Best of our wild blogs: 22 Nov 13



Pulau Ubin and northern shores in the Draft Master Plan 2013
from wild shores of singapore and Southern Islands in the Draft Master Plan 2013 and Mandai mangroves in the Draft Master Plan 2013

Volunteer field assistants for research projects in biodiversity and ecology from The Biodiversity crew @ NUS

Part-time student assistant for civet radio-tracking study (Jan-Feb 2014, part-time thereafter) from The Biodiversity crew @ NUS

Calling all young leaders in Singapore
from Green Drinks Singapore

Butterflies Galore! : Common Three Ring
from Butterflies of Singapore

The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement No. 27
from Raffles Museum News


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Indonesia proposes to renew collaboration with Singapore to prevent forest fires

S Ramesh Channel NewsAsia 21 Nov 13;

SINGAPORE: Indonesia has proposed a draft Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) to renew bilateral collaborations with Singapore so as to prevent and reduce forest and land fires in Sumatra that cause transboundary haze pollution.

Singapore's Minister for Environment and Water Resources Vivian Balakrishnan revealed this on his Facebook posting on Thursday.

The minister said he has thanked his Indonesian counterpart for the draft MOU, which Singapore officials will be studying further, and he is pleased that both sides are making progress in the matter.

Dr Balakrishnan met the Indonesian Environment Minister Balthasar Kambuaya on Thursday on the sidelines of the UN climate change conference in Warsaw, where both ministers spoke about the progress of efforts to ease the haze problem following the ASEAN Leaders' Summit last month.

During the October summit in Brunei, ASEAN leaders agreed to adopt a regional haze monitoring system which will benefit the five countries which make up the Ministerial Steering Committee on Transboundary Haze, namely, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore,
Thailand and Brunei.

The Haze Monitoring System includes digitised land use maps and concession maps of fire-prone areas that cause transboundary haze, which will be shared on a government-to-government basis.

- CNA/nd


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More green spaces can reduce environmental impact of urban growth

Monica Kotwani Channel NewsAsia 21 Nov 13;

SINGAPORE: The recently released Draft Master Plan by the Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA) has promised more green spaces around planned new neighbourhoods, and experts say this could help reduce the environmental impact of urban growth significantly.

But they also emphasise that environmental sustainability will require more than just the building of facilities and hardware.

Some of the green features surrounding new residential and industrial developments that are laid out in the Master Plan include new bio-retention ponds to remove pollutants from storm water run-off, harnessing wind to naturally cool new buildings, and parks to bring recreational spaces closer to home.

Experts say these features can help reduce what is known as the urban heat island effect.

The effect occurs when the temperature in highly built-up developments is higher than rural areas, and can affect local wind and weather patterns.

They say that green spaces will also create more liveable surroundings.

Colin Tan, director and head (research and consultancy) at Suntec Real Estate Consultants, said: "In a densely-populated environment, we do feel the effects of overcrowding.

"And I think some of these green elements help to reduce some of these overcrowding feelings, and may be good for mental health."

“This overcrowding sometimes manifests itself in the "not-my-backyard" syndrome. You have people complaining about eldercare, hospice located next to you. Sometimes, it is not that people are heartless. But they feel that it is overcrowding --buildings more tightly packed together, feeling of claustrophobia."

The Master Plan focuses on environmental sustainability, and experts say this could be beyond just green features such as bio-retention ponds.

It could also be in the construction process, such as using recycled concrete from demolished buildings and using materials that have a low carbon footprint.

Dr Kua Harn Wei, Assistant Professor at the National University of Singapore's School of Design & Environment said: "We do need to see how we can green the entire process of building, rather than just focusing on the green features of the by-product."

But he said that environmental sustainability also needs buy-in from society, to integrate the "software" into the "hardware".

Dr Kua said: "Sustainability is not just about infrastructure, it's not waiting for the government or authorities to build things for us. It's about how we make use of these facilities in a responsible manner.

“So the onus is also on us, as the users and consumers, on how to make this whole Master Plan a success."

Dr Kua said this means residents must act responsibly to ensure everyone benefits from the new facilities and spaces.

- CNA/nd

Plans for pedestrianised streets, waterfront promenade in civic district
Eileen Poh Channel NewsAsia 22 Nov 13;

SINGAPORE: Singapore's civic district is set to be the country’s "civic and cultural" node.

