Best of our wild blogs: 3 May 10

Tiger Cowrie at Terumbu Raya!
from wonderful creation with more about the great reef and other sightings on colourful clouds and wild shores of singapore and singapore nature and psychedelic nature

Special Feature: Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research
from The Lazy Lizard's Tales with individual posts and links for various creatures.

Monday Morgue: 3rd May 2010
from The Lazy Lizard's Tales

Feeding behaviour of a pair of White-breasted Waterhen
from Bird Ecology Study Group and Stork-billed Kingfisher manipulating a tilapia

Hanging on
from Rhinomania

Can markets protect nature?
from Mongabay.com news

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Copenhagen not a failure, got world's attention: MM

But political expediency makes it hard for countries to act, he says
Jeremy Au Yong Straits Times 3 May 10;

THE Copenhagen climate change summit last December was not a complete failure, said Minister Mentor Lee Kuan Yew, although world leaders failed to agree on carbon emission targets.

His reason: 'It brought minds to bear on the matter and everybody knows if you want me to do this, you got to commit yourself.'

But this lack of agreement to commit stems from one main stumbling block: the lack of political will of governments to tackle a long-term problem.

'Governments stay in power not by promising to cut down growth rates, but by promising a better life...So the idea of taking tough action now as against putting it off to a future generation - anyway, they will be out of office - the result is, let's put it off, we'll talk about it,' he told more than 1,000 delegates attending an international law conference.

MM Lee gave this frank assessment during a dialogue yesterday, the first day of a four-day conference of the

Inter-Pacific Bar Association. Its theme was 'Climate Change and Legal Practice'.

He had been asked by the session's moderator, Professor Kishore Mahbubani, dean of the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, what lessons could be learnt from the disappointing summit.

Mr Lee said countries understood the long-term consequences and they knew what they had to do to fix it. But the emphasis on political expediency meant they could not commit to doing it.

Elaborating, he said: 'The US did not commit itself and could not commit itself because it has to go through Congress... Even if they were prepared to commit themselves, I don't think the Chinese and Indians will commit themselves.'

But, he added, China and India are not the bad guys in climate change talks as they are often portrayed. They are not blind to the threats of climate change.

'The Chinese are very possessed by this problem because their people are already suffering from air pollution, water pollution and they are now going for sustainable growth...' he said.

'They've set an internal target. What they don't want is a target which allows the world to come and inspect whether they have lived up to it. That's the Indian position too.'

He also noted that the Chinese were focused on the Tianjin Eco-City project it was doing in partnership with Singapore. There, a clean city was being built on a piece of land which was previously regarded as unusable.

Given these deep-seated problems, Mr Lee remained pessimistic that any breakthrough would happen in Cancun, Mexico, this year when world leaders meet to discuss the subject.

'I'd be surprised if there's any fixed commitments at Cancun...Each time they meet, they know the world has changed slightly for the worse, and that's being registered in all the world's capitals.'

He believes technology will provide the way out of the climate change problem.

Asked later about Singapore's own strategy, especially the use of solar power, Mr Lee said solar panels were not efficient enough yet for widespread use. What Singapore is trying to do now is to cut its emissions and this includes converting power stations from oil to gas.

Though yesterday's dialogue was to be on climate change, the questions ranged from the state of banking to the rise of China and India.

The conference, which will also feature a speech by former US vice-president Al Gore, ends on Wednesday.

Climate talks in Copenhagen not a failure, but a chance for minds to meet
S Ramesh Channel NewsAsia 2 May 10;

SINGAPORE : The climate change talks held in Copenhagen last year weren't a complete failure but a chance for minds to meet, said Minister Mentor Lee Kuan Yew.

But Mr Lee does not think much will come out from the next round of talks to be held in Cancun, as long as countries like the US, China and India keep to their stand on the issue.

He was speaking at the 20th annual conference of the Inter-Pacific Bar Association on the theme "climate change and legal practice" - the first major event at the Marina Sands Convention Centre.

Mr Lee described climate change as something that has real consequences many years down the road.

"The biggest problem with Copenhagen (talks) is the US could not commit itself because it has to go through Congress, and the Americans are not prepared to say before hand we commit ourselves to reduction of "X" per cent of our carbon footprint, even if they were prepared to commit themselves," said MM Lee.

"I don't think the Chinese and the Indians would commit themselves. I see more dilly-dallying internationally with every country focused on its own internal problems. So we are into a very difficult, messy series of annual meetings," he added.

Elaborating on why climate change agreement did not materialise, Mr Lee said: "The problem is governments; the government stays in power not by promising to cut down growth rates, but by promising a better life… So the idea of taking tough action now against putting off to the future generation, the result is - let's put it off and talk about it."

Climate change was not the only issue participants at the Inter-Pacific Bar Association conference were interested in. They also wanted Mr Lee's views on the future of China and India, and whether the Doha Round of talks would move forward.

"I think the Doha Round is not going to go anywhere as long as this (US) Congress will not pass the laws," said Mr Lee.

And there was also the often asked question of how Singapore can help countries like China and India develop.

"The first thing you learn as a small country is to act small and humble. You go around telling people, they say you are out of your depth, you don't understand my problems. So we keep our mouth shut unless we are asked," said Mr Lee.

The four-day conference will also discuss the challenges posed by climate change to various sectors such as aviation. - CNA /ls

Climate change and the stumbling block of domestic politics
Leong Wee Keat, Today Online 3 Apr 10;

SINGAPORE - As climate changes and its "catastrophic" effects threaten the globe, governments worldwide face a conundrum - they stay in power by promising citizens better economic growth rates and a better life, but their emphasis on domestic politics has resulted in a stalemate on fighting climate change, Minister Mentor Lee Kuan Yew said yesterday.

Thus, the problem with fighting climate change is governments themselves.

Mr Lee was responding at the Inter-Pacific Bar Association Annual Conference yesterday - which picked climate change and legal practice as its theme - on whether last year's United Nations climate change summit in Copenhagen was a failure.

Climate change dominated the hour-long dialogue, with five out of 12 questions posed to Mr Lee focusing on the subject.

While he would not say the Copenhagen Summit was a failure - as it led to a meeting of world leaders' minds on the issue - Mr Lee was pessimistic about future meetings securing a breakthrough in setting commitments on cuts in carbon emissions.

