornbills begin to flap their wings, the sound can be very loud. During the local migration period, when they can be seen in the hundreds or thousands, the sound these hornbills make can be overwhelming and...” She pauses then adds: “It’s magnificent.”

A sad note enters the discussion when Yeap points out that these hornbills are under threat. “There are generally three kinds of threat: loss of forests, degrading of forests and, being hunted. In Peninsular Malaysia, the hornbills face loss and degrading of the forests. In East Malaysia, they face all three,” he says. The threat to the hornbills’ habitat is mainly due to timber extraction. “Logging often targets the large, old trees, which are the prime nesting trees for hornbills.”

“The problem,” says Yeap, “is that no one champions these hornbills. In Europe, you’ll probably find someone who’s championing a snail. Here, with our wealth of biodiversity and exotic wildlife like marble cats and clouded leopards, hardly any animals have someone to champion them.”

Recognising such threats, MNS’s conservation programme aims to document the hornbills’ diversity and investigate their ecological and conservation needs in the forest complex. Since 2008, MNS has invited the public to support its work in monitoring these hornbills under a specific programme called the “Hornbill Volunteer Programme”. During the programme, volunteers venture into the forests and live amongst the Orang Asli in their kampung.
There are two packages that volunteers can choose from: opt for the first package and you’ll stay for three nights and four days in forest complex. The second package is a trip into the forest that lasts four nights and five days. “A huge part of the proceeds we receive from this programme go back to the Orang Asli people and the kampung,” says Yap.

Keep in mind that for the duration of your stay in the forest, there’ll be no water and no electricity. “This means that for many volunteers, who are 80 per cent urban folk, there’s no Internet and no phone. By 7.30pm, everything is quiet. And they have to do their washing in the river.” Hardships aside, every day you’re in the forest complex, you’ll take part in the daily flight census of the hornbills (once in the morning and once in the late afternoon) and collect relevant data.

In the years since this programme started, data collected by MNS has provided much food for thought. For instance, the number of hornbills recorded fluctuates. “One year, we had thousands. The next year, barely 100. Then next year, the numbers were up again. Why is this so?” asks Yeap. “Maybe, it’s because they’re changing their flight plan. Or the trees are not fruiting.”

Although no conclusions can yet be made, Yeap adds: “Having some data is better than having nothing.”

The magnitude of the challenge in collecting data is further emphasised when Yeap explains that these forests are difficult terrain. “You can view the hornbills in flight about five minutes away from the kampung. If you want to see where they nest, you have to go further into the jungle and hike up a very steep gradient. Also, we rely on the Orang Asli when we’re there and they are losing the knowledge that their ancestors had.”

Notwithstanding the challenges and hardships inherent in this programme, the response of past volunteers has been encouraging. “For many, the experience in the forest complex has been life-changing,” says Yap. She shares some of the many comments MNS has received which range from, “... being disconnected from handphone, email and FB was actually quite therapeutic” to “the simplicity of life... and the sheer joy of beginning and ending each day with the counting of the Hornbills, observing their flight pattern and eating behaviour mid-air”.

The last word lies with one volunteer whose words underscore the fact that if the current threats to conservation efforts are not addressed, the impact on the hornbill populations in the forest complex could be devastating and irrevocable: A greater awareness of our rich natural heritage, its vulnerability to human intrusion and the need to protect it.

Ultimately to see Temengor Forest Reserve declared a state park (and logging stopped, we saw barges ferrying logged timber a few times a day) and to have really eco-friendly tourism implemented (during our stay there we discovered that boat houses for tourists were lighting up fireworks, with carbide explosion for entertainment. The Orang Asli told us that this has been going on weekly for years). If possible, there should also be exposure to schoolchildren to be involved some way in the programme. After all, they are our future.

Types of hornbills

GLOBALLY, there are 54 species of hornbills. Thirty-one are found in Asia and Malaysia supports 10 species, namely:

• Black Hornbills
• Oriental Pied Hornbills
• Bushy-crested Hornbills
• White-crowned Hornbills
• Wreathed Hornbills
• Wrinkled Hornbills
• Plain-pouched Hornbills
• Great Hornbills
• Rhinoceros Hornbills
• Helmeted Hornbills

Be a volunteer

FANCY doing something different for the school holidays in August and September? If so, do become a volunteer for a programme run by the Malaysian Nature Society (MNS) aimed at conservation efforts for the globally threatened hornbills. This adventure will take you into the heart of the beautiful Belum-Temengor Forest Complex in Perak.

What: MNS’ Hornbill Volunteer Programme for 2012

When: Aug 3 to Sept 28

Contact details: Maye Yap (Conservation Programme Manager)

Malaysian Nature Society, JKR 641 Jalan Kelantan
Bukit Persekutuan
50480 Kuala Lumpur.
Tel: (60)3-2287 9422
Fax: (60)3-2287 8773
Website: www.mns.my
Email: hornbill.vp@gmail.com


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India: Rare Dugong population is on decline

Times of India 2 Jun 12;

AHMEDABAD: Gujarat Ecological Education and Research (GEER) Foundation has suggested that a study should be taken up with the help of deep sea scuba divers to estimate the exact population of Dugong along the India coast.

The population of this rare sea cow is on a decline along the Indian coast.

The Dugong population off the coast of Lakshadweep Islands seems to be extinct as there have been no recent sightings in the region. Officials also said that Dugongs were common in Andaman & Nicobar Islands during the British era, but populations steeply declined later due to poaching and habitat destruction. Dugongs are reported in Ritchie's Archipelago, North Reef, Little Andaman, Camorta and Nicobar Islands. However, large populations are no longer seen and numbers are believed to have been falling since the 1950s.

Officials said that observations made by the Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute and various other organizations in India have revealed that the dugong populations all over India are declining. At present, it seems that the largest population of dugongs in India is in Gulf of Mannar and Palk Bay region followed by Andaman and Nicobar Islands, although the population size is presumed to be very small.

The 2004 tsunami had damaged much of the dugong habitats in the Nicobar regions. Dugong population in Gulf of Kutch is also endangered.

A senior officer said that among the decline of Dugong population was mainly because of vessel strikes, habitat loss and degradation, disease, chemical pollutants, hunting, and incidental drowning in nets.

Dugongs are vulnerable to anthropogenic pressures as dependent only on sea grasses in coastal areas which now have been seriously damaged by fishing, trawling, and dredging. Dugongs have also been hunted for their meat, oil, hide, bones and teeth.

Officials said that the feeding grounds, sea grass beds are highly degraded due to change in the fishing technology. With mechanized boats replacing the non-mechanized boats for fishing in the shallow water there has been a degrading of the sea grass beds and destroying their habitats. Moreover, water pollution and siltation have also hampered this unique dugong habitat.

Officials said that the there was a need to identify other important and potential dugong habitats in the country and to bring them under the Protected Area Network for better conservation planning.


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