The area is the historical and cultural heart of Singapore, with the Old Parliament House, Padang, Asian Civilisations Museum (ACM) and the Esplanade there.

Plans to strengthen this identity and increase its attractiveness include building new public spaces and improving pedestrian connectivity.

The Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA) announced the plan on Friday morning.

For a start, a small road at the Empress Place, between ACM and Victoria Theatre, will be closed to vehicles.

URA said it is also exploring pedestrianising other roads in the area, such as Connaught Drive, St Andrew's Road and Anderson Bridge.

Pedestrianised lanes are not new in Singapore.

The concept is already in place at Ann Siang Road and Haji Lane.

The latest addition is Circular Road, which saw the street being closed off to cars on weekends, beginning last month.

The F1 race track will also be adjusted to provide for a new public space within Empress Place, in front of Victoria Theatre.

Over at the Esplanade Park, a new waterfront promenade with stepped plazas will be built, allowing the public to get closer to the water.

The URA said it expects most of these plans to be completed by 2015 and will coincide with current developments in the area, such as the opening of the National Art Gallery, renovation of Victoria Theatre and an extension of ACM.

Fun Siew Leng, URA's group director for Urban Planning & Design, said: "All these institutions are coming together very, very well and it is very timely for the URA to undertake plans to see how we can upgrade the whole public realm, to tie all these institutions together."

The URA added that community involvement is important in the creation of better public spaces.

It is also inviting the public to submit design ideas for four public spaces in Singapore.

These are The Lawn @ Marina Bay, spaces along the Singapore River Promenade, an open space in Kampong Glam and Woodlands Civic Plaza.

Members of the public can submit their ideas at URA's website: http://www.ura.gov.sg/ideasforpublicity

- CNA/xq

URA calls for ideas on shaping public spaces across the island
Sumita Sreedharan Today Online 22 Nov 13;

SINGAPORE — The Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA) is inviting the public to have their say on how public spaces are shaped.

Two projects will be launched in the next four months to gather creative design ideas for public spaces.

The first is the ‘PubliCity: Your Ideas for Public Spaces’ project which aims to garner ideas on how to develop four different public spaces.

The spaces are the Marina Bay Lawn, the Promenade Space at North Boat Quay, the open space in Kampong Glam and the Woodlands Civic Plaza.

Up to 10 winners stand to win S$1,000 each and their ideas will serve as inspiration for future improvement projects in these public spaces.

The second project, ‘Pick a Bench, Pick a Place’, will begin in February next year. Members of the public will be invited to vote for their favourite bench designs, which are made from the seating planks from the former National Stadium, and choose a location they would like to see it installed.


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Malaysia's 'Lizard King' back in business: report

(AFP) Google News 22 Nov 13;

Kuala Lumpur — A notorious Malaysian wildlife trafficker dubbed the "Lizard King" for his smuggling of endangered reptiles is back in business, according to an Al Jazeera report that prompted outraged wildlife activists on Friday to demand action.

Anson Wong was arrested in August 2010 at Kuala Lumpur's international airport while attempting to smuggle 95 endangered boa constrictors to Indonesia.

He was sentenced to five years in jail, but a Malaysian appeals court freed him in 2012, sparking an outcry.

Malaysian authorities had said in the wake of Wong's arrest that his licences for legitimate wildlife trading were revoked.

But, in an investigative report, Al Jazeera said Wong and his wife Cheah Bing Shee were believed to be trading albino pythons and other wildlife from their base in the northern Malaysian state of Penang.

Trade in the pythons requires a permit, said the report by the Qatar-based network, which saw journalist Steve Chao go undercover to talk with wildlife dealers and associates of Wong's.
The report, called "Return of the Lizard King" and aired late Thursday, said documents also revealed shell companies used by Wong to hide his activities.

Illegal trade in wildlife is thought to be worth at least $19 billion a year worldwide, according to conservation groups.

Outraged conservationists demanded action from the government and expressed shock over the lax attitude by the authorities for failing to monitor Wong.

"The 'Return of the Lizard King' raises so many doubts and questions about Malaysia's commitment to that fight. It is time we had some solid answers from government," Shenaaz Khan, an official with wildlife-trade monitoring network Traffic, said in a statement.

Traffic views the revelations about Wong's post-prison activities with deep concern, and seeks a credible explanation on his apparent ability to continue trading wildlife despite government promises to the contrary, she said.