There will be "more dilly dallying internationally", he said, as every country focuses on its own internal problems.

Significant improvements to slow down climate change will depend on the technology that can be discovered. "If it can't be discovered, future generations will have to live with the consequences," said Mr Lee.

While he "will be surprised" if there are any fixed commitments on cuts in carbon emissions at this year's Summit in Cancun, Mexico, Mr Lee said the "difficult, messy series of annual meetings" would serve as stark reminders to the world's leaders.

Noting that Singapore has plans to be a renewal energy hub in South-east Asia, an American participant - who has been living here for 19 years - wondered what the Government's plans to promote solar energy and installing solar panels on buildings here were.

While he noted cities such as Beijing have installed solar panels, Mr Lee said the Government will need to consider the economics of installing solar panels on buildings here. "But what we can do is to minimise our carbon footprint," he added.

The Government has pledged to bring down its level of carbon emission growth. But whether it reaches the target of 16 per cent below the "business as usual" level by 2020 will depend on one thing - a legally binding global deal to fight climate change.

Singapore will also "keep our mouths shut, unless we are asked", said Mr Lee, replying to another participant who wondered if Singapore - cited previously for its influence beyond its relative numbers - could influence the rest of the world, through policies, laws and cultural norms.

This is because "if you are a small country, you act small and humble. If you tell people what to do, they will say, 'you are out of your depth, you don't understand our problems", Mr Lee said. But if asked to help similar sized cities or states, the Republic will share its experiences with others.

The onus on fighting climate change lies with governments, though Mr Lee acknowledged it is easier said than done.

"Everyone knows what has to be done. Every government knows if they do it, they will lose in the next elections," he said.

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Drive to restock river fish Malaysia-wide with native species

Ruben Sario, The Star 2 May 10;

KOTA KINABALU: A high-tech approach is being taken to restock rivers nationwide with native species of fish, particularly those with high market value.

Science, Technology and Innovation Minister Datuk Seri Dr Maximus Ongkili his ministry’s biotechnology division was undertaking the breeding of native fish species such as ikan kelah in the peninsula, ikan pelian in Sabah and ikan empurau in Sarawak.

He said fingerlings of these species would then be released into rivers in the respective states and this would enable rural folk to receive better income from the sale of these freshwater fish.

“This will help the Government’s poverty eradication efforts,” he said after participating in a community fish harvesting event at the Sungai Kanarom in the Kota Marudu district, some 90km from the city, Sunday.

Noting the bountiful catch by Kampung Pompodon villagers, Dr Maximus said this was due to the community-based river conservation initiative, locally called tagal, that banned any fishing activities along the waterway, except once a year on an agreed date.

He said the tagal system, long practised in Kota Marudu and other Sabah districts, had been a good tool to promote rural tourism.

In this regard, Dr Maximus said the Cabinet had recently tasked the Natural Resources and Environment Ministry to conduct an inventory of all tagal systems in Sabah and Sarawak and provide funding to further promote the initiative in the two states.

Kota Marudu district fisheries officer Masrani Madun said the tagal system in Kg Pompodon, which started in 1998, was one of the oldest in the district out of 23 villages that practised it to date.

Dr Maximus said the Kampung Pompodon tagal system was one of the most successful in Kota Marudu due to the cooperation of the members as well as their discipline in adhering to the rules and conditions.

The tagal system is enforced under the Native Customary Law of Sabah and under Section 35, 36 and 37 of the Freshwater and Aquaculture Fisheries Enactment 2003.

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Saving Big Cats from US Federal Traps, Poison Could Take Legal Action

Environment News Service 1 May 10;

SILVER CITY, New Mexico, May 1, 2010 (ENS) - The Center for Biological Diversity has formally notified the predator control branch of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wildlife Services, that it will file a lawsuit over Wildlife Services' traps, snares, and poisons, which risk injuring or killing endangered jaguars and ocelots in the Southwest.

To protect the few remaining jaguars and ocelots, the Center is seeking a halt to animal killing activities that Wildlife Services conducts on behalf of the livestock industry across much of southern and central Arizona and New Mexico.

"Jaguars have pitifully poor protection, both in areas where they've recently lived and in their historical range," said Michael Robinson of the Center. "And in Arizona, ocelots have no protection whatsoever from government predator control."

"Both these beautiful wildcat species became highly imperiled in the first place partly because of government persecution, and risking the lives of the last remnants of these species in the course of killing cougars, bears, coyotes, or bobcats perpetuates a cruel and illegal policy," Robinson said.

Wildlife Services is required by the Endangered Species Act to consult with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, within the Department of the Interior, on any of its activities that may affect endangered species.

Its 1999 consultation on predator control effects on jaguars resulted in a formal biological opinion document that authorized the inadvertent killing of one jaguar, so long as Wildlife Services attempted to avoid said killing and adhered to mandatory terms and conditions intended to minimize the risk.

The terms and conditions include not using poisons and minimizing use of traps and snares within "occupied habitat," as delineated on maps. But official occupied habitat is a small part of the landscape jaguars may roam, the Center argues.

Sent Friday, the notice of intent to sue points out that the 1999 biological opinion, which delineates occupied habitat in only a few mountain ranges constituting a small proportion of the Sky Islands region, is out of date.

"Nine studies and reports in the intervening decade suggest, and in several instances explicitly map out, a much broader region where jaguars may live," says Robinson. "But any jaguars in these areas receive only lip service, and no effective safeguards against federal predator killing."

Wildlife Services is not curtailed in its lethal work in the areas south of Tucson where the last known wild U.S. jaguar, Macho B, and at least one other jaguar lived for many years, which other jaguars may be expected to colonize.

In March, the Arizona Game and Fish Department fired field biologist Thorton Smith for lying to federal investigators about Macho B's capture and death at the hands of scientists at the Phoenix Zoo. Initially, Smith claimed that the jaguar had been snared accidentally in a trap set for mountain lions or bears. He later confessed that the capture had been intentional, confirming a recent investigation by the Department of the Interior.

Ocelots have not received the benefit of any consultation between Wildlife Services and Fish and Wildlife regarding the former's traps, snares, and poisons in Arizona. "For that reason, ocelots are unprotected on the ground though the law requires their protection," says Robinson.