In Penang, Al Jazeera's Chao confronted Wong on camera, but he declined to comment.

Several of Wong's former associates also claimed that corrupt customs officials in Malaysia, Indonesia and Madagascar were helping to facilitate Wong's activities, the report said.

In a press release, Al Jazeera said Chao and his team worked with anti-trafficking groups to track Wong's Malaysian-based operation.

Kadir Hashim, enforcement director of Malaysia's wildlife department, confirmed Wong's permits remained revoked.

"The department is investigating both" Wong and Cheah, he said in an e-mail response to an AFP inquiry, without elaborating further.

Wong is described by wildlife groups as one of the world's most active smugglers of wild animals.

He was sentenced to 71 months in jail in the United States in 2001 after pleading guilty to trafficking in endangered reptiles.

Despite efforts by Southeast Asian authorities to crack down on animal smuggling, the practice persists and poses a threat to a number of threatened species, conservationists say.


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Struggle for agreement at UN climate talks as green groups walk out Matt McGrath

Matt McGrath BBC News 21 Nov 13;

Environmental campaigners walked out en-masse from climate talks here in Warsaw saying they felt no progress was possible.

Several hundred people left the national stadium venue amid anger over the slow pace of negotiations.

But UK climate secretary Ed Davey told reporters he still expected "modest progress" to be made.

And other negotiators indicated that a deal was possible on some of the most contentious issues.

The talks began almost two weeks ago in the wake of Typhoon Haiyan with an emotional plea for rapid movement from the Philippines lead delegate.

Yeb Sano, said it was time to "stop this madness" but his call has fallen on deaf ears according to many civil society groups like Oxfam, WWF and Action Aid.

"Governments are not doing enough," said Oxfam's Celine Charveriat, speaking to BBC News as she walked out of the talks.

"We need to tell them you are not allowed to make a mockery of this process. We can't continue to watch in silence. Enough is enough."

The conference has shipped a number of blows in recent days. Japan surprised the meeting by announcing that it would have to significantly revise its targets on emissions cuts.

Instead of being able to cut their carbon dioxide by 25% below 1990 levels, the Japanese admitted they would actually rise by 3%.

Getting shirty
There was also annoyance among negotiators from developing countries about the attitude of Australia, which, under new prime minister Tony Abbott, has signalled a more sceptical approach to climate issues.

Delegates were upset to see two members of the Australian team wearing T-shirts in a late night negotiation session, during which they were said to be blocking progress on key texts.

But campaigners have reserved most of their wrath for Poland. The government gave its backing to a meeting of the coal industry in the capital on Monday. On Wednesday, the environment minister who was chairing these talks was sacked in a government re-shuffle.

Executive director of Greenpeace International, Kumi Naidoo, was sharply critical of the overall handling of the talks.

"The Polish government has done its best to turn these talks into a showcase for the coal industry," he said.

But some of those engaged in trying to move the process forward were not so downbeat.

UK climate secretary Ed Davey said he was hopeful of "modest progress" and didn't expect the walkout by green campaigners to have an impact.

"The UK government works very well with NGOS, but I don't think their walkout affects the talks."

Mr Davey struck a hopeful note on two of the major issues outstanding at these negotiations.

Participants are trying to develop a framework for a global deal in 2015, that would be legally binding and applicable to all.

Bland ambition
However the text that has been circulating here is said to lacking in clarity and in ambition. Mr Davey believes it will emerge from these talks in a better shape.

"I can see a good landing ground on that, but we've got a bit of work to do and I think we may well be up for a long time tonight."

He was also hopeful that a deal could be done on the most contentious aspect, loss and damage. This is something that developing nations are desperately keen to see some progress on.

Richer countries are fighting tooth and nail against the idea of a legally binding compensation arrangement, that in their words, would see them on the hook for every storm in every part of the world, forever.

However, ambassador Ronny Jumeau, from the Alliance of Small Island States (Aosis), also struck a cautiously optimistic note. He said there were different definitions of compensation that could allow some movement in the talks.

"It depends how you view compensation," he told BBC News.

"It doesn't necessarily mean I am blaming someone for it."

"We are past the blame game here, there is no black and white division between whose emissions caused what where."

The talks are due to finish late on Friday but the expectation is that, as usual, it will be sometime on Saturday before the final gavel falls.


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Best of our wild blogs: 21 Nov 13



What does the bat say? Listening to echolocating, insect-eating bats on Kent Ridge from Otterman speaks

E-version of my book "Your first guide to water quality monitoring in Singapore" is out! from Water Quality in Singapore


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Draft Master Plan strikes good balance between economic & social needs: analysts

Eileen Poh Channel NewsAsia 20 Nov 13;

SINGAPORE: The Urban Redevelopment Authority's (URA's) Draft Master Plan offers a good balance between Singapore's economic and social needs, analysts said.

But they also pointed out possible areas of concern, such as the potential over-development of certain areas, which could affect their original character.

Holland Village is known for its quaint shophouses, restaurants and bars. And its unique character will be further expanded under the URA's Draft Master Plan.

A new extension is planned to be built in the next two years, and it has also been designated as an identity node. This means that the area's charm will be conserved and enhanced.

But some analysts said there is the risk of over-development.

Colin Tan, director and head (research & consultancy) at Suntec Real Estate Consultants, said: "The danger is that as you add on more density, and you build around Holland V, you may interfere with the natural evolution process.

“Sometimes making it more accessible and popular, you draw in other groups that may interfere with the original group that went to Holland V. When you have the accessibility, the MRT, you may bring in other people – tourists -- who may change the character of the whole place."

And with more crowds, challenges such as insufficient parking may surface.

Mr Tan said: "I think, for example, like in Joo Chiat itself -- Joo Chiat has come up because there are a lot of conserved shophouses.

“Next thing you know, there's overcrowding, illegal parking, and URA telling eateries that you can't have in-house dining, you can only have takeaways because they don't want to add to the congestion and to the problems of the residents there.”

But experts also said the Master Plan reflects a good balance between Singapore's economic and social needs.

Liang Eng Hwa, MP and deputy chairman of the Government Parliamentary Committee (GPC) for National Development, said: "We need to continue to allow Singapore to grow, and then to balance our other challenges like ageing, the desire to have more green space and so on.

“So this Master Plan actually strikes a very good balance between that. And I think it does take in a lot of inputs and feedback from a lot of areas and quarters."

Mr Liang also applauded the fact that the Master Plan builds on earlier efforts to make estates more liveable. These include better transport connectivity, more greenery and bringing jobs closer to homes.

The plan also aims to set aside land at the Woodlands Regional Centre specifically for small and medium enterprises (SMEs).

Analysts welcomed the move, saying that there has been too much focus on multi-national corporations.

Mr Tan said: "The strategy for us has always been an open economy, and we always depend on external trade and services. But we seem to have neglected the domestic sector."

But observers said more details are needed of the specific support to be provided to SMEs.

- CNA/nd

New residential developments announced under Draft Master Plan 2013
Eileen Poh Channel NewsAsia 20 Nov 13;

SINGAPORE: Singaporeans can expect some 15,000 new homes in central Singapore, more commercial hubs outside the city centre, and a new waterfront area in the future.

These are some of the plans laid out in the Draft Master Plan 2013.

The plan guides Singapore's development in the medium term and is reviewed every five years.

It was launched on Wednesday by the Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA).

New developments are expected at Marina South - an area which is currently largely occupied by construction.

These include an 800 metre-long pedestrian street with an underground shopping mall connecting two MRT stations - Marina South and Gardens by the Bay, a high-rise walkway from Gardens by the Bay right to the seafront, as well as 9,000 new homes.

Development of the area is expected to begin after 2017.

Over at Holland Village, a new extension has been planned to create more walkways and meeting spaces.

Some 1,500 residential units and a community park have also been proposed.

The first batch of developments is expected to be up and running in the next one to two years.

And for Kampong Bugis, the third residential development outlined in the Master Plan, it is set to be an eco-friendly and car-reduced precinct.

There will likely be fewer car parks in the area and water taxis could be offered as an alternative commuting mode to the city.

Some 4,000 housing units have been planned for the area as well.

Kampong Bugis has also been identified as a pilot site to serve as a model for sustainable water management practices internationally.

And like in earlier plans, the draft adopts the decentralisation strategy which means having people working closer to where they are living.

Other than creating sustained growth of the City Centre, more commercial hubs will be developed in areas like the Jurong Lake District and Woodlands.

A mixed-use integrated township in the west is one such project. Named 2 West, the URA says it will create a work, live, play and learn ecosystem integrated within a manufacturing environment.