In April, an ocelot was run over by a vehicle near Globe, Arizona, and in November, an ocelot was photographed in Cochise County, Arizona - the first two of these reclusive animals to be confirmed in Arizona since 1964.

Jaguars are the largest feline native to the Americas. After the tiger and lion, the jaguar is the third-largest cat in the world. Golden with dark semicircle rosettes, or all black, jaguars evolved in North America before colonizing Central and South America.

Ocelots are also a spotted cat species, but are smaller than jaguars, closer in size to a bobcat. Like jaguars, ocelots have been targeted by fur hunters and hated as predators.

The Center for Biological Diversity's advocacy and litigation was responsible for the jaguar's protection as an endangered species in the United States in 1997, and for compelling the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service this year to reverse course and decide to prepare a recovery plan for jaguars and to protect their habitats. Neither the recovery plan nor the habitat protection have yet been finalized.

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Kuwait schoolchildren protest oil pollution

Omar Hasan Yahoo News 2 May 10;

ALI SABAH AL-SALEM, Kuwait (AFP) – Thousands of students began a two-day strike on Sunday in protest at high pollution levels caused by oil facilities in a remote residential area of southern Kuwait.

"The strike was total today. All 15,000 students stayed at home," Ahmad al-Shuraian, head of the area's environmental protection committee, told AFP after addressing a gathering.

The Ali Sabah Al-Salem area, in an oil-rich region some 55 kilometres (35 miles) south of Kuwait City, is surrounded by hundreds of facilities, including Kuwait's three refineries, and industrial plants.

As students stayed home, about 200 residents gathered outside a main school braving heavy rains to urge the government to take speedy action to resolve local health problems.

"There has been a massive rise in the number of pollution-related diseases among the 45,000 residents of this area," Shuraian said.

Citing an official report, he said that in 2005 the relatively new area had 1,399 asthma sufferers, compared to just 150 cases in a nearby district with a five-fold population.

"Last year, the number rose to above 8,000 cases, or about 18 percent of the population ... The number of respiratory diseases is 19 times higher than the average in other populated areas," Shuraian said.

He warned of many cases of more serious diseases such as cancer but charged that the government was keeping a lid on the actual figures.

The issue of pollution in the area has been debated several times in the Kuwaiti parliament which has repeatedly urged the Gulf emirate's government to take action.

The government has acknowledged that pollution is high but said it remained under the maximum level allowed, an issue which has been hotly contested by residents and their supporters.

A government committee in 1994 recommended against building homes in the area, according to Shuraian. The government, however, had ignored the recommendation and built up the area which residents began to use in 2001.

"The problem with this area is that all the oil facilities and 156 chemical and industrial plants, which emit highly toxic gases, lie to the north of the houses and the winds in Kuwait blow mostly from the north," he said.

In October, three MPs issued a 60-day ultimatum to grill the prime minister unless about 20 chemical plants were closed down.

The government has temporarily closed a few plants and ordered others to abide by environmental regulations.

But Shuraian said nothing had changed on the ground and that "MPs have betrayed us."

The solution is either to "relocate the area or shut down the plants," he said, adding that residents planned to step up protests if the unprecedented students' strike failed to pressure the government to act.

Kuwait, OPEC's fifth largest producer, says it sits on about 10 percent of global crude reserves and pumps around 2.3 million barrels per day. It has a native population of 1.1 million as well as 2.35 million foreign residents.

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Massive US oil slick threatens nesting birds, spawning fish

Mira Oberman Yahoo News 2 May 10;

FORT JACKSON, Louisiana (AFP) – The massive oil spill bearing down on Louisiana's fragile coast wetlands comes at the worst time for untold numbers of nesting birds and spawning fish whose young are most vulnerable to the toxic sludge.

Nearly all migratory birds in the Western Hemisphere stop over in the marshes surrounding the mouth of the Mississippi river and tens of thousands are currently guarding eggs laid along the shores.

There are brown pelicans - which were only recently removed from the endangered species list. There are terns, and gulls, and herons, and egrets, ducks and sparrows.

If they get coated in oil they can die in a matter of days or even hours. And since they fish close to the nests, they can also carry the oil back to their young.

The timing will make it harder to reach and rescue oiled birds because of the risk of trampling the eggs, said Jay Holcomb, director of International Bird Rescue Research Center.

"We've had times when we've had to leave oiled birds because it would kill more birds to get them," said Holcomb, one of a handful of specialists who have set up a triage center in Fort Jackson, Louisiana to clean and treat rescued birds.

The rich delta surrounding the mouth of the Mississippi River also provides prime spawning grounds for the fish, shrimp, crab and oysters which support a 2.4 billion dollar a year commercial and recreational fishing industry and supply a large chunk of the nation's wild catch.

And the oil is toxic to larvae.

The very topography which makes the bogs, marshes and swamps so appealing to wildlife makes it incredibly difficult to protect from an oil spill.

High tides and high winds can push the oil deep into the wetlands, which are accessible only by boat and offer few footholds for rescue workers and plenty of places for the frightened animals to hide.

Holcomb spent six months in Alaska treating birds oiled in the Exxon Valdez disaster.

About 1,600 were rescued. At least 500,000 died.

He's hoping it won't be that bad this time. It could, in fact, be much worse.

Nobody knows when the oil will stop gushing from a deep water well cracked open after an explosion sank an offshore oil platform run by British Petroleum on April 22.

The massive slick has spread to 3,500 square miles (9,000 square kilometers) - about the size of Puerto Rico - and an estimated 210,000 gallons are leaking into the Gulf of Mexico every day.

The coasts of Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama and Florida are threatened and the first wave of oil is expected to inundate the fragile wetlands south of New Orleans.

Miles of boom barriers have been placed to protect three of the most sensitive wildlife refuges which are home to about 34,000 nesting birds.

But vast stretches of sensitive coastal areas remain utterly unprotected and it's unclear how well the booms hold up against the high winds and rough seas, said Tom MacKenzie, a spokesman for US Fish and Wildlife Service.

"I've done oil spills before but they're normally a one-time event where they start and they stop," MacKenzie told AFP.

"In this case it's not over. It's not stopped. It's very difficult for us to say when is this going to finish."

A brown northern gannet was the first oiled animal to be discovered, but will surely not be the last.

He was rescued on Friday by crews surveying the spill out in the Gulf after they spotted the large seabird approaching their boat and tried to snare him with a fishing gaff.