2 West will comprise of the 50 ha CleanTech Park, Nanyang Technology University, Wenya Industrial park and part of the future Tengah Town.

The relocation of Tanjong Pagar, Keppel and Brani terminals by 2027 and Pasir Panjang terminal thereafter will free up 1,000 hectares of land. Some ideas have been planned for this vast area which will be called the Greater Southern Waterfront.

These ideas include building of a new reservoir between Tanjong Pagar and Pulau Brani, and creating an eco-corridor by joining up green spaces in the area such as Labrador Park, Southern Ridges and the Rail Corridor.

Other initiatives include dedicated cycling paths in the Central area, and new identity nodes at Holland Village, Serangoon Garden and Jalan Kayu.

This means URA will explore ways to conserve and enhance the special character of these three places as part of their land use planning.

The Draft Master Plan is on display at The URA Centre and on URA's website.

The public can give their feedback on the proposed plans, from Wednesday until December 19.

- CNA/fa


Waterfront provides recreation space, helps with water needs
Waterfront provides recreation space, helps with water needs
Sumita D/O Sreedharan and Woo Sian Boon Today Online 21 Nov 13;

SINGAPORE — The idea of building a reservoir at the Greater Southern Waterfront caught the eye of urban planners and experts, who felt the proposal could provide a new recreational space and additional water-catchment area.

Planners and experts described the Urban Redevelopment Authority’s (URA) Draft Master Plan as grand and comprehensive, but evolutionary rather than revolutionary.

But most were taken by the plans for the waterfront, which has an area about three times the size of Marina Bay.

The URA unveiled yesterday six preliminary conceptual plans for the waterfront, which includes a 30km stretch of waterfront promenade that extends from Labrador Park to Marina South, and encompasses Pulau Brani, a new reservoir created between the offshore island and Tanjong Pagar, and new residential and commercial districts along the coastline.

Associate Professor Ng Wai Keen, Programme Director at the National University of Singapore’s Urban Planning Programme, sees the Greater Southern Waterfront as crucial to Singapore’s growth, with intensified development in the area allowing for preservation of other pockets of greenery around the island.

“With the projected increase in population, the amount of green spaces per person will (decrease), so intensifying development in existing areas would allow us to hold off developing other pockets of land for as long as possible,” he said.

Mr William Lau, President of the Singapore Institute of Planners, felt some of the concepts are “fairly generic” and similar to earlier ideas that had been floated in past projects. An idea that piqued his interest was that of a possible reservoir between Tanjong Pagar and Pulau Brani.

“It is a fantastic plan and will be an engineering feat that will allow Singapore to create waterfront recreational spaces and help with our water needs in the future,” he said.

The area for the new waterfront will be freed up after all container-port activities are consolidated in Tuas after 2027.

With plans for two new residential areas — Kampong Bugis and Marina South — situated around the southern coast and along major waterways, some observers were less enthusiastic about URA’s push of water taxis as an alternative mode of transport.

Residents of ‘identity nodes’ hope for end to congestion woes
Xue JianYue and Amanda Lee Today Online 21 Nov 13;

SINGAPORE — They are glad that a slice of their past will be preserved for posterity. But some residents in estates earmarked as “identity nodes” under the Urban Redevelopment Authority’s (URA) latest plans also hope to see an end to a more current problem: Congestion woes.

Under the draft Master Plan 2013 announced yesterday, Jalan Kayu, Serangoon Garden and Holland Village — famed for their eateries and shophouses — have been added to the URA’s list of identity nodes, which means the character of these places will be preserved and enhanced even after redevelopment.

The housing estate at Jalan Kayu, famed for its roti prata stalls, draws crowds of people in cars on weekends. On weekdays, heavy vehicles drive through a one-lane road to a new aerospace park in Seletar, generating noise and dust.

Mr Ong Ah Chong, a 61-year-old resident, hopes that urban planners can cap the number of eateries at the Jalan Kayu shophouses due to the noise, smoke and heavy traffic past midnight.

On weekends, cars owned by non-residents occupy the scarce parking spaces in the estate.

“You can have preservation, but you shouldn’t have eateries,” the retiree said, pointing to six chimneys belonging to eateries behind his home. “All the washed laundry is affected.”

Another long-time resident, 85-year-old M Sinniah, hopes the shophouses can be preserved as they are the only surviving buildings from his younger days as a Royal Air Force store superintendent at Seletar Air Base. “The buildings are ... like my children,” he said, referring to the shophouses.

At Holland Village, shop owners and residents felt that more needs to be done to preserve the heritage of the area.

Mr Sam Thambi, whose family has been operating a magazine store there since the 1940s, said there used to be an open-air theatre in the 1980s.

“There were also mango trees, rambutan trees. But, with time, suddenly there are so many tall buildings. It feels like a city ... no more kampung atmosphere,” said the 39-year-old.

Like Jalan Kayu’s Mr Ong, he complains about congestion problems, noting that there are not enough car park lots. “Sometimes, my store becomes a drive-through magazine store. Customers just sit in the car, ask for a magazine and drive off,” Mr Thambi said.

For several other residents, preservation is not only about keeping old buildings intact — it also involves maintaining the ties among neighbours.

Serangoon Garden resident Low Moi In is worried that familiar faces will disappear from the estate if it undergoes redevelopment.

The 70-year-old said that for people of her age, “if we can keep the (things of the) past, it is the best”.


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Public feedback invited on Botanic Gardens management plan for UNESCO bid

Channel NewsAsia 20 Nov 13;

SINGAPORE: The National Heritage Board (NHB) and National Parks Board (NParks) have unveiled their proposed five-year site management plan for the Singapore Botanic Gardens.

A joint statement from the three parties issued Wednesday said the plan is part of the dossier that it will submit to UNESCO for the Gardens' World Heritage Site nomination.

Members of the public are invited to contribute their feedback on the plan.

Hard copies of the plan can be obtained from the three visitor service counters at the Gardens and the soft copy is available online at the Gardens' website.

The statement said where possible, feedback from the public will be incorporated into the nomination dossier, which will submitted to UNESCO by February 2014.

The World Heritage Committee will then deliberate on the nomination and decide if the Gardens is worthy of inscription as a World Heritage Site.

The statement also said that NHB and NParks have received over 100 feedback submissions on the nomination document -- the part of the dossier which was already made available to the public for feedback in September.

Most of the comments received either express support for the Gardens' nomination, or share memories of time spent at the Gardens.

The Gardens is Singapore's first nomination for inscription as a World Heritage Site.

- CNA/ec


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Does Singapore treat global warming seriously enough?

Sun Xi Today Online 20 Nov 13;

Singapore enjoys a favourable geographical location that shelters it from serious natural disasters. It is highly unlikely that a storm like Typhoon Haiyan would hit the island in the near future.

However, Singapore is not an isolated haven immune to climate change. The frequency of recent heavy downpours and flash floods is expected to increase as sea levels rise due to global warming.

The city-state is renowned for its environmental management expertise and contributes less than 0.2 per cent to global carbon emissions. Still, is global warming treated seriously enough here?

Although many Singaporeans find the air-conditioning in offices, cinemas, schools, public transport and other public areas too cold, is such energy wastage curbed?

Consumption habits fuelled by a high gross domestic product per capita are common in Singapore. Food wastage amounted to 703,200 tonnes last year, up 26 per cent from 2007. And although water is a scarce and precious resource in Singapore, wastage is still high.

The per capita domestic water consumption is 152 litres per day (the goal is 140 litres by 2030), whereas cities such as Hamburg in Germany and Barcelona in Spain hope to lower usage to less than 100 litres by 2015. (“It’s drought, not floods, S’pore should fear”; March 18)

We should really play our part to curb climate change, starting with our daily life. Otherwise, we may also be victims of environmental disasters eventually.


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Singapore calls for strong global commitment & action to tackle climate

Channel NewsAsia 21 Nov 13;

SINGAPORE: Singapore has called for strong commitment and action from the international community to deal with climate change.

Speaking at the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in Warsaw, Poland on Wednesday, Environment and Water Resources Minister Vivian Balakrishnan urged all parties to implement the decisions that were made in previous rounds of talks.

Delivering Singapore's national statement at the meeting, he said that is essential for credibility and momentum.

Dr Balakrishnan also said it is important for all nations on keep to the principles and provisions of the Framework Convention as they provide a strong and adequate foundation for action by all parties.

He further stressed the importance of universal participation, with all parties being equally legally bound to make a contribution to the new global agreement on climate change that is being negotiated.