"He kind of jumped onto the gaffe and they were able to haul him in," said Rebecca Dunne, senior coordinator for Tri-State Bird Rescue & Research, which is also assisting with the rescue efforts.

Once at the center, he was hydrated and force-fed Pepto-Bismol to help protect his stomach from any ingested oil and allowed to rest overnight.

The team plucked seven feathers from the bird before they found the right method to get rid of the oil. They spent 36 minutes washing him carefully with dish soap him Saturday morning.

It takes four people and up to 300 gallons of water to clean an oiled bird and the center has the capacity to treat and hold a few hundred.

They are usually able to be released after about ten days, but with oil still threatening their habitat it's unclear when and where that can happen.

Fishing ban imposed in oil-affected Gulf of Mexico
Allen Johnson Yahoo News 2 May 10;

NEW ORLEANS, Louisiana (AFP) – Louisiana's 2.4-billion-dollar a year commercial and recreational fishing industry was dealt its first major blow from the oil spill Sunday, as the US government banned activities for 10 days due to health concerns.

"NOAA is restricting fishing for a minimum of ten days in federal waters most affected by the BP oil spill, largely between Louisiana state waters at the mouth of the Mississippi River to waters off Florida's Pensacola Bay. The closure is effective immediately," said the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

Louisiana accounts for an estimated one-third of the country's total oyster output, and the Gulf of Mexico are prime spawning waters for fish, shrimp and crabs, as well as a major stop for migratory birds.

"NOAA scientists are on the ground in the area of the oil spill taking water and seafood samples in an effort to ensure the safety of the seafood and fishing activities," said NOAA administrator, Doctor Jane Lubchenco, quoted in the statement.

"I heard the concerns of the Plaquemines Parish fishermen as well other fishermen and state fishery managers about potential economic impacts of a closure," said Lubchenko, who met with more than 100 fishermen on Friday night.

"Balancing economic and health concerns, this order closes just those areas that are affected by oil. There should be no health risk in seafood currently in the marketplace."

Secretary of Commerce Gary Locke said in the statement: "We stand with America's fisherman, their families and businesses in impacted coastal communities during this very challenging time.

"Fishing is vital to our economy and our quality of life and we will work tirelessly protect to it."

According to NOAA, 3.2 million recreational fishermen in the Gulf of Mexico took 24 million fishing trips in 2008 and commercial fishermen there harvested more than one billion pounds of finfish and shellfish in 2008.

"There are finfish, crabs, oysters and shrimp in the Gulf of Mexico near the area of the oil spill," said NOAA regional administrator Roy Crabtree. "The Gulf is such an important biologic and economic area in terms of seafood production and recreational fishing."

Harlon Pearce, chairman of the Louisiana Seafood Promotion and Marketing Board, backed NOAA's measure, saying the move "is a necessary action to ensure the citizens of the United States and abroad that our seafood will maintain the highest level of quality.

"We Support NOAA's precautionary closure of the affected area so that the American consumer has confidence that the seafood they eat is safe," he said.

George Barasich, president of the United Commercial Fishermen's Association, meanwhile Sunday, filed an emergency request for a temporary restraining order against BP's contract for oil clean-up workers, which his lawyers said would allegedly preclude them from suing the oil giant.

BP is hiring fishermen to help clean up from the spill and deploy boom in the Gulf of Mexico.

The legal documents BP is asking the volunteers to sign would "seriously compromise" any spill-related legal claims against the oil giant, said Barasich's attorney Stuart Smith.

"That BP would attempt to force this one-sided and egregious agreement on volunteers in the midst of this environmental disaster shocks the conscience," Smith said in a press release.

NOAA said it was working with the state governors to evaluate the need to declare a fisheries disaster in order to unlock millions of dollars in federal aid to fishermen in these areas.

Louisiana and Mississippi have already requested that NOAA declare a federal fisheries disaster.

An estimated 210,000 gallons of crude a day has been streaming from the wellhead below the Deepwater Horizon rig that sank on April 22, two days after a massive explosion that killed 11 workers.

Cost of oil spill could exceed $14 billion
Tom Bergin, Reuters 2 May 10;

LONDON (Reuters) - The total bill related to the oil spill drifting toward Louisiana from a well operated by BP Plc in the Gulf of Mexico, could exceed $14 billion, analysts said.

Since an explosion almost two weeks ago on the Deepwater Horizon rig, a disaster scenario has emerged with hundreds of thousands of gallons of crude oil spewing unchecked into the Gulf and moving inexorably northward to the coast. The responsibility for the cleanup operation lies with the owners of the well, led by 65 percent shareholder, London-based oil company BP Plc.

BP said last week that it was spending $6 million a day on the clean up but admitted this figure would rise sharply when the slick hits land.

Neither the company or its 25 percent partner, explorer Anadarko Petroleum, have put an estimate on total costs, although BP CEO Tony Hayward told Reuters in an interview on Friday that he would pay all legitimate claims for damages.

The final bill for cleaning up the spill could be $7 billion, Neil McMahon, analyst at investment firm Bernstein said.

Analysts at Morgan Stanley put the figure at $3.5 billion, while analysts at Citigroup, Evolution Securities and Panmure Gordon put cleanup costs at under $1.1 billion.

Compensation that must be paid to those impacted by the slick could also amount to billions of dollars.

The cost to the fishing industry in Louisiana could be $2.5 billion, while the Florida tourism industry could lose $3 billion, Bernstein predicted.

BP will also have to spend $100 million to drill a relief well to try and stem the flow of the well, while the loss of the Deepwater Horizon well represents a hit of around $1 billion for its owner, Swiss-based drilling specialist Transocean.

COMPENSATION FOR WORKERS

Eleven workers are missing, presumed dead, following the rig explosion and compensation will have to be made to their families.

BP was forced to pay out $2 billion in compensation after 15 workers died in an explosion at its Texas City refinery in 2005, although Peter Hitchens at Panmure said it was likely liabilities related to the rig would be Transocean's responsibility.

BP and its partners in the oil block where the leaking well is located will have to cover the cleanup costs and damages on a basis proportionate to their shareholdings, which will leave BP with 65 percent of the bill.

The company self-insures through its own insurance company, named Jupiter. Contrary to press reports, Jupiter does not lay off risks onto reinsurers or syndicates at Lloyds of London, a spokesman said on Sunday.