Dr Balakrishnan said Singapore is fully committed to play its part in the global effort against climate change despite its constraints as a small city-state.

For instance, Singapore has pledged to reduce carbon emissions by 16 per cent below 2020 business-as-usual (BAU) levels if there is a legally-binding global agreement for all countries.

Ahead of that, Singapore has embarked on policies and measures to reduce emissions by 7 per cent to 11 per cent below 2020 BAU levels.

Singapore is also studying how its economic strategies and industrial structure can best respond to and take advantage of a low-carbon future.

He said Singapore can act as a test-bed for innovative best practices in urban management and sustainability, and has been actively sharing experiences and expertise in green development with other developing countries.

Rounding off his speech, Dr Balakrishnan called all countries to build a durable, balanced framework to strengthen the multilateral, rules-based system and secure a safer, more resilient future for all.

- CNA/xq


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Malaysia-Singapore high speed rail project on track

The Star 21 Nov 13;

PROPOSED talks have been scheduled next month between Malaysia and Singapore to get the Kuala Lumpur-Singapore high speed rail link project back on track, Minister in the Prime Minister’s Department Nancy Shukri said here.

She said the talks, which had been initially set for October, were postponed to next month.

“Negotiations on the high speed rail link project between Malaysia and Singapore will centre on technical and legal issues including financing and policies,” she said when answering a question raised by Wong Chen (PKR-Kelana Jaya).

However, she said, finer details of the proposed rail link were still not finalised pending discussions between the two countries.

To a supplementary question by Wee Ka Siong (BN-Ayer Hitam), Nancy said the rail link would pass through the Klang Valley, Negeri Sembilan, Malacca and Johor and on to Singapore.

Wee suggested that proper engineering planning is done to ensure the feasibility of project, to avoid technical problems such as that affecting the earlier proposed Kunming-Singapore Railway link.

Earlier this year, Malaysia and Singapore announced plans for the rail link, which is expected to cut land travelling time between the two countries to just 90 minutes.

The project, targeted to be completed by 2020, is expected to cost about RM40bil. Several local and foreign firms have been reported to have started talks to form consortiums to bid for the project.

The firms are MMC Corp Bhd, which may team up with Gamuda Bhd and Chinese and European system integrators and YTL Corp Bhd with Spanish bullet trainmaker Talgo or CAF.

Later Wong told reporters that Malaysia should insist that the Singapore government pays at least 50% of the costs for the high speed train project.

“All high speed train studies show that in two connecting cities, the bigger city becomes more prosperous.

“Since Singapore is the bigger city here, it will stand to benefit substantially through this project,” he said.

Wong also called for a joint management of the train service, and implementation of the high procurement standards of the Singapore government, in managing the high speed rail.


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Just 90 companies caused two-thirds of man-made global warming emissions

Chevron, Exxon and BP among companies most responsible for climate change since dawn of industrial age, figures show

Interactive - which fossil fuel companies are most responsible?

Suzanne Goldenberg The Guardian 20 Nov 13;

The climate crisis of the 21st century has been caused largely by just 90 companies, which between them produced nearly two-thirds of the greenhouse gas emissions generated since the dawning of the industrial age, new research suggests.

The companies range from investor-owned firms – household names such as Chevron, Exxon and BP – to state-owned and government-run firms.

The analysis, which was welcomed by the former vice-president Al Gore as a "crucial step forward" found that the vast majority of the firms were in the business of producing oil, gas or coal, found the analysis, which has been accepted for publication in the journal Climatic Change.

"There are thousands of oil, gas and coal producers in the world," climate researcher and author Richard Heede at the Climate Accountability Institute in Colorado said. "But the decision makers, the CEOs, or the ministers of coal and oil if you narrow it down to just one person, they could all fit on a Greyhound bus or two."

Half of the estimated emissions were produced just in the past 25 years – well past the date when governments and corporations became aware that rising greenhouse gas emissions from the burning of coal and oil were causing dangerous climate change.

Many of the same companies are also sitting on substantial reserves of fossil fuel which – if they are burned – puts the world at even greater risk of dangerous climate change.

Climate change experts said the data set was the most ambitious effort so far to hold individual carbon producers, rather than governments, to account.

The United Nations climate change panel, the IPCC, warned in September that at current rates the world stood within 30 years of exhausting its "carbon budget" – the amount of carbon dioxide it could emit without going into the danger zone above 2C warming. The former US vice-president and environmental champion, Al Gore, said the new carbon accounting could re-set the debate about allocating blame for the climate crisis.