Hence, BP will end up paying any costs out of its own pocket.

However, it is possible BP and Anadarko could seek to reclaim any damages from Cameron International Corp, the supplier of the well head equipment which has been blamed for the accident or companies involved in maintaining the drilling machinery.

The oil is leaking because a shut-off valve that should automatically kick in when a problem occurs, has not functioned.

The valve, known as a blow-out preventer, was supplied by Cameron and operated, as an integral part of Transocean's rig.

Oil services provider Halliburton said it performed a variety of work on the rig.

If BP could prove that Halliburton or Cameron did something wrong, they could lay part of the blame on them, Mike Breard, an energy analyst with Hodges Capital Management in Dallas said last week.

Shares in BP have fallen around 13 percent since the accident, wiping out $20 billion of the company's market value.

Shares in Anadarko, Transocean, Cameron and Halliburton have also been hit.

If regulators find any wrongdoing or incompetence on the part of the companies involved, it could levy fines, although analysts said that going by previous fines, these would likely be in the range of tens of millions -- immaterial to the total bill.

In such a situation, the courts could also award punitive damages.

Exxon Mobil was hit with $5 billion in punitive damages after the its tanker Valdez leaked 258,000 barrels of heavy crude into Prince William Sound in Alaska in 1989. The award was based on the fact Exxon had not taken due care when it employed a man with a drinking problem to skipper its tanker.

However, the damages against it were subsequently reduced to around $500 million on appeal.

All analysts agreed that the final bill for the Deepwater Horizon incident will depend on how much damage is caused.

Bernstein said the experience from the first Gulf War in 1991 suggested the damage across Louisiana, Alabama, Mississippi

and Florida could be less than many expect because of the warm water in the area.

"The Iraqi army opened valves on the Sea Island terminal, dumping up to 450 million gallons (around 11 million barrels) of crude into the sea in order to obstruct a potential landing by coalition forces," McMahon said in a research note.

"While the magnitude of the spill was vastly greater than the Exxon Valdez, it actually did relatively little long-term damage, as it dispersed in the warm waters," he added.

(Reporting by Tom Bergin, editing by Bernard Orr)

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Mexico, Germany urges action on climate change

Verena Schmitt-roschmann, Associated Press Yahoo News 2 May 10;

KOENIGSWINTER, Germany – With the fight against global warming in serious trouble, Germany and Mexico are calling on world leaders to get international negotiations back on track and reach concrete results by the end of the year.

"We need to show the world how serious the threat is," Mexican President Felipe Calderon said as he opened an international climate change conference in Germany on Sunday.

German Chancellor Angela Merkel, who also spoke at the opening of the conference co-hosted by both countries and aimed at laying the groundwork for the next U.N. conference on climate change, asked nations around the world for more ambition in their efforts to cut greenhouse gases.

While scientists believe global temperatures must not rise by more than 2 degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit) compared to pre-industrial times, the world is now headed for a 3 to 4 degree increase, Merkel said.

"We have to realize that we have quite a long way to go to reach the 2-degree-goal," Merkel said. "Therefore we have to ascertain how we can reach our goals nonetheless."

Mexico will host the next U.N. conference on climate change in Cancun in December, the first such high-level summit after the troubled U.N. conference in Copenhagen five months ago.

Germany has long presented itself as a driving force in the international efforts to curb global warming and came up with the idea of a "mid-term" meeting.

Both countries invited ministers and representatives from around 45 countries for informal talks on the Petersberg up above Koenigswinter.

The three-day conference called the Petersberg Dialogue hopes to make some progress on details, but most of all build trust between poor and rich nations, Calderon said.

He said the conference could produce a "clear message, this will be the signal whether it will be possible to reach a uniform agreement."

Nations around the world agreed in 2007 to negotiate a new international treaty to fight global warming which scientists say has already started to cause some alarming changes such as droughts, flooding or heavier storms.

A treaty was originally hoped for in Copenhagen, but that meeting produced less than expected.

President Barack Obama and a few dozen other major players drafted the so-called Copenhagen Accord, which includes the 2-degree-goal and an immediate $30 billion three-year aid package for poorer nations.

However, the accord failed to gain full support at the summit, as some smaller countries felt left out in the process and were unhappy with the results of closed-door negotiations.

German Environment Minister Norbert Roettgen said the Petersberg meeting is designed to work intensely on some sticking points and to build trust among those who eventually have to work with each other on the U.N. level.

To have something to show for even while the negotiating is going on, nations should agree on concrete projects to curb greenhouse gas emissions or to adapt to climate change, he said.

Calderon and Merkel said one of the areas that could see some progress in Cancun was the fight against deforestation.

Mexico's president stressed that saving forests could help fight poverty at the same time as it would give residents an income.

Since Copenhagen, momentum in the drive to control global warming has slowed in some countries. The U.S. has not tackled its domestic energy bill; and Australia — one of the world's biggest per capita polluters — put off for as long as two years legislation setting up carbon trading.

Roettgen has said his country and others have not given up on striking a deal at the U.N. climate summit in Cancun Nov. 29-Dec. 10.

'Trust' lacking in stalled climate talks: Merkel, Calderon
Marlowe Hood Sun Yahoo News 2 May 10;

BONN (AFP) – German Chancellor Angela Merkel Sunday urged world environment ministers "to find a basis of trust" before the next UN meet in Cancun, recalling the near-collapse of the Copenhagen climate summit.

"One thing that did not work well in Copenhagen is that a small circle met and the regional groups felt left out of the debate," she said as delegates from some 45 countries convened to breathe life into stalled climate talks.

"A preparatory job before Cancun will be to find a basis of trust for all countries that will be present in Cancun so that no one feels left out," Merkel told the assembled ministers and negotiators.

Many of the 194 nations in the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) have not backed the Copenhagen Accord, complaining that it was hammered out at the last minute behind closed doors by a handful of powerful economies led by China and the United States.

The contested accord calls for reducing greenhouse gas emissions enough to keep global temperatures from rising more than 2.0 degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit), but does not share out responsibility for reaching that goal.

Merkel pointed out that voluntary pledges currently registered in the accord put Earth on track for a 3.5 C or even a 4.0 C jump by 2100, far above the widely held threshold for dangerous warming.

She also sought to allay fears that forums such as the so-called Petersberg Climate Dialogue -- unfolding over the next two days outside Bonn -- could clash with the UN talks.

"There is no alternative to the UN process ... In the end all of this has to go into one UN process," she said.

The two-and-a-half day meeting -- the highest-level climate gathering since the December fiasco -- was jointly launched by Mexican President Felipe Calderon, who will host the UN conference in Cancun starting in late November.

Calderon likewise emphasised the need for building trust, especially in the issue of finance for poor countries bracing for the ravages of global warming.

The Copenhagen Accord called for 30 billion dollars up to the end of 2012, to be scaled up to 100 billion dollars annually by 2020.

"This atmosphere of trust is something we really need to make use of for the 'fast track' financing," he told the ministers Sunday evening. "2010 is the year when we need to take action."

Just how hard that may be was laid bare in Bonn only weeks ago at the first meeting since Copenhagen of the UNFCCC, the main vehicle for global talks.

The only thing that the negotiators seemed to agree on was that the session was tense and riven by suspicion.

Also on Sunday, German environment Norbert Roettgen said the European Union should unilaterally raise its target for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from 20 to 30 percent by 2020.

"The EU has to push to 30 percent to create confidence -- it's one way to create credibility with the developed countries," said Switzerland's top climate negotiator, Jose Romero.

The Petersberg talks in Bonn appear designed to sidestep some of the biggest political landmines that derailed Copenhagen, focusing instead on narrower issues where some progress has been made such as technology cooperation, verification regimes and fighting deforestation.

"The politics of getting a full-blown treaty are still very divided," said Alden Meyer, a climate policy analyst at the Washington-based Union for Concerned Scientists.

Industrialised countries bound by the Kyoto Protocol to slash their carbon pollution say emerging giants such as China and India must take on binding, if lesser, commitments too.

Developing countries argue they are not historically responsible for climate change, and thus should be allowed to take purely voluntary steps to help fix it.

But Calderon called on rapidly developing nations -- already among the world's top emitters of CO2 -- to play a bigger role.

"Until now we spoke about different responsibilities," he said, alluding to a cardinal principle underlying the climate Convention. "Now we have to see that it is really a joint responsibility."

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Best of our wild blogs: 2 May 10

Stunning Cyrene at Sunrise
from wild shores of singapore

My first Hantu guided walk
from wonderful creation

May Day Palm Tree Inspection
from Life's Indulgences

Can all birds be tamed and will they stay tame?
from Bird Ecology Study Group

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'Skyrise greenery' reaching new heights in Singapore

Architects report growing demand for green spaces on rooftops and decks
Shuli Sudderuddin and Debby Kwong, Straits Times 2 May 10;

More building owners are going to great heights - such as the rooftop - to go green.

This trend has the official nod. The Government hopes to see some 50ha of such 'skyrise greenery' by 2030, architects say.

The concept refers to greenery integrated into building structures, like rooftops, walls and sky terraces. It can make a skyline striking when it adorns high-rise blocks.

While there are no figures on how much skyrise greenery there is now, architects say they are getting more requests for their designs to incorporate the concept.

A Singapore Institute of Landscape Architects spokesman said that, given the land scarcity and competition for space, 'the logical solution is to integrate greenery onto built structures, for instance, on roofs, skyrise decks and even building facades'.

There are even annual awards, jointly organised by the Singapore Institute of Architects and National Parks Board (NParks), to promote and recognise the greening of high-rise developments.

Known as the Skyrise Greenery Awards, this year's awards - the third edition - were open for submissions last month.

Said Mr Tai Lee Siang, a director at DP Architects: 'Skyrise greenery is a trend here due to the high density of our developments, where green spaces are desirable and it is insufficient to depend only on ground-level green space.'

Mr Vincent Koo, managing director of DCA Architects, which designed the greenery at One George Street office building, said it also uses skyrise greenery for its other projects like Reflections at Keppel Bay and Marina Bay Residences.

The 23-storey One George Street, in South Bridge Road, won a Skyrise Greenery Award in 2008.

Mr Ng Cheow Kheng, assistant director of Streetscape (Projects) for NParks, said even schools are introducing greenery in their buildings.

He said skyrise greenery can have benefits such as improving air quality by absorbing airborne particles, reducing energy cooling costs and increasing property values.

The Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA) and NParks have a series of incentives to promote skyrise greenery.

The URA's Lush (Landscaping for Urban Spaces and High-Rises) programme encourages developers of high-rise buildings to incorporate greenery from the ground level upwards.

NParks' Green Roof Incentive Scheme encourages owners of existing buildings to green their rooftops.

Malls, too, are heeding the call.

DLQ Design director Lena Quek said DLQ was commissioned to design two sky gardens, with trees and water plants, for the Orchard Central mall. Its design won the first prize in the Skyrise Greenery Awards last year.

VivoCity won an award for its rooftop garden designed by DP Architects in 2008.

DP Architects' senior associate, Mr Paul Appasamy, said many condominium projects being built and launched have sky terraces, as do office buildings in the heart of the Central Business District, such as NTUC Tower in Collyer Quay.

Even Sri Geylang Serai, a public housing development, now has a landscaped deck area on the roof of its multistorey carpark.

Said a Singapore Institute of Architects spokesman: 'People will want to live or work amid well-designed and well-implemented skyrise greenery, therefore it does enhance the value of the property.'

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New Malaysian think-tank to study low carbon development

On the carbon footprint trail
New Straits Times 1 May 10;

THE Centre for Environment, Technology and Development, Malaysia (Cetdem) will study low carbon development once it establishes a think tank by the end of the year.

"Many people are talking about low carbon development so we want to see how we can do this in Malaysia," says Cetdem chairman Gurmit Singh. He revealed this at a press conference to announce the initiatives the organisation is taking after 25 years of existence.

For the next 25 years, Cetdem will be looking at, among others, expanding the scope of its work by setting up a think tank -- which will function as a section within the organisation -- that will examine sustainable development issues.

"Currently there is no think tank dedicated to environmental issues," says Gurmit, adding that it will work on long-term programmes on sustainable solutions, especially through the marriage of sustainable development and green technology.

The closest equivalent, he adds, is the Institute for Environment and Development (or its Malay acronym, Lestari), under Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, which does research and capacity building in sustainable development.