Leaders meeting in Warsaw for the UN climate talks this week clashed repeatedly over which countries bore the burden for solving the climate crisis – historic emitters such as America or Europe or the rising economies of India and China.

Gore in his comments said the analysis underlined that it should not fall to governments alone to act on climate change.

"This study is a crucial step forward in our understanding of the evolution of the climate crisis. The public and private sectors alike must do what is necessary to stop global warming," Gore told the Guardian. "Those who are historically responsible for polluting our atmosphere have a clear obligation to be part of the solution."

Between them, the 90 companies on the list of top emitters produced 63% of the cumulative global emissions of industrial carbon dioxide and methane between 1751 to 2010, amounting to about 914 gigatonne CO2 emissions, according to the research. All but seven of the 90 were energy companies producing oil, gas and coal. The remaining seven were cement manufacturers.

The list of 90 companies included 50 investor-owned firms – mainly oil companies with widely recognised names such as Chevron, Exxon, BP , and Royal Dutch Shell and coal producers such as British Coal Corp, Peabody Energy and BHP Billiton.

Some 31 of the companies that made the list were state-owned companies such as Saudi Arabia's Saudi Aramco, Russia's Gazprom and Norway's Statoil.

Nine were government run industries, producing mainly coal in countries such as China, the former Soviet Union, North Korea and Poland, the host of this week's talks.

Experts familiar with Heede's research and the politics of climate change said they hoped the analysis could help break the deadlock in international climate talks.

"It seemed like maybe this could break the logjam," said Naomi Oreskes, professor of the history of science at Harvard. "There are all kinds of countries that have produced a tremendous amount of historical emissions that we do not normally talk about. We do not normally talk about Mexico or Poland or Venezuela. So then it's not just rich v poor, it is also producers v consumers, and resource rich v resource poor."

Michael Mann, the climate scientist, said he hoped the list would bring greater scrutiny to oil and coal companies' deployment of their remaining reserves. "What I think could be a game changer here is the potential for clearly fingerprinting the sources of those future emissions," he said. "It increases the accountability for fossil fuel burning. You can't burn fossil fuels without the rest of the world knowing about it."

Others were less optimistic that a more comprehensive accounting of the sources of greenhouse gas emissions would make it easier to achieve the emissions reductions needed to avoid catastrophic climate change.

John Ashton, who served as UK's chief climate change negotiator for six years, suggested that the findings reaffirmed the central role of fossil fuel producing entities in the economy.

"The challenge we face is to move in the space of not much more than a generation from a carbon-intensive energy system to a carbonneutral energy system. If we don't do that we stand no chance of keeping climate change within the 2C threshold," Ashton said.

"By highlighting the way in which a relatively small number of large companies are at the heart of the current carbon-intensive growth model, this report highlights that fundamental challenge."

Meanwhile, Oreskes, who has written extensively about corporate-funded climate denial, noted that several of the top companies on the list had funded the climate denial movement.

"For me one of the most interesting things to think about was the overlap of large scale producers and the funding of disinformation campaigns, and how that has delayed action," she said.

The data represents eight years of exhaustive research into carbon emissions over time, as well as the ownership history of the major emitters.

The companies' operations spanned the globe, with company headquarters in 43 different countries. "These entities extract resources from every oil, natural gas and coal province in the world, and process the fuels into marketable products that are sold to consumers on every nation on Earth," Heede writes in the paper.

The largest of the investor-owned companies were responsible for an outsized share of emissions. Nearly 30% of emissions were produced just by the top 20 companies, the research found.

By Heede's calculation, government-run oil and coal companies in the former Soviet Union produced more greenhouse gas emissions than any other entity – just under 8.9% of the total produced over time. China came a close second with its government-run entities accounting for 8.6% of total global emissions.

ChevronTexaco was the leading emitter among investor-owned companies, causing 3.5% of greenhouse gas emissions to date, with Exxon not far behind at 3.2%. In third place, BP caused 2.5% of global emissions to date.

The historic emissions record was constructed using public records and data from the US department of energy's Carbon Dioxide Information and Analysis Centre, and took account of emissions all along the supply chain.

The centre put global industrial emissions since 1751 at 1,450 gigatonnes.


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