This is why Cetdem feels there is a need for an independent think tank in Malaysia and is looking at the Malaysian Institute of Economic Research as a possible model.

The organisation is now trying to raise the RM1 million needed to set up and run the think tank for the first four years.

Only then would it start identifying the core researchers to manage the think tank and possible collaborators to work with.

"It will study issues related to energy and environment, especially low carbon economy and development," says Gurmit.

Countries around the world are seeking to become low carbon economies -- which have minimal output of greenhouse gas, specifically carbon dioxide -- to try and mitigate global warming.

Cetdem was founded in 1985 as an independent, non-profit, training, research, consultancy, referral and development organisation.

In its existence, it has sought to demonstrate sustainable solutions on environmental issues in the Malaysian context. It has worked at the community, public and professional levels in energy efficiency, sustainable farming and sustainable transportation.

Aside from the establishment of the think tank and sustaining its current work on energy, climate change and organic farming, Cetdem will be deepening its work on transportation issues; venturing into addressing water issues and developing innovative ideas on the use of green and sustainable technology beyond the National Green Technology Policy.

Under its sustainable farming programme, Cetdem had operated the first organic farm from 1986 to 1996, contributed to the development of Malaysian Organic Farming standard and certification scheme, organised exhibitions, short courses, farm visits and projects such as the Community Initiative on Household Waste Composting in Petaling Jaya as well as run the Organic Farming Community Centre.

Hari Organik, an event Cetdem has been organising every three to four months since last year, has been gaining popularity since its inception.

"I noticed more Malay families had turned up for the latest one recently," says Organic Farming Project coordinator Tan Siew Luang, adding that it is an encouraging sign that more are becoming aware of the benefits of organic food and healthy living.

In a Learning Curve article titled The Organic Crowd (Oct 11, 2009), it was noted that the majority of the visitors to Hari Organik were ethnically Chinese.

Cetdem executive director Anthony Tan had attributed this occurrence to the media that had promoted the event (primarily a Chinese language radio station) and the venue itself (Section 19 -- where the event is held -- together with its neighbours SS2 and Sections 14 and 17 are mostly populated by Chinese).

Activities in this area will continue under the Organic Farming Community Centre in Section 19, which acts as a model for keeping an organic farm in an urban environment.

Cetdem also intends to conduct a baseline study of all the state capitals' public transport ridership, mobilise an awareness campaign to motivate people to use better public transport and lobby the new Land Public Transport Commission to improve the quality of public transportation.

After three years, it aims to assess the impact of these measures.

"We've heard that public transport ridership in Malaysia is only 17 per cent, while some claim it's 30 per cent.

"But we don't know where these figures come from," says Gurmit.

Cetdem will also be tackling the National Green Technology Policy, which Gurmit says does not really examine the role or the promotion of clean technologies, or pollution prevention technologies, and to look at cradle to cradle technologies -- where products can be used and later disassembled to be reused in other ways.

The organisation also wants to tackle unresolved water issues, such as whether Malaysians are optimally utilising their water resources for end use in various areas and if the current method of repairing water pipes is the most efficient.

Whatever it undertakes, Cetdem strives to put into practice sustainable solutions that can be duplicated.

"The biggest drawback with many activities in Malaysia is that there is there is a lot of awareness building but no follow-up and no practical solutions that people can adopt," says Tan, adding this is where Cetdem is different.

And that is one of the strengths that Cetdem will use in its growth in coming years.

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Increased Enforcement is Cheapest Way To Save Southeast Asia´s Coral Reefs From Blast Fishing

World Sentinel 1 May 10;

Washington D.C. -- A new study analyzing the destruction of Southeast Asia´s coral reefs by blast fishing finds that an ounce of prevention is indeed better than a pound of cure. The authors of the study in the journal Conservation Letters find that using marine patrols and enforcement to prevent blast fishing can be 70 times more cost-effective than rebuilding those reefs after the damage is done.

Blast fishing, an illegal practice in which home-made bombs are detonated into schools of fish for easy collection, leaves large areas of broken coral rubble that are unlikely to recover naturally.

The result is severe impacts on biodiversity and habitat for other fish because it kills both target and non-target fish and shatters coral skeletons. It also often injures and maims those doing the fishing when the home-made bombs malfunction. Blast fishing has been practiced in Southeast Asia since World War II despite regulations in most countries prohibiting it.

In recent years many have tried to rebuild damaged reefs with artificial "reef balls," concrete structures, coral transplantation and electric fields, the authors write. But the long-term effectiveness of these rebuilding efforts is unproven and they are not as effective as protecting centuries-old undamaged reefs from damage in the first place. In terms of cost, the authors found that prevention is anywhere from 5-70 times more cost-effective than rehabilitation using locally quarried rocks as a base for regrowing corals, depending on the calculations used.

"There are few if any methods of coral reef rehabilitation that are economically feasible at large scale or for developing nations." said Helen Fox, World Wildlife Fund Marine Conservation Scientist and the corresponding author of the study. "The million dollar question is whether to invest limited conservation funds in prevention of damage or repair of damage to coral reefs and it appears that prevention through increased enforcement is the answer in this case."

Coral reefs are among the most diverse and most threatened ecosystems on the planet – 19 percent of the world´s reefs are non-functional and in Southeast Asia 40 percent are non-functional. Most marine protected areas are underfunded and marine patrols often have few boats and thousands of square miles of ocean to protect from illegal activities such as blast fishing.

This is one of the first studies to quantifiably examine the cost-effectiveness of various management options for coral reefs. The findings could significantly affect policies not only on coral reef protection but also on the protection of other habitats.

The study was authored by experts from World Wildlife Fund, the University of Maryland, Purdue University, The Nature Conservancy and People and Nature Consulting International. It can be read in full here.

The study site was Indonesia´s Komodo National Park, which is in a region known as The Coral Triangle. This vast area of the Indo-Pacific region harbors 75 percent of all known coral species, more than half of the world´s reefs, 40 percent of the world's coral reef fish species, and six of the world´s seven species of marine turtle.

Komodo itself has over 200 species of reef- building corals but they are under threat. Half of Komodo´s 4200 acres of coral reefs had been damaged by blast fishing by the mid-1990s. Since enforcement efforts began in 1996 with the help of The Nature Conservancy blast fishing has decreased by 80 percent to 100 percent. Locals and dive operators report blast fishers to police, and "floating ranger stations" are supported by speedboats to pursue blast fishers.

TNC also began rehabilitation of damaged reefs using locally quarried rocks as a base for regrowing corals in large rubble fields. The efforts were mostly successful, resulting in the growth of both hard and soft corals in the rehabilitation areas.

The costs for both enforcement and rehabilitation were then analyzed: to patrol the Park adequately for seven years would cost $1,122,953 while the cost to install rock piles in all the damaged coral reef habitat of Komodo National Park would be $40,800,000, or about $10,000 per acre. Despite this price tag, this method is among the cheapest; others have costs that range from $32,000 per acre to $247 million per acre.

"Our study clearly shows that in this case for coral reefs, spending the money upfront on enforcement is far cheaper and in the long run, is better for the long-term health of reefs and the species that rely on them, including humans," Fox said. "In addition, research on how to increase management effectiveness and compliance with regulations could yield high dividends."

The authors recommend that along with increased enforcement, conservationists and park staff should promote community education and alternative livelihoods to blast fishing, such as seaweed farming and sustainable fishing.

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Fears for crops as shock figures from America show scale of bee catastrophe

The world may be on the brink of biological disaster after news that a third of US bee colonies did not survive the winter
Alison Benjamin, The Guardian 2 May 10

Disturbing evidence that honeybees are in terminal decline has emerged from the United States where, for the fourth year in a row, more than a third of colonies have failed to survive the winter.

The decline of the country's estimated 2.4 million beehives began in 2006, when a phenomenon dubbed colony collapse disorder (CCD) led to the disappearance of hundreds of thousands of colonies. Since then more than three million colonies in the US and billions of honeybees worldwide have died and scientists are no nearer to knowing what is causing the catastrophic fall in numbers.

The number of managed honeybee colonies in the US fell by 33.8% last winter, according to the annual survey by the Apiary Inspectors of America and the US government's Agricultural Research Service (ARS).

The collapse in the global honeybee population is a major threat to crops. It is estimated that a third of everything we eat depends upon honeybee pollination, which means that bees contribute some £26bn to the global economy.

Potential causes range from parasites, such as the bloodsucking varroa mite, to viral and bacterial infections, pesticides and poor nutrition stemming from intensive farming methods. The disappearance of so many colonies has also been dubbed "Mary Celeste syndrome" due to the absence of dead bees in many of the empty hives.

US scientists have found 121 different pesticides in samples of bees, wax and pollen, lending credence to the notion that pesticides are a key problem. "We believe that some subtle interactions between nutrition, pesticide exposure and other stressors are converging to kill colonies," said Jeffery Pettis, of the ARS's bee research laboratory.

A global review of honeybee deaths by the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) reported last week that there was no one single cause, but pointed the finger at the "irresponsible use" of pesticides that may damage bee health and make them more susceptible to diseases. Bernard Vallat, the OIE's director-general, warned: "Bees contribute to global food security, and their extinction would represent a terrible biological disaster."

Dave Hackenberg of Hackenberg Apiaries, the Pennsylvania-based commercial beekeeper who first raised the alarm about CCD, said that last year had been the worst yet for bee losses, with 62% of his 2,600 hives dying between May 2009 and April 2010. "It's getting worse," he said. "The AIA survey doesn't give you the full picture because it is only measuring losses through the winter. In the summer the bees are exposed to lots of pesticides. Farmers mix them together and no one has any idea what the effects might be."

Pettis agreed that losses in some commercial operations are running at 50% or greater. "Continued losses of this magnitude are not economically sustainable for commercial beekeepers," he said, adding that a solution may be years away. "Look at Aids, they have billions in research dollars and a causative agent and still no cure. Research takes time and beehives are complex organisms."

In the UK it is still too early to judge how Britain's estimated 250,000 honeybee colonies have fared during the long winter. Tim Lovett, president of the British Beekeepers' Association, said: "Anecdotally, it is hugely variable. There are reports of some beekeepers losing almost a third of their hives and others losing none." Results from a survey of the association's 15,000 members are expected this month.

John Chapple, chairman of the London Beekeepers' Association, put losses among his 150 members at between a fifth and a quarter. Eight of his 36 hives across the capital did not survive. "There are still a lot of mysterious disappearances," he said. "We are no nearer to knowing what is causing them."

Bee farmers in Scotland have reported losses on the American scale for the past three years. Andrew Scarlett, a Perthshire-based bee farmer and honey packer, lost 80% of his 1,200 hives this winter. But he attributed the massive decline to a virulent bacterial infection that quickly spread because of a lack of bee inspectors, coupled with sustained poor weather that prevented honeybees from building up sufficient pollen and nectar stores.

The government's National Bee Unit has always denied the existence of CCD in Britain, despite honeybee losses of 20% during the winter of 2008-09 and close to a third the previous year. It attributes the demise to the varroa mite – which is found in almost every UK hive – and rainy summers that stop bees foraging for food.

In a hard-hitting report last year, the National Audit Office suggested that amateur beekeepers who failed to spot diseases in bees were a threat to honeybees' survival and called for the National Bee Unit to carry out more inspections and train more beekeepers. Last summer MPs on the influential cross-party public accounts committee called on the government to fund more research into what it called the "alarming" decline of honeybees.

The Department for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs has contributed £2.5m towards a £10m fund for research on pollinators. The public accounts committee has called for a significant proportion of this funding to be "ring-fenced" for honeybees. Decisions on which research projects to back are expected this month.
WHY BEES MATTER

Flowering plants require insects for pollination. The most effective is the honeybee, which pollinates 90 commercial crops worldwide. As well as most fruits and vegetables – including apples, oranges, strawberries, onions and carrots – they pollinate nuts, sunflowers and oil-seed rape. Coffee, soya beans, clovers – like alfafa, which is used for cattle feed – and even cotton are all dependent on honeybee pollination to increase yields.

In the UK alone, honeybee pollination is valued at £200m. Mankind has been managing and transporting bees for centuries to pollinate food and produce honey, nature's natural sweetener and antiseptic. Their extinction would mean not only a colourless, meatless diet of cereals and rice, and cottonless clothes, but a landscape without orchards, allotments and meadows of wildflowers – and the collapse of the food chain that sustains wild birds and animals.

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